Preet Bharara

Preet Bharara
United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York
In office
August 13, 2009 – March 11, 2017
President Barack Obama
Donald Trump
Preceded by Lev Dassin (acting)
Succeeded by Joon H. Kim (acting)[1]
Personal details
Born Preetinder Singh Bharara
(1968-10-13) October 13, 1968
Firozpur, Punjab, India
Residence Westchester County, New York, U.S.
Alma mater Harvard University
Columbia Law School

Preetinder Singh "Preet" Bharara (/priːt bəˈrɑːrə/; born October 13, 1968) is an American lawyer who served as U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York from 2009 to 2017. As U.S. Attorney, Bharara earned a reputation of a "crusader" prosecutor.[2][3] According to the New York Times, during his tenure he was one of "the nation's most aggressive and outspoken prosecutors of public corruption and Wall Street crime."[4] Under Bharara, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York prosecuted nearly 100 Wall Street executives for insider trading and other offenses.[5] He reached historic settlements and fines with the four largest banks in the United States,[6][7][8] and closed multibillion-dollar hedge funds for activities including insider trading.[9][10]

During Bharara's tenure, federal prosecutors also conducted public corruption investigations against Democratic and Republican officials, most notable securing convictions against the Speaker of the New York State Assembly, Sheldon Silver, and the Majority Leader of the State Senate, Dean Skelos.[4] One of Bharara's chief adversaries was Governor Andrew Cuomo, whom Bharara's office investigated.[11] Under Bharara, the U.S. Attorney's office was also known for its terrorism prosecutions and civil rights cases.[4] Bharara's office had international reach, pursuing defendants located in many countries outside the United States.[12]

On March 11, 2017, during increased national debate about the appointment of a special prosecutor to manage an investigation of links between the Trump 2016 campaign and Russia, Bharara was fired after he refused to follow Attorney General Jeff Sessions' request for all remaining 46 US Attorneys appointed during President Obama's administration to resign.[13][14] On April 1, 2017, Bharara joined the NYU School of Law faculty as a Distinguished Scholar in Residence.

Early life and career

Bharara was born in 1968 in Firozpur, Punjab, India to a Sikh father and Hindu mother.[15] His parents immigrated to the United States in 1970, and he grew up in Eatontown in suburban Monmouth County, New Jersey[16] and attended Ranney School in Tinton Falls, New Jersey where he graduated as valedictorian in 1986.[17][18] He received his A.B. (Bachelor of Arts) magna cum laude from Harvard College in 1990 and his J.D. from Columbia Law School in 1993 where he was a member of the Columbia Law Review.[15]

In 1993, Bharara joined the law firm of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher as a litigation associate. In 1996, Bharara joined the firm of Shereff, Friedman, Hoffman & Goodman, where he did white-collar defense work.[19] Bharara served as the chief counsel to Senator Chuck Schumer and played a leading role in the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary investigation into the firings of United States attorneys.[20] He was an assistant United States Attorney in Manhattan for five years bringing criminal cases against the bosses of the Gambino crime family, Colombo crime family and Asian gangs in New York City.[20][21][22]

U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York

Bharara was nominated to become U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York by President Barack Obama on May 15, 2009 and unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate. He was sworn into the position on August 13, 2009.[23] In September 2014, when Attorney General Eric Holder announced his intention to step down, Bharara was speculated as being a potential candidate as the next United States Attorney General.[24][25]

International investigations

Bharara's office sends out agents to more than 25 countries to investigate suspects of arms, narcotics traffickers and terrorists and brings them to Manhattan to face charges. One case involved Viktor Bout, an arms trafficker, who lived in Moscow and had a deal involving selling arms to Colombian terrorists. Bharara argues that this aggressive approach is necessary in post 9/11 era. Defense lawyers have criticized the stings calling Bharara's office "the Southern District of the World." They also argue that American citizens would not appreciate other countries' treating them in these ways. Countries have not always rushed to cooperate according to a review of secret State Department cables released by WikiLeaks.[12]

On April 13, 2013, Bharara was on a list released by the Russian Federation of Americans banned from entering the country over their alleged human rights violations. The list was a direct response to the so-called Magnitsky list revealed by the United States the day before.[26]

Financial crimes

Insider trading

In 2012, Bharara was featured on a cover of Time magazine entitled "This Man is Busting Wall Street" for his office's prosecutions of insider trading and other financial fraud on Wall Street.[27] From 2009 to 2012 (and ongoing), Bharara's office oversaw the Galleon Group insider trading investigation against Raj Rajaratnam, Rajat Gupta, Anil Kumar and 60+ others. Rajaratnam was convicted at trial on 14 counts related to insider trading.[28] Bharara is said to have "reaffirmed his office’s leading role in pursuing corporate crime with this landmark insider trading case, which relied on aggressive prosecutorial methods and unprecedented tactics."[29] Bharara has often spoken publicly[30] and written an op-ed about the culture surrounding corporate crime and its effect on market confidence and business risk.[31]

After 85 straight convictions for insider-trading cases, he finally lost one on July 17, 2014, when a jury acquitted Rajaratnam's younger brother, Rengan, of such charges.[5]

On October 22, 2015, Bharara dropped seven insider-trading cases two weeks after the U.S. Supreme Court refused to a review a lower court decision that would make it harder to pursue wrongful-trading cases. The conviction of Michael S. Steinberg was dropped; Steinberg was the highest-ranking officer of SAC Capital Advisors who had previously been convicted of insider trading.[32]

In 2013, Bharara announced criminal and civil charges against one of the largest and most successful hedge-fund firms in the United States, SAC Capital Advisors LP, and its founder Steven A. Cohen.[9][33] At USD$1.8 billion, it was the largest settlement ever for insider trading, and the firm also agreed to close down.[10][34]

Citibank

Citibank was charged numerous times by Bharara's office and other federal prosecutors. In 2012, the bank reached a settlement with Bharara's office to pay $158 million for misleading the government into insuring risky loans.[6] Bharara also made a criminal inquiry into Citbank's Mexican Unit.[35] In 2014, Citi settled with federal prosecutors for $7 billion for ignoring warnings on risky loans.[36]

Madoff Ponzi scheme and JPMorgan Chase

Almost as soon as he took office, Bharara began investigating the role of Bernie Madoff's primary banker, JPMorgan Chase, in the fraud.[37] Eventually Bharara and JPMorgan reached a deferred prosecution agreement that called for JPMorgan to forfeit $1.7 billion, the largest forfeiture ever demanded from a bank in American history—to settle charges that it and its predecessors violated the Bank Secrecy Act by failing to alert authorities about Madoff's actions.[8][38][39][40]

His office also handled the criminal prosecutions of several employees at Madoff’s firm and their associates, who were convicted by a jury on March 24, 2014.[41]

Bank of America suit

In 2012, federal prosecutors under Bharara sued Bank of America for $1 billion, accusing the bank of carrying out a mortgage scheme that defrauded the government during the depths of the financial crisis.[7] In 2013, the jury found Bank of America liable for selling Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac thousands of defective loans in the first mortgage-fraud case brought by the U.S. government to go to trial.[42] The civil verdict also found the bank’s Countrywide Financial unit and former Countrywide executive Rebecca Mairone liable.[43] However, in 2016 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit ruled that the finding of fact by the jury that low-quality mortgages were supplied by Countrywide to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac supported only "intentional breach of contract," not fraud. The action, for civil fraud, relied on provisions of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act. The decision turned on lack of intent to defraud at the time the contract to supply mortgages was made.[44]

Russian money laundering fraud

In 2013, Bharara began investigating a money laundering fraud scheme in New York City operated by a Russian criminal organization.[45] The alleged fraud links a $230 million Russian tax refund fraud scheme from 2008 to eleven U.S. real estate corporations.[46] The underlying tax refund fraud was first discovered by whistleblower and Russian lawyer Sergei Magnitsky, who was arrested under tax evasion charges, and within a year he was found dead in his prison cell—a suspicious circumstance.[47] Bharara and his office stated that some of the illicit proceeds were laundered in the U.S. by purchasing luxury Manhattan and Brooklyn real estate, including a 35-story block that has a pool, roof terrace, Turkish bath and indoor golf course. One of the companies named in the complaint, Prevezon, at the time had assets that included four condo units in the Financial District, each valued close to or in excess of $1 million, a $4.4 million condo at 250 East 49th Street in Turtle Bay, and an unknown amount of funds on deposit in eight separate Bank of America accounts in the name of different limited liability companies registered in New York. 

The case was personal for Bharara after Russia, in April 2013, included him on the list 18 U.S. individuals banned from entering Russia in retaliation to the Magnitsky act.[48]

On September 10, 2013, with help from the Immigration and Customs Enforcement’s Homeland Security Investigations and Cyrus Vance Jr., the District Attorney for New York County, Bharara's office announced that they had filed a civil forfeiture complaint, freezing $24 million in assets.[49] If the court upholds the complaint, the government will seize the assets.

Jewish Holocaust survivor fund fraud

During his first year in office, Bharara charged 17 managers and employees of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims for defrauding Germany 42.5 million dollars by creating thousands of false benefit applications for people who have not suffered in the Holocaust. The fraud which has been going on for 16 years was related to the 400 million dollars which Germany pays out each year to Holocaust survivors.[50][51]

Art fraud

During his time in office, Bharara oversaw multiple notable art fraud cases including the 80 million dollar Knoedler Gallery case which was the largest art fraud scheme in American history involving forged masterworks of artists Mark Rothko, Robert Motherwell and others.[52] Bharara charged the 2.5 million dollar case of John Re, a man from East Hampton, New York who sold forged artwork by Jackson Pollock and others[53] and was sentenced to five years in federal prison.[54] Also Bharara charged Eric Spoutz, an American art dealer, with selling hundreds of fake paintings falsely attributed to American masters. Spoutz was sentenced to 41 months in federal prison and ordered to forfeit the $1.45 million he made from the scheme and pay $154,100 in restitution.[55]

Toyota deferred prosecution agreement

In March 2014, the U.S. Attorney's Office charged Toyota by information with one count of wire fraud for lying to consumers about two safety-related issues in the company’s cars, each of which caused unintended acceleration. Under the terms of a deferred prosecution agreement (DPA) that Toyota entered into the same day the information was filed, Toyota agreed to pay a $1.2 billion financial penalty, the largest criminal penalty ever imposed on an auto manufacturer. The company also admitted the truth of a detailed statement of facts accompanying the DPA, and agreed to submit to a three-year monitorship.[56]

Public corruption

Bharara has said that "there is no prosecutor’s office in the state that takes more seriously the responsibility to root out public corruption in Albany and anywhere else that we might find it, and I think our record speaks for itself."[57] During his tenure, Bharara has charged several current and former elected officials in public corruption cases, including Senator Vincent Leibell, Senator Hiram Monserrate, NYC Councilman Larry Seabrook, and Yonkers City Councilwoman Sandy Annabi.[58][59][60][61][62][63] Bharara’s office uncovered an alleged corruption ring involving New York State Senator Carl Kruger. In April 2012, Kruger was sentenced to seven years in prison.[64] In February 2011, Bharara announced the indictment of five consultants working on New York City’s electronic payroll and timekeeping project, CityTime, for misappropriating more than $80 million from the project. The investigation has expanded with five additional defendants being charged, including a consultant who allegedly received more than $5 million in illegal kickbacks on the projects.[65]

In early 2013, Bharara oversaw the conviction of New York City Police Department officer Gilberto Valle, who was part of an alleged plot to rape and then cook and eat (cannibalize) women.[66] Bharara and his team argued that Valle had done more than hypothesize, think, or speculate (in online networks where such fantasies are discussed), but had moved on from being a possible danger to others to the criminal planning phase and had even visited the street where one of the women lived, at the behest of another defendant. However, the defense and others who objected to the verdict argued that all he had done was fantasize, not plan, and that such thoughts or online posts, however twisted, were still protected.[66] The defense team (Robert Baum and Julia L. Gatto)[66] may ask the judge to set aside the verdict, or may appeal. If he does keep the felony conviction and is sentenced, Valle would automatically no longer serve in law enforcement.[66][67]

On April 2, 2013, Bharara unsealed federal corruption charges against New York State Senator Malcolm A. Smith, New York City Councilman Dan Halloran and several other Republican party officials. The federal complaint alleged that Smith attempted to secure a spot on the Republican ballot in the 2013 New York City mayoral election through bribery.[68]

Cuomo investigation and Moreland Commission

In 2014, Bharara's office began an inquiry into Gov. Andrew Cuomo's decision to end the work of the Moreland Commission, an anticorruption panel. After a New York Times report documenting Cuomo's staff's involvement with the commission and subsequent statements by commissioners defending the Governor, Bharara warned of obstruction of justice and witness tampering.[11]

Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver investigation and conviction

Bharara made national headlines after investigating 11-term Speaker of the New York State Assembly Sheldon Silver for taking millions of dollars in payoffs, leading to Silver's arrest in January 2015.[69] Silver was subsequently convicted on all counts, triggering his automatic expulsion from the Assembly.[70][71][72] Silver was replaced by the first African-American speaker Carl Heastie.[73][74] During the Silver prosecution, Judge Valerie Caproni criticized Bharara's public statements, writing that "while castigating politicians in Albany for playing fast and loose with the ethical rules that govern their conduct, Bharara strayed so close to the edge of the rules governing his own conduct."[75][76] Silver's conviction was overturned by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in Manhattan on July 13, 2017.

Gang crimes and organized crime

From 2009 to 2014, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York has convicted more than 1,000 of approximately 1,300 people charged in 52 large-scale takedowns of street drug and drug trafficking organizations.[77] On lowering violent crime rates, Bharara has said, "You can measure the number of people arrested and the number of shootings, but success is when you lift the sense of intimidation and fear."[77] Bharara also oversaw the largest criminal sweep of gangs in Newburgh, New York, working with the FBI, the Department of Homeland Security's Immigration and Customs Enforcement and local law enforcement agencies to bring charges against members of the Newburgh Bloods and Newburgh Latin Kings gangs, among others.[78] In 2010, Bharara oversaw the prosecution of eight longshoremen on charges of participation in a multi-million dollar cocaine trafficking enterprise along the Waterfront, operated by a Panamanian drug organization.[79][80]

In January 2011, Bharara's office participated in a multi-state organized crime takedown, charging 26 members of the Gambino crime family with racketeering and murder, as well as narcotics and firearms charges.[81] This action was part of a coordinated effort that also involved arrests in Brooklyn; Newark, New Jersey, and Providence, Rhode Island; according to the FBI, this was the largest single-day operation against the Mafia in U.S. history.[82] In August 2016, Bharara's office charged 46 leaders, members, and associates of La Cosa Nostra—including four out of the Five Families (Gambino, Genovese, Lucchese, and Bonanno)—in an extensive racketeering conspiracy.[83]

Terrorism prosecutions

Under Bharara, the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Southern District of New York "won a string of major terrorism trials."[84] Bharara was an advocate of trying terrorists in civilian federal courts rather than in the military commissions at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp; he contrasted his office's record of successfully convicting terrorists with the lengthy, secretive, and inefficient Guantanamo practice.[84] In a 2014 interview, Bharara said the historical record would show that "greater transparency and openness and legitimacy" leads to "more serious and appropriate punishment."[84] Citing his success in terrorism trials, Bharata stated: "These trials have been difficult, but they have been fair and open and prompt...in an American civilian courtroom, the American people and all the victims of terrorism can be vindicated without sacrificing our principles."[85]

Some of the high-profile terrorist figures convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment during Bharara's term include Sulaiman Abu Ghaith, Osama bin Laden's son-in-law;[86] Khalid al-Fawwaz and Ahmed Khalfan Ghailani, Osama bin Laden aides who plotted the 1998 United States embassy bombings that killed 224 people;[87][88][89] Mostafa Kamel Mostafa, a cleric who masterminded the 1998 kidnappings of 16 American, British and Australian tourists in Yemen;[85] and Faisal Shahzad, the attempted Times Square bomber.[90] Bharara also won a conviction and 25-year sentence for international arms smuggler Viktor Bout.[90]

Cybercrime

In June 2012, The New York Times published an op-ed written by Bharara about the threat posed to private industry by cybercrime and encouraged corporate leaders to take preventive measures and create contingency plans.[91]

Bharara's tenure saw a number of notable prosecutions for computer hacking:

Bharara moved to shut down several of the world's largest Internet poker companies.[99] He prosecuted several payment processors for Internet poker companies, securing guilty pleas for money laundering.[100][101] In April 2011, Bharara charged 11 founding members of internet gambling companies and their associates involved with pay processing with bank fraud, money laundering and illegal gambling under the Unlawful Internet Gambling Enforcement Act of 2006 (UIGEA). The case is United States v. Scheinberg.[102]

Devyani Khobragade incident

Bharara and his office came to the limelight again in December 2013 with the arrest of Devyani Khobragade, the Deputy Consul General of India in New York, who was accused by prosecutors of submitting false work visa documents for her housekeeper and paying the housekeeper "far less than the minimum legal wage."[103] The ensuing incident caused protests from the Indian government and a rift in India–United States relations; Indians expressed outrage that Khobragade was strip-searched (a routine practice for all U.S. Marshals Service arrestees) and held in the general inmate population.[103] The Indian government retaliated for what it viewed as the mistreatment of its consular official by revoking the ID cards and other privileges of U.S. consular personnel and their families in India and removing security barriers in front of the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi.[104]

Khobragade was subject to prosecution at the time of her arrest because she had only consular immunity (which gives one immunity from prosecution only for acts committed in connection with official duties) and not the more extensive diplomatic immunity.[103][105] After her arrest, the Indian government moved Khobragade to the Indian's mission to the United Nations, upgrading her status and conferring diplomatic immunity on her; as a result, the federal indictment against Khobragade was dismissed in March 2014, although the door was left open to refiling of charges.[106] A new indictment was filed against Khobragade, but by that point she had left the country.[107]

Speaking on the Khobragade incident, Bharara told the media that "There has been much misinformation and factual inaccuracy in the reporting ... it is important to correct these inaccuracies because they are misleading people and creating an inflammatory atmosphere on an unfounded basis."[108] Speaking at Harvard Law School during its 2014 Class Day ceremony, Bharara said that it was the U.S. Department of State, rather than his office, which had initiated and investigated proceedings against Khobragade and who asked his office to prosecute.[109][110][111]

Reason magazine subpoena

During Bharara's term, the U.S. Attorney's Office investigated six Internet comments made on the website of Reason magazine in which anonymous readers discussed killing U.S. District Judge Katherine B. Forrest of the Southern District of New York. (The comments were made under an article in the magazine of Forrest's sentencing of Silk Road owner Ross William Ulbricht to life in prison without parole.) In June 2015, a federal grand jury issued a subpoena to the libertarian magazine, demanding that it provide identifying information for the commentators.[112][113] Following the issuance of the subpoena, federal prosecutors applied for an order from a U.S. magistrate judge forbidding the magazine from disclosing the existence of the subpoena to the commentators.[113]

The subpoena became public after being obtained by Popehat's Ken White.[112] The nondisclosure order caused controversy, with critics saying that it infringed the constitutional right to free speech[114] and questioning whether the comments were actually serious threats or merely hyperbolic "trolling."[115] Federal prosecutors dropped the matter as moot.[114] Reason magazine editors Matt Welch and Nick Gillespie characterized the subpoena and nondisclosure order as "suppressing the speech of journalistic outlets known to be critical of government overreach."[113]

Guantanamo List

Preet Bharara was included on the list of US nationals (colloquially the Guantanamo List) barred from entering the Russian Federation as retaliation for the Magnitsky List, implemented by the Magnitsky Act, a set of United States sanctions of Russian Federation citizens implemented in response to the death of Sergei Magnitsky in a Moscow prison in 2009.

Dismissal

Following the 2016 election, Bharara met with then-president-elect Donald Trump at Trump Tower in November 2016.[116] Bharara said that Trump asked him to remain as U.S. Attorney, and he agreed to stay on.[117][118]

On March 10, 2017, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions ordered all 46 remaining United States Attorneys who were holdovers from the Obama administration, including Bharara, to submit letters of resignation.[119] Bharara declined to resign and was fired the next day.[120][121] In a statement, Bharara said that serving as U.S. Attorney was "the greatest honor of my professional life" and that "one hallmark of justice is absolute independence and that was my touchstone every day that I served." He was succeeded by his deputy, Joon H. Kim, as acting U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York.[120][121]

There were expressions of dismay over the firing from Howard Dean, U.S. Senators Chuck Schumer and Elizabeth Warren to New York State Republican Assemblymen Steve McLaughlin and Brian Kolb, the Assembly Leader.[122]

It has been reported that in spring 2017, Trump's personal attorney Marc Kasowitz told associates that he had been personally responsible for getting Bharara fired, saying he had warned Trump, "This guy is going to get you".[123] Bharara said that he was dismissed 22 hours after refusing to take a phone call from Trump.[124]

A leading candidate to replace Bharara on Trump's short list is former Fox News chief Roger Ailes’s personal lawyer Marc Mukasey, the son of former U.S. Attorney General Michael Mukasey.[125][126]

Later career

On April 1, 2017, Bharara joined New York University School of Law as a distinguished scholar in residence.[127]

Portrayal in fiction

The Showtime television series Billions gives a fictional portrayal of the U.S. Attorney's Office of the Southern District of New York's prosecution of financial crimes.[128] The series is loosely based on the investigation of hedge fund manager Steven A. Cohen of SAC Capital by Bharara's office.[129][130] The show's fictional SDNY U.S. Attorney Charles "Chuck" Rhoades Jr., played by Paul Giamatti, was partly inspired by Bharara.[129][131]

Personal life

Bharara with his wife at the 2012 Time 100 gala

Bharara is married to Dalya Bharara, a non-practicing lawyer. They live in Westchester County, New York and have three children.[132] In interviews, Bharara "has reflected on his family's diverse religious heritage: Sikh (his father), Hindu (his mother), Muslim (his wife's father) and Jewish (his wife's grandfather)."[133]

Bharara became a naturalized United States citizen in 1980.[134] Bharara is a registered Democrat but "not considered a strong partisan."[133] His nomination to the U.S. Attorney's post in 2009 was welcomed across the political spectrum as Bharara was regarded as an "apolitical and fair-minded" figure.[134]

Bharara's younger brother Vinit "Vinnie" Bharara, also a graduate of Columbia Law School, is an entrepreneur. Vinnie Bharara and Marc Lore co-founded Quidsi, the parent company of Diapers.com and Soap.com, which they sold in 2010 to Amazon.com for $540 million.[135][136]

Bharara traces his desire to become a lawyer back to the seventh grade, which was when he read the play Inherit the Wind.[137]

In 2012, Bharara was named by Time magazine as one of "The 100 Most Influential People in the World," and by India Abroad as its 2011 Person of the Year.[138][139][140][141]

Bharara is a lifelong Bruce Springsteen fan.[142] Springsteen shouted, "This is for Preet Bharara!" before launching into his song "Death to My Hometown" at an October 2012 concert in Hartford, Connecticut.[143]

In 2013, Bharara delivered the commencement address at Fordham Law School in New York and received an honorary Doctor of Laws.[144] Later that week, Bharara delivered the commencement address at his alma mater, Columbia Law School, during his 20th reunion year.[145] In 2014, Bharara delivered the commencement address at Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law also in New York and spoke at Harvard Law School's Class Day Ceremony.[146]

Bharara was included in Bloomberg Markets Magazine's 2012 "50 Most Influential" list as well as Vanity Fair's 2012 and 2013 annual "New Establishment" lists.[147][148][149]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Statement By U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara". March 11, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  2. ↑ Michelle Celarier and Josh Saul (October 5, 2015). "Supreme Court derails Bharara’s Wall St. crusade". New York Post. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
  3. ↑ Kenneth Lovett (November 9, 2015). "Lovett: Preet Bharara’s legacy is on the line in Sheldon Silver and Dean Skelos cases". New York Daily News. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
  4. 1 2 3 Benjamin Weiser & William K. Rashbaum, With Preet Bharara’s Dismissal, Storied Office Loses Its Top Fighter, New York Times (March 10, 2017).
  5. 1 2 "The Limits of the Law in Insider Trading". New York Times (July 18, 2014). Retrieved March 18, 2015.
  6. 1 2 Associated press (February 15, 2012). "Citigroup to Pay $158 Million in Mortgage Fraud Settlement". New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
  7. 1 2 Protess, Ben (October 24, 2012). "Federal Prosecutors Sue Bank of America Over Mortgage Program". New York Times.
  8. 1 2 Vardi, Nathan (January 7, 2014). "J P Morgan Chase pays $1.7 billion and settles Madoff related criminal case". Forbes.
  9. 1 2 Strasburg, Jenny; Sterngold, James (July 25, 2013). "U.S. Attorney Alleges 'Rampant Insider Trading' at SAC". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
  10. 1 2 Jarvis, Rebecca; Katersky, Aaron; Kim, Susanna (July 2013). "Indicted Hedge Fund SAC Capital 'Magnet for Market Cheaters'". abc News. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
  11. 1 2 Santora, Marc (August 1, 2014). "Cuomo, Responding to U.S. Attorney, Seeks to Justify Recent Contacts With Corruption Panel". The New York Times.
  12. 1 2 Weiser, Benjamin (March 27, 2011). "A New York Prosecutor With Worldwide Reach". New York Times. Retrieved March 1, 2015.
  13. ↑ Steinberg, Marty (March 11, 2017). "Top cop of Wall Street, Preet Bharara, fired after refusing Trump administration's call to resign". Retrieved March 12, 2017.
  14. ↑ "Health secretary: Obamacare replacement will leave no one 'worse off financially'". Retrieved March 12, 2017 – via LA Times.
  15. 1 2 Weiser, Benjamin (August 9, 2009). "For Manhattan’s Next U.S. Attorney, Politics and Prosecution Don’t Mix". The New York Times. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  16. ↑ Lattman, Peter. "The Fabulous Bharara Boys", The New York Times, June 9, 2011. Accessed August 9, 2012. "He told the audience that he and his brother who grew up in Eatontown, N.J., carved similar paths. Preet, 46, graduated from Harvard College, and Vinnie, 39, from the University of Pennsylvania."
  17. ↑ "Preet Bharara, the new top federal prosecutor zeroes in on white-collar crime". India Times/Reuters. October 20, 2009. Archived from the original on May 27, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  18. ↑ Chang, Ailsa (January 27, 2011). "Meet Preet Bharara: New York's Highest-Profile Prosecutor". WNYC News. Archived from the original on April 18, 2011. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  19. ↑ Lizz Riggs, Preet Bharara and Mindy Kaling are Harvard Law School's 2014 Class Day Speakers, Harvard Law Today (March 5, 2014).
  20. 1 2 Shipman, Tim (June 3, 2007). "Mafia prosecutor now has Bush in his sights". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  21. ↑ Jones, Ashby (February 11, 2009). "The Likely Next U.S. Attorney for NY’s Southern District: Preet Bharara". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  22. ↑ Calabresi, Massimo (November 13, 2009). "Prosecuting Khalid Sheikh Mohammed: Much Harder Than You Think". Time. Retrieved April 21, 2011.
  23. ↑ "Meet the U.S. Attorney".
  24. ↑ Matt Apuzzo & Michael D. Shear (September 25, 2014). "Attorney General Eric Holder, Prominent Liberal Voice in Obama Administration, Is Resigning". The New York Times. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  25. ↑ Camia, Catalina (September 25, 2014). "After Eric Holder: Potential attorney general choices". USA Today. Retrieved September 25, 2014.
  26. ↑ "Russia strikes back with Magnitsky list response". rt.com. Retrieved April 13, 2013.
  27. ↑ "This Man is Busting Wall Street". Time Magazine. February 13, 2012.
  28. ↑ "Hedge Fund Billionaire Raj Rajaratnam Found Guilty In Manhattan Federal Court Of Insider Trading Charges" (Press release). US Department of Justice, U.S. Attorney's Office, Southern District of New York. May 11, 2011. Archived from the original on May 28, 2011. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
  29. ↑ Weiser, Benjamin; Lattman, Peter (May 12, 2011). "U.S. Attorney Sends a Message to Wall Street". The New York Times. Retrieved June 22, 2011.
  30. ↑ Beeson, Ed (August 19, 2012). "When U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara speaks, Wall Street and the world listens". New Jersey Star-Ledger.
  31. ↑ Bharara, Preet (July 23, 2012). "Why Corporate Fraud Is So Rampant: Wall Street's Cop". CNBC.
  32. ↑ Goldstein, Matthew (October 22, 2015). "U.S. Prosecutor to Drop Insider Trading Cases Against Seven". Retrieved March 12, 2017 – via NYTimes.com.
  33. ↑ "SAC Capital pleads guilty".
  34. ↑ "Meet Preet Bharara Who Just Won the Biggest Insider Trading Case Ever". The Washington Post. November 4, 2013.
  35. ↑ Protess, Ben; Corkery, Michael (April 2, 2014). "Criminal Inquiry Said to Be Opened on Citigroup". Retrieved October 8, 2015.
  36. ↑ "Citibank reaches $7 billion mortgage probe settlement". Jurist.org. July 15, 2014. Retrieved October 8, 2015.
  37. ↑ Scott Cohn (January 7, 2014). "JPMorgan settles Madoff case for $2.6B, or 2 weeks revenue". NBC News.com. Retrieved January 19, 2014.
  38. ↑ JP Morgan to pay $1.7bn to victims of the Madoff fraud BBC January 7, 2014
  39. ↑ Text of deferred prosecution agreement Archived January 8, 2014, at the Wayback Machine. in Madoff case
  40. ↑ Protess, Ben; Silver-Greenberg, Jessica. JPMorgan Faces Possible Penalty in Madoff Case. New York Times, October 23, 2013.
  41. ↑ Abrams, Rachel; Henriques, Diana B. "Jury Says 5 Madoff Employees Knowingly Aided Swindle of Clients' Billions". Retrieved March 12, 2017.
  42. ↑ "Statement Of Manhattan U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara On The Countrywide, Bank Of America, And Rebecca Mairone Verdict". Department of Justice. October 23, 2013.
  43. ↑ "B of A’s Countrywide Found Liable for Defrauding Fannie Mae". The Washington Post. October 24, 2013.
  44. ↑ Aruna Viswanatha and Christina Rexrode (May 23, 2016). "Bank of America Penalty Thrown Out in Crisis-Era ‘Hustle’ Case Appeals court says government didn’t prove case, bank doesn’t have to pay $1.27 billion". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 24, 2016.
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  88. ↑ Joseph Ax, Saudi man gets life in U.S. prison for ties to Africa embassy bombings, Reuters (May 15, 2015).
  89. ↑ David Ariosto, Guantanamo detainee sentenced to life for Africa bombings, CNN (January 25, 2011).
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  93. ↑ Evan Perez, Shimon Prokupecz & Tom Cohen, More than 90 people nabbed in global hacker crackdown, CNN (May 19, 2014).
  94. ↑ Jonathan Stempel & Nate Raymond, U.S. charges three in huge cyberfraud targeting JPMorgan, others, Reuters (November 10, 2015).
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  134. 1 2 Roger Parloff, Nominee for Manhattan U.S. Attorney: A nonpartisan star, Fortune (August 25, 2009).
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  145. ↑ Graduation 2013: Keynote Speaker: Preet Bharara '93, Columbia Law School.
  146. ↑ Harvard Law School. "Preet Bharara's Speech at Harvard Law School Class Day 2014".
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  149. ↑ "The New Establishment 2013". Vanity Fair. November 2013.
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Acting		 United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York
2009–2017 		Succeeded by
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Acting
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