Pothwari

Pothohari
Potwari, Potowari
پوٹھواری
Native to Pakistan, India
Region Pothohar region, Azad Kashmir and Poonch (Jammu and Kashmir)
Native speakers
 2.5 million including Dhundi-Kairali, Chibhali, & Punchhi, but perhaps not 1.04 million Mirpuri (2007)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 phr (includes other dialects)
Glottolog paha1251  Pahari Potwari[2]

Punjabi–Lahnda dialects. Pothohari is center-north, in light green.

Pothwari (پوٹھواری), Pothohari (پوٹھوہاری), or Pahari-Potowari is an Indo-Aryan dialect of Pakistan that is transitional between Hindko and Standard Punjabi.[3] It is spoken by inhabitants of the Pothohar Plateau in northern Punjab and in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Poonch of Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Speakers of Pothwari have a local linguistic, but not ethnic, identity that is separate from that of Punjabi and there has been a nascent, if not yet coherent, language movement.[4] There have been efforts at cultivation as a literary language,[5] although a local standard has not been established yet.[6]

Potohar scenery with pahar backdrop

It has been historically classified as a Punjabi dialect. Grierson in his early 20th-century Linguistic Survey of India assigned it to a so-called "Northern cluster" of Lahnda, but this classification, as well as the validity of the Lahnda grouping in this case, have been called into question.[7]

References

  1. ↑ Pahari-Potwari at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Pahari Potwari". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Shackle 1979, pp. 200–201.
  4. ↑ Shackle 1983, p. 182; Shackle 1979, p. 198.
  5. ↑ Masica 1991, p. 440.
  6. ↑ Shackle 1983, p. 183.
  7. ↑ Shackle 1979, p. 201: Pothohari "is often so close to Panjabi that any attempt to maintain the Lahndi scheme ought probably to reckon it as 'Lahndi merging into Panjabi'."

Bibliography

Pothwari test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
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