Poynton

Poynton

Poynton shared space town centre, remodelled in 2011
Poynton
Poynton shown within Cheshire
Population 14,260 (2011 census)[1]
OS grid reference SJ925835
• London 152 mi (245 km)
Civil parish
  • Poynton with Worth
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Post town STOCKPORT
Postcode district SK12
Dialling code 01625
Police Cheshire
Fire Cheshire
Ambulance North West
EU Parliament North West England
UK Parliament

Poynton is a town in Cheshire, England, on the easternmost fringe of the Cheshire Plain 11 miles (18 km) south-southeast of Manchester, 7 miles (11 km) north of Macclesfield, and 5 miles (8 km) south of Stockport. In 2011, it had a population of 14,260.[1]

Poynton was first settled by the Anglo-Saxons. From the Late Middle Ages, coal was mined and the collieries, under the ownership of the Lords Vernon from 1832 until their closure in 1935, were the largest in Cheshire. Consequent urbanisation and socioeconomic development necessitated better transport links; these came with the completion of the Macclesfield Canal through Poynton in 1831 and the arrival of the Manchester and Birmingham Railway in 1845 and the Macclesfield, Bollington and Marple Railway in 1869. In the late 20th century, Poynton became a commuter town for Manchester.

History

The name of Poynton is of Old English derivation. Having been omitted by the Domesday Book of 1086, the first mention of the manor of Poynton is in 1289 when it was part of the barony of Stockport. Past spellings include Ponynton and Poynington[2] The Warren family held the manor from before 1386 when Edward de Warren married Cicely de Eton of Poynton and Stockport until 1801 when Sir George Warren, the last surviving male, died. He was succeeded by his daughter, Lady Warren Bulkeley. She died childless in 1826 when she left the estate to Frances Maria Warren,[3] Lady Vernon.[2] The Lords Vernon held the estate until the final sale in 1920.[4]

Coal is found outcropping to the east of Towers Road, which corresponds to the line of the Red Rock Fault at the surface. The earliest record to be found is a lease dated 28 February 1589, which talks of the "Coal pit at Wourthe lately occupied by George Finche". This could be worked on the surface then by shallow shafts, and later by deeper shafts with waterwheels or steam engines operating pumps and winding gear. In the late 18th century, the Warrens of Poynton co-operated with the Leghs of Lyme to work the Cannel and Sheepwash seams at Norbury Hollow.[5] Initially, the mines were pumped using waterwheels driven by the Norbury Brook; atmospheric steam engines were then used and then condensing engines thus allowing deeper pits to be sunk. Output in 1789 was over 23,586 tonnes (26,000 tons) rising to a production of 221,056 tonnes (243,673 tons) in 1859, an amount believed unlikely to have been surpassed.[6] The Poynton Collieries were substantial, and the coal rights were held by the Warren family who leased them the Wrights and the Claytons. The canal and new roads and railway lines were used to remove the coal.[nb 1] In 1826, the estate passed to George John Venables Vernon, 4th Lord Vernon who decided in 1832 to manage the mines himself.[5] In 1856 it was estimated that there was a reserve of 15,163,027 tons which would supply 245,000 tons for 61 years. This was to be supplied by the Park Round Pit, and the Park Oval Pit both working the Four Foot and Five Foot Seam and the Anson Pit and the Nelson Pit which were working the Accommodation Seam.[7] The pits had good transport links to their principal markets, cotton mills around Manchester. With the Lancashire Cotton Famine, in 1861 and the subsequent recession, the price of coal collapsed, the output dropped 112,840 tons, leading to worker redundancies. A new shaft, the Lawrance Pit, was sunk at Park, in 1885 raising the output to 216,362 tons and paying for itself within a year.[6] However the costs were rising and the closure of the Norbury Pits resulted in a constant ingress of water. In 1926 production was down to 80,146 tons. The 1926 General strike lasted for 17 weeks in Poynton and the men went back to work as the collieries would have closed due to the cost of pumping. The collieries closed on 30 August 1935; 250 men were made redundant. 80 were offered jobs in the Kent coalfield and some secured employment with Avro at Woodford.[8] The Anson Colliery is now the site of the Anson Engine Museum, all other shafts have been capped and Park Pit has been levelled.[9]

Cottages originally built for miners at the bottom of the Coppice in Poynton

The Macclesfield Canal was originally proposed in 1765 but construction did not start until 1826 due to opposition from outside parties. The canal was designed by Thomas Telford and completed in 1831.[10] Sir George Warren was a promoter of the extension of the turnpike road from Manchester by way of Hazel Grove to Sandon, Staffordshire where it joined what is now the A51 road. The Manchester and Birmingham Railway opened a line through Poynton in 1845[4] which today forms part of the London–Manchester main line.[11] The Macclesfield, Bollington and Marple Railway, opened in 1869 with stations at Higher Poynton and Middlewood, closed in 1970.[12] The line is now a footpath called the Middlewood Way.[12]

In the late 18th century, the Pickford family developed their family business of waggoners on the London-to-Manchester route with The Birches Farm at Poynton as its headquarters.[4] The business thrived and they relocated to London in 1823. Pickfords is today one of the best-known removal firms in the United Kingdom.

From the 1870s, private house-building gathered pace and gradually Poynton became a commuter town for workers in the Manchester conurbation. Since the Second World War several housing estates have been built by both the local authorities and private developers.

The population has risen from 5,000 to almost 15,000 since 1945.[1]

Government

Terraced housing in Poynton

From 1974 until the 2009 structural changes to local government in England, Poynton was administered by three tiers of local government: the parish council of Poynton-with-Worth, Macclesfield Borough Council and Cheshire County Council. Poynton-with-Worth (a civil parish) was made up of three electoral wards and was created in 1880 by uniting the hitherto separate civil parishes of Poynton and Worth.[13] In 2009 the Parish Council resolved to become a Town Council and elect a Mayor, creating Poynton with Worth Town Council

Cheshire East Council took over the responsibilities of the borough council and the county council on 1 April 2009.

Poynton is represented on Cheshire East Council in two two-member electoral wards called Poynton West, and Poynton East and Adlington by four councillors,[14] all members of the Conservative Party. Cheshire East Council has 82 councillors in 52 wards, of whom 50 are Conservative, 14 are Labour, 4 are Liberal Democrats and 14 others.[15] For the United Kingdom Parliament Poynton is in the Macclesfield Constituency which in 2009 was represented by Sir Nicholas Winterton, a Conservative. In 2010, David Rutley, a Conservative was elected after Sir Nicholas Winterton retired.

Geography

Manchester city centre, 11 miles (18 km) from Poynton.

Poynton is located at SJ925835 53°20′53″N 2°06′50″W / 53.348°N 2.114°W / 53.348; -2.114, between the Norbury Brook and the Poynton Brook at the easternmost limit of the Cheshire Plain. The land is between 88 metres (289 ft) and 148 metres (486 ft) above sea level. The town is approximately 17 kilometres (11 mi) SSE of Manchester, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) from Manchester Airport, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from junction 5 of the M56 motorway and 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) from junction 3 of the M60 motorway. The west of the parish is predominantly residential, buffered from Hazel Grove and Bramhall by the North Cheshire Green Belt. To the south of the town are two business parks but here and to the east it is rural in nature, bounding on the former deer park of Lyme Hall.[14] The A6 trunk road passes to the north of the parish, and the Macclesfield Canal runs north/south along the 155 metres (509 ft) contour to the east of the parish.

The town straddles the Red Rock Fault. Its 200 metres (660 ft) downthrow to the west brings the Permo-Triassic sandstones and mudstones of the Cheshire Plain up against the Millstone Grit and shales of the Peak District. To the immediate east of the fault are the coal measures of the Carboniferous period which, unlike those in the Lancashire Coalfield, are missing the top layers. Here we find outcrops of the Middle Coal Measures. Coal from these strata, particularly the Four Foot Mine (or seam), the Five Foot Mine and the Accommodation Mine, was mined in the nineteenth and early twentieth century.[5] The lower ground, including most of Poynton, is covered by glacial till left by the retreating ice sheet at the close of the last ice age.

Woodford Aerodrome to the west is owned by BAE Systems and has a Met Office weather station. Woodford's weather station recorded a temperature of −17.6 °C (0.3 °F) on 8 January 2010, during the Winter of 2009–10 in Great Britain and Ireland.[16]

Demography

At the time of the 2011 census, the population of the parish of Poynton with Worth was 14,260.[1] The ethnic grouping of Poynton was 97% white, 1.1% Asian, 0.5% Mixed Race, and 0.2% other groups.[17] Religious division was 70.4% Christian, 21.4% no religion, 0.3% Muslim and 0.8% other religions.[18] 59.6% of the population over 16 were married.[19] All of these figures were higher than the national average.

Culture and community

Poynton Community Centre

Poynton Co-op was founded in 1862,[20] staying independent until February 1992. There were many Friendly Societies, Burial Clubs, Workmen's Club[21] and the Miners' Union. The Methodist Chapel was established in 1847 followed by the Baptists and Primitive Methodists chapels; together with St George's Church they were the social centres of the village. Lord Vernon opened the first school in 1838 which was extended as the number of children attending it grew, and this building is used today as the Poynton Youth and Community Centre.

The Poynton Show, is held every August bank holiday weekend.[22] It started in 1885,[23] as an agricultural show, and has grown in size, 35,000 people visited the show in 1970. It offers a full range of events in the main arena such as stunt riding and aerobatics, a fairground, exhibitions and competitive events.[23]

The St George's Singers, is large choral society founded in 1956. Its current president is Marcus Farnsworth. The choir has strong links with the Royal Northern College of Music and Chetham's School of Music. It has sung in Helsinki, Tallinn, Kraków, Budapest and Érd; more locally the choir's annual Singing Day regularly attracts over 200 singers to learn and perform choral music.[24]

Poynton is also home to one of the North West's brass bands. The Vernon Building Society (Poynton) Brass Band as it is now known, first started within the Poynton coal mining community and was supported by the mine owners, the Vernon family. It is unknown for certain when the band began, but records from 1832 stating that new uniforms had been purchased by Lady Vernon suggest that it has existed for well over 160 years.[25] The band is also a regular prize-winner at contests throughout the country.[25]

Poynton has two Anglicanism churches: St. Martin's, High Poynton; and St. George's, which occupies a prominent position in the town centre. St. George's church dates from 1859 and is in the Victorian Gothic style; the steeple was added in 1884. These have active congregations: running services, youth groups and a children's group.

Poynton is twinned with Érd in Hungary.[26]

Landmarks

Poynton Pool

Sir George Warren bought the Worth estate in 1792. Worth Hall, originally the home of the Downes family of Worth, has now been redeveloped as flats and lies within the confines of Davenport Golf Club.

Several halls were built in Poynton Park, each one then demolished to make way for a new hall. The last hall, Poynton Towers, was finally taken down in the 1930s. The ornamental lake, known locally as Poynton Pool, was created in the 1760s by Sir George Warren who dammed a tributary of the Poynton Brook, as part of his landscaping of the Park. The dam itself served as the foundation for the turnpike.[27]

Poynton Coppice is a designated local nature reserve.[28]

Other landmarks include St George's Church,[29] Park Colliery and Anson Pit.[8]

Transport

Narrowboats on the Macclesfield Canal in Higher Poynton

The Macclesfield Canal, a canal with only one flight of locks, was originally proposed in 1765. However it was not commenced until 1826. Completed in 1831, it joins the Peak Forest Canal in Marple with the Trent and Mersey Canal near Kidsgrove and forms a part of the Cheshire Ring.[30] The route was chosen so it could pass close to the Poynton Colleries, to transport coal to Macclesfield for the steam engines and 5000 houses. It shortened the canal journey from Manchester to London by 25 miles (40 km) and allowed easy carriage of coal to the cotton mills at Dukinfield.[31]

Shared space roundabout in the centre of Poynton, new in 2011

Poynton lies to the south of the A6 road. This was the favoured London to Manchester route in the Late Middle Ages as it avoided the wetter land of the Cheshire Plain. This is shown in John Ogilby's road atlas of 1675. It was improved by the formation of a turnpike trust in 1724. In 1760, Sir George Warren, the Leghs of Adlington and James Pickford promoted a new turnpike through Poynton with Worth from Hazel Grove to Sandon in Staffordshire on the A51 road. This provided a link to Macclesfield. It is now known as the A523, or locally as the London Road. Later the Chester Road, the A5149 provided a link to Wilmslow.[27] The town is within 5 miles of the M60 motorway at Stockport and M56 motorway at Manchester Airport.

The Manchester and Birmingham Railway opened a line through Poynton in 1845 which today forms part of the London–Manchester main line.[11] The station on this line, offers local services to Manchester and Macclesfield. The Macclesfield, Bollington and Marple Railway was opened in 1869,[12] with stations at Higher Poynton and Middlewood. Since its closure in 1970, the line has been converted into a footpath and bridleway called the Middlewood Way.[12]

In December 2011, the village road network was reconstructed at the junction of Chester Road/Park Lane and London Road, creating the first "double roundel" for a high traffic intersection.[32] Similar to a roundabout, the new junction reduces the four-lane approaches to two lanes, allowing pedestrians to cross quickly, and safely allowing the elimination of traffic signals. Multiple coloured and textured cobbles separate traffic from pedestrians areas, however it functions as a shared space, allowing pedestrians to cross anywhere that feels safe. According to the town, businesses have seen increased foot traffic, and congestion has been considerably lessened. The total cost was 4 million pounds, comparable to traditional road repairs which were needed.[32]

Public transport

Poynton railway station

Cheshire East Council is responsible for co-ordinating public transport. It runs an Integrated Transport Service based in Crewe. Poynton with Worth parish council was one of the Cheshire parishes that were part of Selnec PTE created by Transport Act 1968 but was not included in Greater Manchester when it was formed on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972.[33] As a result, special ticketing arrangements are in place within the parish.

Poynton railway station on the West Coast Main Line is served by an hourly off-peak rail service to Stoke-on-Trent and Manchester Picadilly Monday-Saturday, with extra trains at peak times (Mon-Fri). Sunday services consist of five trains in each direction. There are also several bus services operated by GHA Coaches and High Peak Buses.

Education

Education in Poynton is now run by Cheshire East Council; it was formerly run by Cheshire County Council. Due to the proximity to the border some parents choose to have their children educated in Stockport, or educate them privately.

There are 5 primary schools, Poynton High School, and All Hallows Catholic College in nearby Macclesfield. Sixth form students are able to attend Poynton High School's sixth form, Aquinas College in Stockport or Marple College.

Notable people

The post box outside Poynton High School was painted gold in honour of ex-pupil Sarah Storey winning four gold medals at the 2012 Summer Paralympics

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ In Cheshire and Lancashire, mine was a word meaning seam, a pit was a shaft and a collection of shafts was a colliery.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "ONS Neighbourhood Statistics Poynton". Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  2. 1 2 "A Topographical Dictionary of England, Samuel Lewis (ed.), 1848". Retrieved 12 December 2007.
  3. ↑ Thornber, Craig. "Warren of Poynton and Stockport". Retrieved 10 January 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 Shercliff, W.H.; Ryan, J.M.; Kitching, D.A. (1983). Poynton, a coalmining village: social history, transport and industry 1700–1939. W.H. Shercliff. ISBN 0-9508761-0-0.
  5. 1 2 3 Kitching, David (2003). "Poynton Collieries: the Early Years". Retrieved 9 January 2010.
  6. 1 2 Kitching, David. "Poynton Collieries: 1857–90 Years of change and progress". Brocross. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
  7. ↑ Kitching, David (2003). "Poynton Collieries: 1832–57 Development under the Vernons". Retrieved 9 January 2010.
  8. 1 2 Kitching, David (2003). "Poynton Collieries: the Last Years". Retrieved 9 January 2010.
  9. ↑ "Walk: APD5 Anson Engine Museum, Poyntons Pits and the Macclesfield Canal" (PDF). East Cheshire Walks. p. 30. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  10. ↑ "History of the Macclesfield Canal". Pennine Waterways. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  11. 1 2 "London and Birmingham Railway". Grace's Guide. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "Cheshire, Middlewood Way". The Great Outdoors. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  13. ↑ Youngs, F. A. (1991). Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England. Volume II: Northern England. Royal Historical Society. ISBN 0861931270.
  14. 1 2 "Unitary Authority Electoral Review 2009/10" (PDF). Cheshire East Borough Council. p. 15. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  15. ↑ "Your Council". Cheshire East Council. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  16. ↑ "Minus 17.6C for freezing Woodford". Manchester Evening News. 8 January 2010. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  17. ↑ "ONS Neighbourhood Statistics Poynton: Ethnic Group". Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  18. ↑ "ONS Neighbourhood Statistics Poynton: Religion". Retrieved 21 October 2014.
  19. ↑ "ONS Neighbourhood Statistics Poynton: Marital Status". Retrieved 26 October 2014.
  20. ↑ "Broadband in Poynton". Cable. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
  21. ↑ "Poynton Workmens Club Website". Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  22. ↑ "Poynton Show / Events Calendar". ASAO. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  23. 1 2 "History of Poynton Show". Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  24. ↑ "St George's Singers". Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  25. 1 2 "History Vernon Building Society (Poynton) Brass Band". Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  26. ↑ "Poynton and Erd twinning: Ten Years Together". Macclesfield Conservatives. 24 June 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  27. 1 2 Kitching, David (2003). "Road and Canal Transport and Traffic: Pickfords, a Local Carrying Firm". Retrieved 9 January 2010.
  28. ↑ "Poynton Coppice Local Nature Reserve". Cheshire East Council. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  29. ↑ "1232286". The National Heritage Service for England.
  30. ↑ Fisher, Stuart. The Canals of Britain: A Comprehensive Guide. A&C Black. p. 204. ISBN 9781408105245.
  31. ↑ Cousins, Graham (2002). "Macclesfield Canal proposals, 1765–1824". Railway & Canal Historical Society. Retrieved 13 January 2010.
  32. 1 2 Goodyear, Sarah. "Lots of Cars and Trucks, No Traffic Signs or Lights: Chaos or Calm?". The Atlantic Cities. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  33. ↑ Hansard (9 August 1972). "LOCAL GOVERNMENT BILL". Millbank Systems.
  34. ↑ "Graham Evans". politics.co.uk. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  35. ↑ Davies, Gareth (14 June 2011). "My School Sport: Sarah Storey winner of seven Paralympics gold medals in swimming and cycling". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  36. ↑ Hudson, Elizabeth (31 December 2013), "Paralympic sport's ones to watch for 2014", BBC, retrieved 23 July 2014
  37. ↑ McDowall, Rhiannon (5 August 2014). "Graphic designer set for Great British Bake Off". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  38. ↑ "Sir Alan Beith". The Journal. Retrieved 14 October 2014.
  39. ↑ "You are a liar, Mr Singh". Manchester Evening News. 23 September 2005. Retrieved 14 October 2014.

Bibliography

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