Prasinohaema virens
| Green green-blooded skink | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Squamata |
| Family: | Scincidae |
| Genus: | Prasinohaema |
| Species: | P. virens |
| Binomial name | |
| Prasinohaema virens Peters, 1881 | |
The Green green-blooded skink (Prasinohaema virens), sometimes (ambiguously) known as "green tree skink", is a scincid lizard species[1] native to New Guinea. The species is poorly studied[2] and the species' risk of extinction has not been evaluated by the World Conservation Union, and does not appear in any CITES appendix.
The skink has developed setae on its toe pads (or digit pads) for climbing analogous to those of geckos and anoles, but the trait is believed to have evolved independently to these groups, so is an example of convergent evolution. With regards to the trait, other species in the genus, P. flavipes and P. prehensicauda, have the primitive character, and lack the setae.[3] Other skinks within the genus Lipinia have also evolved toe pad setae, and within the skink family, four morphologically distinct adhesive microstructures have evolved, possibly all with independent evolutionary origins. By contrast, anoles and geckos each use a single, common structure, although it appears to have evolved independently in the two groups.[2]
As in other lizards of the genus Prasinohaema, the blood of P. virens is green, rather than the usual red coloration of most vertebrates. The green blood pigmentation results in a strikingly bright lime-green coloration of muscles, bones, tongue, and mucosal tissue, and is the result of the accumulation of the bile pigment biliverdin in levels that would be toxic in all other vertebrates.[2] Biliverdin is formed from the breakdown of hemoglobin, and is normally converted to bilirubin. However, mutation in various genes regulating bilirubin formation is believed to lead to the formation and accumulation of high levels of biliverdin.[4]
Import to Australia
In Australia, Importing this skink is prohibited under State and Territory legislation because the skink's risk as an invasive species has not yet been assessed.[5] However, live specimens may be imported with a permit issued under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 for noncommercial purposes, such as research, but not as a household pet.[6]
References
- ↑ Austin, C.C. and K.J. Jessing (1994). "Green-blood pigmentation in lizards". Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A. 109: 619–626. doi:10.1016/0300-9629(94)90201-1.
- 1 2 3 Molecular, morphological, and physiological evolution in South Pacific scincid lizards. Austin, Christopher Cowell, Ph.D., The University of Texas at Austin, 1995, 213 pages; AAT 9603793
- ↑ Coddington, J. A. (1988). "Cladistic tests of adaptational hypotheses" (PDF). Cladistics. 4: 3–22. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00465.x.
- ↑ Austin, C. C.; Perkins, S. L. (2006). "Parasites in a Biodiversity Hotspot: A Survey of Hematozoa and a Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis of Plasmodium in New Guinea Skinks". Journal of Parasitology. 92 (4): 770–777. PMID 16995395. doi:10.1645/GE-693R.1.
- ↑ Vertebrate Pests Committee, List of Exotic Vertebrate Animals in Australia, Revised January 2006
- ↑ List of Specimens taken to be Suitable for Live Import. Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. Last updated 23 October 2006.
External links
Data related to Prasinohaema virens at Wikispecies
