Premier Development League

Premier Development League
Founded 1995 (1995)
Country United States
Other club(s) from Canada
Confederation US Soccer
Divisions 10 in 4 Conferences
Number of teams 72
Level on pyramid 4 (US), 4 (CA)
Domestic cup(s) Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup
Current champions Charlotte Eagles
(2017)
Most championships Michigan Bucks (3 titles)
Website uslpdl.com
2017 PDL season
PDL logo used until 2010
PDL logo used until 2015

The Premier Development League (commonly known as the PDL) is a development league sponsored by United Soccer Leagues in the United States and Canada, forming part of the United States soccer league system. The league has 72 teams competing in four conferences, split into ten regional divisions. Unofficially, it is considered to be the fourth tier of competition, behind Major League Soccer, the North American Soccer League and the United Soccer League. With USL Pro re-branding as the United Soccer League in February 2015, the PDL dropped the "USL" descriptor from their name, simply operating as the "Premier Development League".

The Charlotte Eagles are the current PDL champions, having defeated the Thunder Bay Chill 2–1 in the 2017 PDL Championship game on August 5, 2017.

Competition format

The Premier Development League, as of the 2016 season, is divided into 4 conferences (Eastern, Southern, Central, and Western), comprising 10 divisions. The league season runs from May through July, with the playoffs decided through July and August. Most divisions aim to play a balanced regular season schedule of between 12-14 games in a round-robin home and away format, with the top 2-3 teams of each division advancing to the playoffs.

Playoffs

The PDL Playoffs see most regular season division champions earn automatic byes into the Conference Semi-finals, with some second and third place division runners-up competing in single match elimination Divisional Qualifiers. All matches in the PDL Playoffs are played in single match elimination format, with the higher seeded team hosting the match, until a Champion is decided at a predetermined neutral location for a playoff weekend, in which both the Semi-final and Championship matches are played.

History

1990s

In 1995 the United States Interregional Soccer League (USISL) changed its name to the United States International Soccer League, and split into two leagues, one professional (the 'Professional League', which ultimately became the USL Second Division) and one amateur (the 'Premier League'). The purpose for the split was to expand into and improve the soccer capabilities of many urban areas throughout the United States and Canada, while offering current college soccer players the opportunity to continue playing during the summer months without losing their college eligibility. The inaugural season of the new USISL Premier League featured 27 teams, and the Richmond Kickers won the first title, beating the Cocoa Expos 3–1 in the championship game.[1] Gabe Jones of the Austin Lone Stars was the league's top scorer and MVP.

The United States International Soccer League changed its name again in 1996, to the United Systems of Independent Soccer Leagues, and before the season, there was substantial movement of teams between the Pro League, the Premier League and the newly created Select League (which would later merge with the A-League, and eventually become the USL First Division). The Premier League grew to 34 teams in its second year, with the Central Coast Roadrunners from San Luis Obispo, California beating the San Francisco Bay Seals in the championship game to take the title.[2] Pasi Kinturi of the Nashville Metros was the league's top scorer and MVP.

Brian Ching was the PDL Rookie of the Year in 1998

The Premier League renamed itself the Premier Development Soccer League (PDSL) in 1997, and the Central Coast Roadrunners repeated as national champions, the first team to do so, beating the Cocoa Expos in the PDSL championship game.[3] Lester Felicia of the Jackson Chargers was the league's MVP, while Rodrigo Costa of the Detroit Dynamite was the leading scorer and the league's Rookie of the Year, tallying 21 goals and 2 assists for 44 points. In 1998 the PDSL took to the field with 33 teams, including four associate members from the Pacific Coast Soccer League who played shortened schedules after their PCSL season was over. In the championship game the San Gabriel Valley Highlanders upset regular season champions Jackson Chargers 3–2, taking the trophy to California for the third straight year. Rodrigo Costa of the Detroit Dynamite was the league MVP, Boniventure Manati of the Jackson Chargers was the league's top scorer, and a young striker by the name of Brian Ching from the Spokane Shadow was named Rookie of the Year.[4]

In 1999 the umbrella USISL changed its name to the United Soccer Leagues, and the Premier Development Soccer League dropped the 'soccer' part of its name and became known as the United Soccer Leagues Premier Development League, or PDL. The league took in several teams from the D3Pro league, expanding to 42 teams in six divisions. Expansion franchise Chicago Sockers ultimately won the league, beating Spokane Shadow 3–1 for the title in a tight championship game. Fabio Eidenwein of the Sioux City Breeze was named League MVP and was the top scorer, with 20 goals.[5]

2000s

The PDL expanded by a further eight franchises in 2000, and the Chicago Sockers won their second straight title, beating the Mid-Michigan Bucks in a close 1–0 championship game. The single goal was scored by Rodrigo Costa who, having received a pass from teammate Hamid Mehreioskouei, chipped Bucks goalkeeper Eric Pogue from 18 yards through a crowded penalty area. Fernando Salazar of the Los Angeles-based San Fernando Valley Heroes was the league's MVP, while his teammate Arshak Abyanli took the honors as top goalscorer.[6]

The league grew from 41 to 44 teams in 2001 through the usual mix of relegation from D3Pro, teams folding and new franchises being added. In the semi-finals, the Westchester Flames defeated Sioux Falls Spitfire 5–1 and Calgary Storm defeated Des Moines Menace 2–1; in the final, Westchester defeated Calgary 3–1 to take their first league title.[7] Des Moines and Chicago Fire Reserves dominated the 2002 regular season, but both teams stuttered in the playoffs; the PDL final saw the Cape Cod Crusaders defeating the Boulder Rapids Reserve 2–1 to bring the title to the Northeast for the second year in a row. 2002 also saw the debut of the soon-to-be PDL legend, Tomas Boltnar of Des Moines Menace, who secured an unprecedented triple-crown of PDL MVP, Top Scorer and Rookie of the Year.[8]

The mid-2000s was a period of steady growth and consolidation for the PDL. A TV agreement with Fox Soccer Channel saw the PDL Championship game being broadcast live on national television in North America for the first time, and professional teams began investing in the league by adding U-23 development sides as an addition to their senior rosters. Cape Cod repeated as PDL champs in 2003, beating the Chicago Fire Reserves in the final[9] (and despite the presence of Jürgen Klinsmann playing for Orange County Blue Star), while 2004 saw the title head to Florida for the first time as the Central Florida Kraze overcame perennial bridesmaids Boulder Rapids Reserve.[10]

Des Moines Menace took the PDL Championship trophy back to Iowa in 2005 after beating the El Paso Patriots 6–5 on penalty kicks, following a 0–0 draw in the PDL Championship game.[11][12] 2006 saw the beginning of two seasons of dominance for two teams: the Michigan Bucks and the Laredo Heat. Both teams made the PDL Final in 2006 and 2007, with the Bucks emerging victorious in '06 with a 2–1 win thanks to goals by Kenny Uzoigwe and Ty Shipalane,[13][14] only for Laredo to get their revenge the following year with an epic penalty kicks win after a 0–0 tie in regulation time.

Laredo became the first team to make three consecutive PDL championship games in 2008, but fell at the final hurdle to Thunder Bay Chill, who became the first ever Canadian side to win the PDL following their 4–1 penalty shootout victory.[15] The PDL had grown to 68 teams by 2009, and to reflect their growing reputation, introduced a new scheme called PDL-Pro, whereby certain teams would be allowed to act as professional clubs, paying players, while still adhering to NCAA collegiate eligibility rules, and the USL's own age restriction policy. Ventura County Fusion returned the PDL title to Southern California for the first time in over a decade with a stoppage-time victory over Chicago Fire Premier, and in doing so became the lowest-seeded team to claim the national title.[16]

Locations of USL PDL franchises. Blue = Eastern Conference, Orange = Southern, Green = Central, Red = Western

2010s

The 2010s began with a record, as the Portland Timbers U23s ended the season as national champions, beating Thunder Bay Chill 4–1 in the 2010 PDL Championship game.[17] The Timbers also had the best regular season record, winning all their 16 games, scoring 53 goals and conceding just six along the way. In doing so the Timbers became the first team to post a perfect PDL regular season record since the Jackson Chargers in 1998,[18] the first regular season champion to win the playoffs since the Central Coast Roadrunners in 1996, and the first team in PDL history to go through an entire PDL regular season and playoff campaign without posting a loss or a tie. Portland Timbers U23s striker Brent Richards was named League MVP and Rookie of the Year for his stellar campaign with the national champions. Players from Canadian side Thunder Bay Chill led the majority of the statistical categories, with striker Brandon Swartzendruber leading the league with 15 goals, while his teammate Gustavo Oliveira led the league with 13 assists. Portland Timbers U23s goalkeeper Jake Gleeson enjoyed the best goalkeeping statistics, allowing just five goals in 15 games and earning with a 0.360 GAA average.[19]

Western Conference teams dominated the league in 2011 for the third year in a row, with the Kitsap Pumas ending the season as national champions, beating Laredo Heat 1–0 in the 2011 PDL Championship game. Kitsap, who lost just one game and conceded just ten goals all season, were the second team from the Northwest Division to win the national title in a row, while Laredo were contesting their fourth championship game in six years. Interestingly, Kitsap also were the first PDL-Pro team to win the championship, a milestone for the league. Kitsap's Western Conference rivals Fresno Fuego had the best regular-season record, posting an unbeaten 13–0–3 record. Fresno midfielder Milton Blanco was named League MVP, after leading the league in points (38) and assists (14) and helping his team to the Southwest Division title. Two Michigan Bucks players – Stewart Givens and Mitch Hildebrandt – were given end-of-season awards as Defender of the Year and Goalkeeper of the Year respectively, while their coach Gary Parsons was named Coach of the Year. Jake Keegan of the Westchester Flames was named Rookie of the Year after tallying 16 goals in 16 games to take the league goal-scoring crown. Keegan accounted for 64 percent of Westchester's goals in 2011 and also finished third in the league in points with 34.[20]

The 2012 PDL season would see a resurgence of the Eastern Conference, as the Michigan Bucks would claim the regular season title, with Canadian rivals Forest City London winning their first ever PDL Championship in an East coast contest, defeating Carolina Dynamo 2–1.[21] Canadian clubs would also have another strong season in 2013, with four of eight Canadian clubs finishing in the final eight and two, the Victoria Highlanders and Thunder Bay Chill, advancing to the semi-finals.[22] After a final four finish in 2012, The Chill would repeat their strong season, winning the 2013 regular season title but falling to the Austin Aztex in the Championship final 3–1 in front of a crowd of 4,253 fans, the largest attendance for a final since 2007.[23][24]

In 2014, the Michigan Bucks would claim their second PDL Championship, defeating the Kitsap Pumas 1-0 on August 3, 2014, following a strong regular season campaign with a record of 9-2-3.[25]

With USL Pro re-branding as the United Soccer League in February 2015,[26] the PDL dropped the "USL" descriptor from their name, simply operating as the "Premier Development League".

The 2015 season would see league newcomers, New York Red Bulls U-23, put forth a very strong showing, finishing first in the Mid Atlantic Division and making it all the way to the Championship Final, before falling to the lower-seeded K-W United FC, who emerged from the very competitive Great Lakes Division, fending off perennial contenders and rivals Forest City London and the defending champions Michigan Bucks on their path to the final. United would come away winners 4-3 over the Red Bulls on August 3, 2015 at Starfire Stadium in Tukwila, Washington to claim their first ever Championship and the third for a Canadian club.[27][28]

Organization

As PDL seasons take place during the summer months, the player pool is drawn mainly from elite NCAA college soccer and NAIA college soccer players seeking to continue playing high-level soccer during their summer break, which they can do while still maintaining their college eligibility, as the PDL is not considered a "professional" league.[29]

In recent years, teams such as Laredo Heat, New Orleans Jesters, Vancouver Whitecaps FC U-23, Kitsap Pumas and the Hollywood United Hitmen have been embracing at least partial professionalism through a new program called PDL-Pro, whereby teams can choose to employ players who are paid for their performances,[30] but who still meet the age eligibility criteria. This does not contravene NCAA rules, which state that college players cannot play alongside professionals, but may play against them. What this also means, however, is that PDL-Pro teams cannot have any active NCAA players on their rosters, but may employ NAIA and community college players, ex-NCAA players who have already graduated, or other local players who do not play college soccer at all.

In addition, PDL squads often also include standout high school and junior club players, as well as former professionals seeking to continue competing at a high level, often having been forced to retire from top flight competition due to age or injury. PDL rules dictate that a maximum of eight players on each team's 26-man roster can be over 23 years old, while at least three players on each team's roster must be 18 or younger.

Increasingly, the PDL is seen as a 'shop window' for professional clubs looking to discover and identify aspiring professional players who may enter the MLS SuperDraft in future years. Many of the players currently playing in Major League Soccer and elsewhere began their careers in the PDL.

Current clubs

Team Country City/area Stadium Founded Head coach
Eastern Conference
Mid Atlantic Division
Evergreen FC U.S. Leesburg, VA Evergreen Sportsplex 2015 Grady Renfrow
FA Euro New York U.S. Brooklyn, NY Belson Stadium 2012 Italy Joe Balsamo
Jersey Express S.C. U.S. Newark, NJ Williams Field 2007 England Julian Richens
Lehigh Valley United U.S. Allentown, PA J. Birney Crum Stadium 2009 Andy Adlard
New York Red Bulls U-23 U.S. Hanover, NJ Red Bull Training Facility 2009 Rob Elliott
Ocean City Nor'easters U.S. Ocean City, NJ Carey Stadium 1996 England John Thompson
Reading United AC U.S. Reading, PA Don Thomas Stadium 1996 Republic of Ireland Stephen Hogan
Northeast Division
AC Connecticut U.S. Danbury, CT Westside Athletic Complex 2011 Alex Harrison
FC Boston U.S. Waban, MA Alumni Field 2015 Republic of Ireland Brian Ainscough
GPS Portland Phoenix U.S. Portland, ME Memorial Stadium 2009 Craig Fannan
Long Island Rough Riders U.S. South Huntington, NY St. Anthony's High School 1994 Flavio Ferri
Seacoast United Phantoms U.S. Portsmouth, NH Portsmouth High School 1996 United States Stefano Franciosa
Westchester Flames U.S. New Rochelle, NY City Park Stadium 1999 Greece Gus Skoufis
Western Mass Pioneers U.S. Ludlow, MA Lusitano Stadium 1998 United States Joe Calabrese
South Atlantic Division
Carolina Dynamo U.S. Greensboro, NC Macpherson Stadium 1993 New Zealand Tony Falvino
Charlotte Eagles U.S. Charlotte, NC Restart Field 1991 United States Dave Dixon
Myrtle Beach Mutiny U.S. Myrtle Beach, SC Ashley Booth Field 2011 Kyle Russell
Nashville SC U23[31] U.S. Nashville, TN Vanderbilt Stadium 2016 Kyle Roelke
North Carolina FC U23[32] U.S. Cary, NC WakeMed Soccer Park 2017
Peachtree City MOBA U.S. Peachtree City, GA MOBA Soccer Academy 2016 Germany Volker Harms
SC United Bantams U.S. Greenwood, SC Lander Soccer Complex 2012 United States Eugene Van Taylor
South Georgia Tormenta FC U.S. Statesboro, GA Eagle Field 2016 United States Borja Pérez
Tobacco Road FC[33] U.S. Durham, NC Durham County Stadium 2013 Cedric Burke
Tri-Cities FC U.S. Johnson City, TN Kermit Tipton Stadium 2016 David Strickland
Wilmington Hammerheads FC[34] U.S. Wilmington, NC Varsity Soccer Stadium 1996 Kevin Johnson
Southern Conference
Mid South Division
Brazos Valley Cavalry F.C.[35] U.S. Bryan, TX Nutrabolt Stadium 2017 James Clarkson
FC Cleburne[36] U.S. Cleburne, TX The Depot at Cleburne Station 2017 Paul Davenport[37]
Houston FC[38] U.S. Houston, TX San Jacinto College 2017 United States Bruce Talbot
Oklahoma City Energy U23 U.S. Oklahoma City, OK Norman North High School 2015 England Chris Spendlove
Mississippi Brilla U.S. Clinton, MS Traceway Park 2006 Scotland Mark McKeever
Texas United[39] U.S. Grand Prairie, TX AirHogs Stadium 2017 Ryan Higginbotham
Southeast Division
IMG Academy Bradenton U.S. Bradenton, FL IMG Academy 1998 United States Scott Dean
Lakeland Tropics[40] U.S. Lakeland, FL Thomas W. Bryant Stadium 2017 Republic of Ireland Eoghan Conlon
FC Miami City U.S. Miami, FL Tropical Park Stadium 2014 Haiti Wagneau Eloi
Palm Beach Suns FC U.S. Boca Raton, FL Corey Lewis Stadium 2015 Brazil Edson Leivinha
SIMA Águilas[41] U.S. Montverde, FL Montverde Academy Center 2017
South Florida Surf U.S. Port St. Lucie, FL South County Regional Stadium 2017 Peter Fuller
Tampa Bay Rowdies U23[42] U.S. Tampa, FL Waters Soccer Complex 2017
The Villages SC U.S. Wildwood, FL Millennium Park 2016 Anderson DaSilva
Weston FC[43] U.S. Pembroke Pines, FL Broward College Soccer Field 2017
Central Conference
Great Lakes Division
Cincinnati Dutch Lions U.S. Cincinnati, OH NKU Soccer Stadium 2013 Netherlands Sid van Druenen
Dayton Dutch Lions U.S. West Carrollton, OH DOC Stadium 2009 England Marcus Rixon
Derby City Rovers U.S. Louisville, KY Woehrle Field 2010 Lee Chalmers
K-W United FC Canada Waterloo, ON University Stadium 2010 Canada Chris Pozniak
Michigan Bucks U.S. Pontiac, MI Ultimate Soccer Arenas 1995 United States Gary Parsons
West Virginia Chaos U.S. Charleston, WV Schoenbaum Stadium 2003 England Chris Grassie
Heartland Division
Chicago FC United U.S. Northfield, IL Northwestern Soccer Field 2017 United States Jamie Smith
Des Moines Menace U.S. Des Moines, IA Valley Stadium 1994 United States John Pascarella
Saint Louis FC U23 U.S. Collinsville, IL SLSG Collinsville Complex 1997 United States Armen Tonianse
St. Louis Lions U.S. St. Louis, MO Tony Glavin Soccer Complex 2006 Scotland Tony Glavin
Thunder Bay Chill Canada Thunder Bay, ON Chapples Park Stadium 2000 Italy Giovanni Petraglia
WSA Winnipeg Canada Winnipeg, MB John Scouras Field 2010 Romania Eduardo Badescu
Western Conference
Northwest Division
Calgary Foothills FC Canada Calgary, AB Calgary Soccer Centre 1972 England Tommy Wheeldon
Lane United FC U.S. Eugene, OR Willamalane Center 2013 United States John Galas
Portland Timbers U23s U.S. Salem, OR McCulloch Stadium 2008 United States Aaron Lewis
Seattle Sounders FC U-23 U.S. Tacoma, WA Franklin Pierce High School 2006 United States Darren Sawatzky
TSS FC Rovers[44] Canada Burnaby, BC Swangard Stadium 2017 Colin Elmes
Victoria Highlanders Canada Victoria, BC Royal Athletic Park 2008 Canada David Dew
Mountain Division
Albuquerque Sol FC U.S. Albuquerque, NM Ben Rios Field 2013 England Matt Gordon
FC Boulder U23[45] U.S. Boulder, CO Pleasant View Fields Sports Complex 2017 Guatemala Luis Swisher
BYU Cougars U.S. Provo, UT The Stadium at South Field 1995 United States Brandon Gillam
Colorado Rapids U23 U.S. Commerce City, CO Dick's Sporting Goods Park, Field #20 2017 United States Chris Martinez
FC Tucson U.S. Tucson, AZ Kino Veterans Memorial Stadium 2010 United States Jon Pearlman
Southwest Division
Burlingame Dragons FC U.S. Burlingame, CA Burlingame High School 2014 United States Joe Cannon
Fresno Fuego U.S. Fresno, CA Chukchansi Park 2003 United States Brian Zwaschka
FC Golden State Force U.S. Glendora, CA Citrus Stadium 2016 United States Jon Spencer
Orange County SC U-23 U.S. Costa Mesa, CA Vanguard University Stadium 2011 United States Chris Volk
San Diego Zest FC U.S. San Diego, CA James Madison High School 2016 Turkey Cem Tont
San Francisco City FC U.S. San Francisco, CA Negoesco Stadium 2001 England Paddy Coyne[46]
SoCal Surf[47] U.S. Carlsbad, CA Maffucci Field 2015 United States Cody Worden
Southern California Seahorses U.S. La Mirada, CA La Mirada High School 2001 United States Dave Irby
Ventura County Fusion U.S. Ventura, CA Ventura College 2006 United States Rudy Ybarra

Champions

Complete team list

Notable professional players with PDL experience

Many senior international players had their first taste of competitive league experience playing in the PDL. This list includes players who, after playing in the PDL, have achieved some kind of significant success as a professional soccer player – playing internationally for their country, playing in one of the world's top leagues (such as the Premier League in England), being a No. 1 draft pick, or winning a major award such as the MLS Rookie of the Year award or the MAC Hermann Trophy, which is awarded to the best college soccer player of a given year and is American soccer's equivalent of the Heisman Trophy.

Average attendance

Attendance stats are calculated by averaging each team's self-reported home attendances from the historical match archive at http://www.uslsoccer.com/history/index_E.html, and then averaging this league-wide.

References

  1. ↑ "United Soccer Leagues, Part 2 (1994–1996)". Homepages.sover.net. February 13, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  2. ↑ "The Year in American Soccer, 1996". Homepages.sover.net. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  3. ↑ "United Soccer Leagues, Part 3 (1997–1999)". Homepages.sover.net. February 13, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  4. ↑ "The Year in American Soccer, 1998". Homepages.sover.net. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  5. ↑ "The Year in American Soccer, 1999". Homepages.sover.net. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  6. ↑ "United Soccer Leagues, Part 4 (2000–2003)". Homepages.sover.net. February 14, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  7. ↑ "United Soccer Leagues, Part 4 (2000–2003)". Homepages.sover.net. February 14, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  8. ↑ "United Soccer Leagues, Part 4 (2000–2003)". Homepages.sover.net. February 14, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  9. ↑ "Cape Cod repeats as champion with 1–0 shutout of Chicago". Soccertimes.com. August 9, 2003. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  10. ↑ "Cook scores late to send Central Florida past Rapids Reserve for title". Soccertimes.com. August 7, 2004. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  11. ↑ "Des Moines captures PDL title in seven rounds of penalties". Pdl.uslsoccer.com. August 13, 2005. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  12. ↑ "Gruenebaum, Frieberg lead Menace past El Paso for title in penalty kicks". Soccertimes.com. August 13, 2005. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  13. ↑ "Uzoigwe, Shipalane power Michigan to first championship 2–1 over Heat". Soccertimes.com. August 12, 2006. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  14. ↑ Demosphere International, Inc. (August 12, 2006). "United Soccer Leagues (USL)". Uslsoccer.com. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  15. ↑ "Chill stay cool to win PDL title". Uslsoccer.com. August 9, 2008. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  16. ↑ "Fusion overcome Fire for PDL title". Uslsoccer.com. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  17. ↑ "Perfection in Portland". Pdl.uslsoccer.com. August 7, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  18. ↑ "Timbers Make History at Kitsap; Portland Becomes First Unblemished Team Since 1998". Uslsoccer.com. July 18, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  19. ↑ "Chill Dominate Season Honors". Pdl.uslsoccer.com. July 27, 2010. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  20. ↑ "Bucks Highlight PDL Award Winners". Uslsoccer.com. August 5, 2011. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  21. ↑ "FC London Claims PDL Championship". USLPDL.com. August 4, 2012. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
  22. ↑ "Canadian clubs turning heads with PDL success". WakingTheRed.com. July 29, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
  23. ↑ "Clubs set for PDL Championship". USLPDL.com. August 1, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
  24. ↑ "Aztex Claim PDL Championship". USLPDL.com. August 4, 2013. Retrieved February 15, 2014.
  25. ↑ Nicholas Mendola (August 3, 2014). "Michigan Bucks top Kitsap Pumas in PDL championship match". NBCSports.com. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  26. ↑ "USL Rising - United Soccer League". USLSoccer.com. February 10, 2015. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  27. ↑ Dave Rowaan (August 3, 2015). "KW United win club's first ever PDL Championship". WakingTheRed.com. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  28. ↑ Paul Kennedy (August 3, 2015). "Ontario's K-W United FC takes PDL crown". SoccerAmerica.com. Retrieved August 3, 2015.
  29. ↑ Bird, Liviu (July 24, 2012). "In the P.D.L., Looking Up From the Bottom of the Food Chain". The New York Times. New York Times Soccer Blog.
  30. ↑ "United Soccer Leagues (USL)". Pdl.uslsoccer.com. December 17, 2008. Retrieved February 28, 2012.
  31. ↑ http://www.uslpdl.com/news_article/show/698095?referrer_id=2242498
  32. ↑ "PDL Unveils North Carolina FC U23 as Expansion Franchise". Premier Development League. February 10, 2017. Retrieved February 10, 2017.
  33. ↑ "Tobacco Road FC Revealed as PDL Expansion Franchise". Premier Development League (PDL). November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
  34. ↑ "Wilmington Hammerheads FC Awarded PDL Franchise". Premier Development League (PDL). September 29, 2016. Retrieved September 29, 2016.
  35. ↑ "Premier Development League Soccer Headed to the Brazos Valley". Houston Dynamo. January 16, 2017. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  36. ↑ "Texas United, FC Cleburne Bolster Southern Conference". Premier Development League. February 9, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  37. ↑ http://www.uslpdl.com/page/show/3155364-fc-cleburne
  38. ↑ "Houston FC Named New PDL Franchise". Houston Dynamo. February 3, 2017. Retrieved February 3, 2017.
  39. ↑ "Texas United, FC Cleburne Bolster Southern Conference". Premier Development League. February 9, 2017. Retrieved February 9, 2017.
  40. ↑ "PDL Reveals Lakeland Tropics as Expansion Franchise". United Soccer League. September 19, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
  41. ↑ http://www.uslpdl.com/news_article/show/749959?referrer_id=2242498
  42. ↑ "Rowdies U23 to compete in USL's Premier Development League". Tampa Bay Rowdies. February 2, 2017. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
  43. ↑ "PDL Welcomes Weston FC as New Franchise". Weston FC. December 9, 2016. Retrieved February 2, 2017.
  44. ↑ TSS FC Rovers
  45. ↑ "PDL Awards FC Boulder Franchise Ahead of 2017 Season". Premier Development League (PDL). January 23, 2017. Retrieved January 23, 2017.
  46. ↑ http://sfcityfc.com/team/
  47. ↑ http://www.uslpdl.com/news_article/show/727305?referrer_id=2242498
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