La Liga

La Liga

Organising body	Liga de Fútbol Profesional
Founded	1929
Country	Spain
Confederation	UEFA
Number of teams	20 (from 1997–98)
Level on pyramid	1
Relegation to	Segunda División
Domestic cup(s)	Copa del Rey Supercopa de España
International cup(s)	UEFA Champions League UEFA Europa League
Current champions	Real Madrid (33rd title) (2016–17)
Most championships	Real Madrid (33 titles)
TV partners	List of broadcasters
Website	www.laliga.es/en
2017–18 season

The Primera División,^{[lower-alpha 1]} commonly known as La Liga^{[lower-alpha 2]} and as La Liga Santander for sponsorship reasons with Santander,^[1] is the top professional association football division of the Spanish football league system. Administrated by the Liga de Fútbol Profesional (LFP), La Liga is contested by 20 teams, with the three lowest-placed teams relegated to the Segunda División and replaced by the top two teams in that division plus the winner of a play-off.

A total of 60 teams have competed in La Liga since its inception. Nine teams have been crowned champions, with Real Madrid winning the title a record 33 times and Barcelona 24 times. Real Madrid dominated the championship from the 1950s through the 1980s. From the 1990s onwards, Barcelona (14 titles) and Real Madrid (8 titles) both dominated, though La Liga also saw other champions, including Atlético Madrid, Valencia, and Deportivo de La Coruña. In more recent years, Atlético Madrid has joined a coalition of now three teams dominating La Liga alongside Real Madrid and Barcelona.

According to UEFA's league coefficient, La Liga has been the top league in Europe over the last five years and has led Europe for more years (13) than any other country. It has also produced the continent's top-rated club more times (20) than any other league, more than double that of second-placed Serie A. Its clubs have won the most UEFA Champions League (17), UEFA Europa League (10), UEFA Super Cup (14), and FIFA Club World Cup (5) titles, and its players have accumulated the highest number of (FIFA) Ballon d'Or awards (19).

La Liga is one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the world, with an average attendance of 26,741 for league matches in the 2014–15 season. This is the sixth-highest of any domestic professional sports league in the world and the fourth-highest of any professional association football league in the world, behind the Bundesliga, the Premier League, and the Indian Super League.^[2][3][4]

Competition format

The competition format follows the usual double round-robin format. During the course of a season, which lasts from August to May, each club plays every other club twice, once at home and once away, for a total of 38 matchdays. Teams receive three points for a win, one point for a draw, and no points for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, with the highest-ranked club at the end of the season crowned champion.

Promotion and relegation

A system of promotion and relegation exists between the Primera División and the Segunda División. The three lowest placed teams in La Liga are relegated to the Segunda División, and the top two teams from the Segunda División promoted to La Liga, with an additional club promoted after a series of play-offs involving the third, fourth, fifth and sixth placed clubs. Below is a complete record of how many teams played in each season throughout the league's history;

Ranking of clubs on equal points

If points are equal between two or more clubs, the rules are:^[5]

• If all clubs involved have played each other twice:
  • If the tie is between two clubs, then the tie is broken using the goal difference for the two matches those clubs have played against each other (without away goals rule)
  • If the tie is between more than two clubs, then the tie is broken using the games the clubs have played against each other:
    • a) head-to-head points
    • b) head-to-head goal difference
    • c) head-to-head goals scored
• If two legged games between all clubs involved have not been played, or the tie is not broken by the rules above, it is broken using:
  • a) total goal difference
  • b) total goals scored
• If the tie is still not broken, the winner will be determined by Fair Play scales.^[6] These are:
  • yellow card, 1 point
  • doubled yellow card/ejection, 2 points
  • direct red card, 3 points
  • suspension or disqualification of coach, executive or other club personnel (outside referees' decisions), 5 points
  • misconduct of the supporters: mild 5 points, serious 6 points, very serious 7 points
  • stadium closure, 10 points
  • if the Competition Committee removes a penalty, the points are also removed
• If the tie is still not broken, it will be resolved with a tie-break match in a neutral stadium.

Qualifying for European competitions

The top teams in La Liga qualify for the UEFA Champions League. The first, second, and third placed teams directly enter the group stage, and the fourth placed team enters the playoffs for the group stage of UEFA Champions League. Teams placed fifth and sixth play in the UEFA Europa League, along with the cup winners. If both teams in the cup final finish in the top six, an additional berth in the Europa League is given to the team that finishes in seventh.

History

Foundation

In April 1927, José María Acha, a director at Arenas Club de Getxo, first proposed the idea of a national league in Spain. After much debate about the size of the league and who would take part, the Real Federación Española de Fútbol eventually agreed on the ten teams who would form the first Primera División in 1929. Real Madrid, Barcelona, Athletic Bilbao, Real Sociedad, Arenas Club de Getxo and Real Unión were all selected as previous winners of the Copa del Rey. Atlético Madrid, Espanyol and Europa qualified as Copa del Rey runners-up and Racing de Santander qualified through a knockout competition. Only three of the founding clubs, Real Madrid, Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao, have never been relegated from the Primera División.

The 1930s

Although Barcelona won the very first Liga in 1929 and Real Madrid won their first titles in 1932 and 1933, it was Athletic Bilbao that set the early pace winning Primera División in 1930, 1931, 1934 and 1936. They were also runners-up in 1932 and 1933. In 1935, Real Betis, then known as Betis Balompié, won their only title to date. Primera División was suspended during the Spanish Civil War.

In 1937, the teams in the Republican area of Spain, with the notable exception of the two Madrid clubs, competed in the Mediterranean League and Barcelona emerged as champions. Seventy years later, on 28 September 2007, Barcelona requested the RFEF to recognise that title as a Liga title. This action was taken after RFEF was asked to recognise Levante FC's Copa de la España Libre win as equivalent to Copa del Rey trophy. Nevertheless, the governing body of Spanish football has not made an outright decision yet.

The 1940s

When the Primera División resumed after the Spanish Civil War, it was Atlético Aviación (nowadays Atlético Madrid), Valencia, and Sevilla that initially emerged as the strongest clubs. Atlético were only awarded a place during the 1939–40 season as a replacement for Real Oviedo, whose ground had been damaged during the war. The club subsequently won their first Liga title and retained it in 1941. While other clubs lost players to exile, execution, and as casualties of the war, the Atlético team was reinforced by a merger. The young, pre-war squad of Valencia had also remained intact and in the post-war years matured into champions, gaining three Liga titles in 1942, 1944, and 1947. They were also runners-up in 1948 and 1949. Sevilla also enjoyed a brief golden era, finishing as runners-up in 1940 and 1942 before winning their only title to date in 1946. By the latter part of the decade, Barcelona began to emerge as a force when they were crowned champions in 1945, 1948 and 1949.

Alfredo Di Stéfano, Puskás, Kubala and Suárez

Although Atlético Madrid, previously known as Atlético Aviación, were champions in 1950 and 1951 under catenaccio mastermind Helenio Herrera, the 1950s saw the beginning of the Barcelona/Real Madrid dominance. During the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s, there were strict limits imposed on foreign players. In most cases, clubs could only have three foreign players in their squads, meaning that at least eight local players had to play in every game. During the 1950s, however, these rules were circumvented by Real Madrid and Barcelona, who naturalized Alfredo Di Stéfano, Ferenc Puskás, and Ladislav Kubala. Inspired by Kubala, Barça won the title in 1952 and 1953. Di Stéfano, Puskás, and Francisco Gento formed the nucleus of the Real Madrid team that dominated the second half of the 1950s. Madrid won the first division for the first time as Real Madrid in 1954 and retained its title in 1955. They were winners again in 1957 and 1958, with only Athletic Bilbao interrupting their sequence. During this period, Real Madrid also won an unprecedented five consecutive European Cups. Barcelona, with a team coached by Helenio Herrera and featuring Luis Suárez, won the title in 1959 and 1960.

The Madrid years

Between 1961 and 1980, Real Madrid dominated the Primera División, being crowned champions 14 times, although their only European Cup triumph during this era came in 1966, a sharp contrast to their five successive victories in the competition starting with the first final in 1956.

This included a five-in-a-row sequence from 1961 to 1965 and two three-in-a-row sequences (1967–1969 and 1978–1980). During this era, only Atlético Madrid offered Real Madrid any serious challenge, adding four more titles to their tally in 1966, 1970, 1973, and 1977. Of the other clubs, only Valencia in 1971 and the Johan Cruyff-inspired Barcelona of 1974 managed to break the dominance of Real Madrid.

The 1980s

The Madrid winning sequence was ended more significantly in 1981 when Real Sociedad won their first-ever title. They retained it in 1982 and their two in a row was followed by another by their fellow Basques Athletic Bilbao, who won back-to-back titles in 1983 and 1984. Terry Venables led Barcelona to a solitary title in 1985 before Real Madrid won again another five in a row sequence (1986–1990) with a team guided by Leo Beenhakker and including Hugo Sánchez and the legendary La Quinta del Buitre – Emilio Butragueño, Manolo Sanchís, Martín Vázquez, Míchel and Miguel Pardeza.

The 1990s

Johan Cruyff returned to Barcelona as manager in 1988, and assembled the legendary Dream Team. Cruyff introduced players like Pep Guardiola, José Mari Bakero, Txiki Begiristain, Andoni Goikoetxea, Ronald Koeman, Michael Laudrup, Romário and Hristo Stoichkov. This team won Primera División four times between 1991 and 1994 and won the European Cup in 1992. Laudrup then moved to arch-rivals Real Madrid, and helped them end Barcelona's run in 1995. Atlético Madrid won their ninth Primera División title in 1996 before Real Madrid added another Liga trophy to their cabinet in 1997. After the success of Cruyff, another Dutchman – Ajax manager Louis van Gaal – arrived at the Camp Nou, and with the talents of Luís Figo, Luis Enrique, and Rivaldo, Barcelona again won the title in 1998 and 1999.

The 2000s

As Primera División entered a new century, the Big Two of Real Madrid and Barcelona found themselves facing new challengers. Between 1993 and 2004, Deportivo La Coruña finished in the top three on ten occasions, a better record than either Real Madrid or Barcelona, and in 2000, under Javier Irureta, they became the ninth team to be crowned champions. Real Madrid won two more Liga titles in 2001 and 2003 and also the UEFA Champions League in 2000 and 2002, and won their 30th league title in 2007 after a three-year drought. They were challenged by a re-emerging Valencia in both competitions. Under the management of Héctor Cúper, Valencia finished as Champions League runners-up in 2000 and 2001. His successor, Rafael Benítez, built on this and led the club to a Liga title in 2002 and winning the double with a league title and the UEFA Cup in 2004. The 2004–05 season saw a resurgent Barcelona, inspired by the brilliant Ronaldinho, win their first title of the new century, in addition to the Liga-Champions League double in 2005–06. With world-class players like Raúl, Ruud van Nistelrooy and Gonzalo Higuaín, Real Madrid won back-to-back La Liga titles in 2006–07 and 2007–08 season. Under Pep Guardiola's Dream Team, powered by La Masia talents such as Lionel Messi, Xavi and Andrés Iniesta, Barcelona added three straight Liga titles (2008–09, 2009–10 and 2010–11).

The 2010s

In the 2011–12 season, Real Madrid won its 32nd title under the management of José Mourinho with a record-breaking points tally of 100, a record 121 number of goals scored, most overall (32) and away (16) wins in a single season in La Liga history. Barcelona coach Tito Vilanova matched the 100-point record a year later in 2012–13 while battling terminal cancer. Atlético Madrid won the 2013–14 title, their first in 18 years, and the first title in ten years that Real Madrid or Barcelona had not won. Barcelona won the 2014–15 season as well as the 2015–16 season resulting in 6 titles in 8 years. Real Madrid have brought back the La Liga title under the management of Zinedine Zidane for the 2016–17 season.

Teams

A total of 20 teams contest the league in its current season, including 17 sides from the 2016–17 season and three promoted from the 2016–17 Segunda División. These are two clubs promoted directly from that division (Levante and Girona), and the winner of the play-offs, Getafe.

Stadiums and locations

Team	Location	Stadium	Capacity
Alavés	Vitoria-Gasteiz	Mendizorrotza	7004198400000000000♠19,840[7]
Athletic Bilbao	Bilbao	San Mamés	7004532890000000000♠53,289[8]
Atlético Madrid	Madrid	Wanda Metropolitano	7004680000000000000♠68,000[9]
Barcelona	Barcelona	Camp Nou	7004993540000000000♠99,354[10]
Celta Vigo	Vigo	Balaídos	7004290000000000000♠29,000[11]
Deportivo La Coruña	A Coruña	Abanca-Riazor	7004329120000000000♠32,912[12]
Eibar	Eibar	Ipurua	7003708300000000000♠7,083[13]
Espanyol	Barcelona	RCDE Stadium	7004405000000000000♠40,500[14]
Getafe	Getafe	Coliseum Alfonso Pérez	7004170000000000000♠17,000[15]
Girona	Girona	Montilivi	7004135000000000000♠13,500[16]
Las Palmas	Las Palmas	Gran Canaria	7004331110000000000♠33,111[17]
Leganés	Leganés	Butarque	7004109220000000000♠10,922[18]
Levante	Valencia	Ciutat de València	7004263540000000000♠26,354[19]
Málaga	Málaga	La Rosaleda	7004300440000000000♠30,044[20]
Real Betis	Seville	Benito Villamarín	7004607200000000000♠60,720[21]
Real Madrid	Madrid	Santiago Bernabéu	7004810440000000000♠81,044[22]
Real Sociedad	San Sebastián	Anoeta	7004320000000000000♠32,000[23]
Sevilla	Seville	Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán	7004427140000000000♠42,714[24]
Valencia	Valencia	Mestalla	7004495000000000000♠49,500[25]
Villarreal	Villarreal	Estadio de la Cerámica	7004248900000000000♠24,890[26]

La Liga clubs in Europe

The Primera División is currently first in the UEFA rankings of European leagues based on their performances in European competitions over a five-year period, ahead of Germany's Bundesliga in second and England's Premier League in third.^[27]

Real Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia are in the top ten most successful clubs in European football in terms of total European trophies. These three clubs, along with Sevilla and Atlético Madrid, are five of the most successful teams in European competition history; these five are the only Spanish clubs to have won five or more international trophies. Deportivo La Coruña are the fifth-most participating Spanish team in the Champions League — after Real Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia and Atletico Madrid — with five Champions League appearances in a row, including a semifinal appearance in 2003–04.^[28]

In 2005–06, Barcelona won the Champions League and Sevilla won the UEFA Cup, making the La Liga the first league to do the European "double" since 1997. On 25 August 2015, La Liga became the only league to classify five teams for the UEFA Champions League group stage (Atlético Madrid, Barcelona, Real Madrid, Sevilla and Valencia).

Champions

Performance by club

Teams	Winners	Runners-up	Winning seasons
Real Madrid	33	23	1931–32, 1932–33, 1953–54, 1954–55, 1956–57, 1957–58, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1962–63, 1963–64, 1964–65, 1966–67, 1967–68, 1968–69, 1971–72, 1974–75, 1975–76, 1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89, 1989–90, 1994–95, 1996–97, 2000–01, 2002–03, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2011–12, 2016–17
Barcelona	24	25	1928–29, 1944–45, 1947–48, 1948–49, 1951–52, 1952–53, 1958–59, 1959–60, 1973–74, 1984–85, 1990–91, 1991–92, 1992–93, 1993–94, 1997–98, 1998–99, 2004–05, 2005–06, 2008–09, 2009–10, 2010–11, 2012–13, 2014–15, 2015–16
Atlético Madrid	10	8	1939–40, 1940–41, 1949–50, 1950–51, 1965–66, 1969–70, 1972–73, 1976–77, 1995–96, 2013–14
Athletic Bilbao	8	7	1929–30, 1930–31, 1933–34, 1935–36, 1942–43, 1955–56, 1982–83, 1983–84
Valencia	6	6	1941–42, 1943–44, 1946–47, 1970–71, 2001–02, 2003–04
Real Sociedad	2	3	1980–81, 1981–82
Deportivo La Coruña	1	5	1999–00
Sevilla	1	4	1945–46
Real Betis	1	0	1934–35

All-time La Liga table

The All-time La Liga table^[29] is an overall record of all match results, points, and goals of every team that has played in La Liga since its inception in 1929. The table is accurate as of the end of the 2016–17 season.^[30] Teams in bold are part of the 2017–18 La Liga.

Pos	Team	S	Pts	GP	W	D	L	GF	GA	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	T	Debut	Since/ Last App	Best
1	Real Madrid	86	4385	2762	1647	552	563	5947	3140	33	23	8	8	3	4	79	1929	1929	1
2	Barcelona	86	4262	2762	1581	560	621	5900	3114	24	25	12	12	4	6	83	1929	1929	1
3	Atlético Madrid	80	3442	2614	1241	598	775	4534	3309	10	8	16	9	7	6	56	1929	2002–03	1
4	Valencia	82	3386	2664	1187	616	861	4398	3469	6	6	10	11	10	7	50	1931–32	1987–88	1
5	Athletic Bilbao	86	3368	2762	1209	633	920	4631	3700	8	7	10	5	8	10	49	1929	1929	1
6	Sevilla	73	2819	2408	990	531	887	3680	3373	1	4	4	5	12	6	32	1934–35	2001–02	1
7	Espanyol	82	2792	2626	948	608	1070	3609	3889	–	–	4	5	2	5	16	1929	1994–95	3
8	Real Sociedad	70	2573	2302	864	577	861	3228	3230	2	3	2	5	4	3	19	1929	2010–11	1
9	Zaragoza	58	2109	1986	698	522	766	2683	2847	–	1	4	5	4	4	18	1939–40	2012–13	2
10	Betis	51	1884	1728	606	440	682	2159	2492	1	–	2	3	4	4	14	1932–33	2015–16	1
11	Deportivo	45	1814	1530	563	392	575	2052	2188	1	5	4	1	–	1	12	1941–42	2014–15	1
12	Celta Vigo	51	1789	1698	586	389	723	2278	2624	–	–	–	2	4	5	11	1939–40	2012–13	4
13	Valladolid	42	1471	1466	463	384	619	1767	2180	–	–	–	1	1	1	3	1948–49	2013–14	4
14	Racing Santander	44	1416	1428	453	336	639	1843	2368	–	1	1	2	–	1	5	1929	2011–12	2
15	Sporting Gijón	43	1389	1458	471	358	629	1753	2152	–	1	1	2	2	1	7	1944–45	2015–16	2
16	Osasuna	37	1351	1318	426	327	565	1500	1834	–	–	–	2	2	2	6	1935–36	2016–17	4
17	Oviedo	38	1174	1192	408	292	492	1642	1951	–	–	3	2	2	4	11	1933–34	2000–01	3
18	Mallorca	27	1148	988	333	256	399	1182	1371	–	–	2	–	2	1	5	1960–61	2012–13	3
19	Las Palmas	33	1020	1096	367	242	487	1347	1746	–	1	1	1	1	1	5	1951–52	2015–16	2
20	Villarreal	17	970	646	266	172	208	892	789	–	1	1	2	3	2	9	1998–99	2013–14	2
21	Málaga	16	771	608	204	159	245	755	837	–	–	–	1	–	1	2	1999–00	2008–09	4
22	Granada	23	667	742	218	175	349	819	1157	–	–	–	–	–	2	2	1941–42	2011–12	6
23	Rayo Vallecano	17	662	652	189	148	305	760	1088	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1977–78	2015–16	8
24	Elche	21	606	678	203	180	295	750	1022	–	–	–	–	1	1	2	1959–60	2014–15	5
25	Getafe	12	553	456	147	112	197	520	633	–	–	–	–	–	1	1	2004–05	2015–16	6
26	CD Málaga	20	543	647	186	171	290	666	926	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1949–50	1989–90	7
27	Hércules	20	538	628	184	149	295	716	1050	–	–	–	–	1	4	5	1935–36	2010–11	5
28	Tenerife	13	510	494	155	128	211	619	744	–	–	–	–	2	–	2	1961–62	2009–10	5
29	Murcia	18	445	586	145	143	298	607	992	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1940–41	2007–08	11
30	Alavés	12	421	380	125	81	174	458	623	–	–	–	–	–	1	1	1930–31	2016–17	6
31	Levante	11	416	402	113	95	194	430	632	–	–	–	–	–	1	1	1963–64	2015–16	6
32	Salamanca	12	375	423	123	102	198	422	581	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1974–75	1998–99	7
33	Sabadell	14	353	426	129	95	202	492	720	–	–	–	1	1	–	2	1943–44	1987–88	4
34	Cádiz	12	343	448	104	127	217	393	662	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1977–78	2005–06	12
35	Logroñés	9	293	346	96	92	158	291	489	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1987–88	1996–97	7
36	Castellón	11	285	334	103	79	152	419	588	–	–	–	1	2	–	3	1941–42	1990–91	4
37	Albacete	7	277	270	76	76	118	320	410	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1991–92	2004–05	7
38	Almería	6	242	228	62	56	110	244	366	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2007–08	2014–15	8
39	Córdoba	9	230	282	82	63	137	285	430	–	–	–	–	1	–	1	1962–63	2014–15	5
40	Compostela	4	190	160	52	45	63	199	241	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1994–95	1997–98	10
41	Recreativo	5	188	186	50	46	90	202	296	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1978–79	2008–09	8
42	Burgos CF	6	168	204	59	50	95	216	310	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1971–72	1979–80	12
43	Pontevedra	6	150	180	53	44	83	165	221	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1963–64	1969–70	7
44	Numancia	4	148	152	37	37	78	155	253	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1999–00	2008–09	17
45	Eibar	3	132	114	35	27	52	139	167	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2014–15	2014–15	10
46	Arenas	7	107	130	43	21	66	227	308	–	–	1	–	3	–	4	1929	1934–35	3
47	Real Burgos	3	96	114	26	44	44	101	139	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1990–91	1992–93	9
48	Gimnàstic	4	91	116	34	16	66	181	295	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1947–48	2006–07	7
49	Extremadura	2	83	80	20	23	37	62	117	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1996–97	1998–99	17
50	Mérida	2	81	80	19	24	37	70	115	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1995–96	1997–98	19
51	Alcoyano	4	76	108	30	16	62	145	252	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1945–46	1950–51	10
52	Jaén	3	71	90	29	13	48	121	183	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1953–54	1957–58	14
53	Real Unión	4	56	72	21	14	37	153	184	–	–	–	–	–	1	1	1929	1931–32	6
54	AD Almería	2	52	68	17	18	33	71	116	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1979–80	1980–81	10
55	Europa	3	42	54	18	6	30	97	131	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1929	1930–31	8
56	Lleida	2	40	68	13	14	41	70	182	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1950–51	1993–94	16
57	Leganés	1	35	38	8	11	19	36	55	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2016–17	2016–17	17
58	Xerez	1	34	38	8	10	20	38	66	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2009–10	2009–10	20
59	Condal	1	22	30	7	8	15	37	57	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1956–57	1956–57	16
60	Atlético Tetuán	1	19	30	7	5	18	51	85	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1951–52	1951–52	16
61	Cultural Leonesa	1	14	30	5	4	21	34	65	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	1955–56	1955–56	15
62	Girona	1	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	2017–18	2017–18	–

League or status at 2015–16:

	2015–16 La Liga
	2015–16 Segunda División
	2015–16 Segunda División B
	2015–16 Tercera División
	2015–16 Divisiones Regionales
	To be determined
	Clubs that no longer exist

Players

Eligibility of non-EU players

In La Liga, players can claim citizenship from the nation their ancestors came from. If a player does not have European ancestry, he can claim Spanish citizenship after playing in Spain for five years. Sometimes, this can lead to a triple-citizenship situation; for example, Leo Franco, who was born in Argentina, is of Italian heritage yet can claim a Spanish passport, having played in La Liga for over five years.

In addition, players from the ACP countries — countries in Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific that are signatories to the Cotonou Agreement — are not counted against non-EU quotas due to the Kolpak ruling.

Individual awards

Until the season 2008–09, no official awards for individuals in La Liga existed. Following the 2008–09 season, the Liga de Fútbol Profesional (LFP) governing body sanctioned LFP Awards to player individuals. Additional awards relating to La Liga are distributed, some are sanctioned by the LFP or the Royal Spanish Football Federation (RFEF) and therefore not regarded as official.

The most notable of these are four awarded by Spain's biggest sports paper, Marca, namely the Pichichi Trophy, awarded to the top scorer of the season; the Ricardo Zamora Trophy for the goalkeeper with the least "goals-to-games" ratio; the Trofeo Alfredo di Stéfano, for the player judged to be the best overall player in the division; and the Zarra Trophy, awarded to the Spanish domestic player with the highest goal total in La Liga.

Since the 2013–14 season, La Liga also awards the monthly Manager of the Month and Player of the Month awards.

Transfers

The first La Liga player to be involved in a transfer which broke the world record was Luis Suárez in 1961, who moved from Barcelona to Internazionale for £152,000. Twelve years later, Johan Cruyff was the first player to join a La Liga club for a record fee, £922,000 from Ajax to Barcelona. In 1982, Barcelona again set the record by signing Diego Maradona from Boca Juniors for £3 million.^[31] Real Betis set the world record in 1998 when they signed Denílson from São Paulo for £21.5 million.^[32]

Four of the last six world transfer records have been set by Real Madrid, signing Luís Figo, Zinedine Zidane, Cristiano Ronaldo and finally in 2013 Gareth Bale, who was bought for £85.3 million (€103.4 million / $140 million) from Tottenham Hotspur.

Player records

Top scorers

As of matches played 21 May 2017

Rank	Nat	Name	Club	Years	Goals	Apps	Ratio
1		Lionel Messi	Barcelona	2004–	349	382	0.9
2		Cristiano Ronaldo	Real Madrid	2009–	285	265	1.2
3		Telmo Zarra	Athletic Bilbao	1940–1955	251	278	0.9
4		Hugo Sánchez	Atlético Madrid, Real Madrid & Rayo Vallecano	1981–1994	234	347	0.7
5		Raúl	Real Madrid	1994–2010	228	550	0.4
6		Alfredo di Stéfano	Real Madrid & Espanyol	1953–1966	227	329	0.7
7		César Rodríguez	Granada, Barcelona, Cultural Leonesa & Elche	1939–1955	223	353	0.6
8		Quini	Sporting Gijón & Barcelona	1970–1987	219	448	0.5
9		Pahiño	Celta, Real Madrid & Deportivo	1943–1956	210	278	0.8
10		Edmundo Suárez	Valencia & Alcoyano	1939–1950	195	231	0.8

Most appearances

As of 16 May 2016

Rank	Nat	Name	Years	Apps	Goals
1		Andoni Zubizarreta	1981–1998	622	0
2		Raúl	1994–2010	550	228
3		Eusebio Sacristán	1983–2002	543	36
4		Francisco Buyo	1980–1997	542	0
5		Manuel Sanchís	1983–2001	523	32
6		Iker Casillas	1999–2015	510	0
7		Xavi	1998–2015	505	58
8		Miquel Soler	1983–2003	504	12
9		Fernando Hierro	1987–2003	497	104
10		José Mari Bakero	1980–1997	483	139

Sponsors

• Banco Santander
• Nike, Inc
• Mahou
• TAG Heuer
• EA Sports
• Samsung
• Sportium
• STIHL
• Mazda
• Groupe Danone
• Air Europa
• Marqués del Atrio
• Cola Cao
• Kalise Menorquina
• Tourism Malaysia

See also

• Football records in Spain
• List of football clubs in Spain
• List of foreign La Liga players
• List of La Liga broadcasters
• List of La Liga stadiums
• List of attendance figures at domestic professional sports leagues
• Sports broadcasting contracts in Spain

Notes

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to La Liga.

• (in English) Liga Nacional de Fútbol Profesional
• (in Spanish) Royal Spanish Football Federation