Port Victoria Grain Griffin

Grain Griffin
Role	Carrier based Reconnaissance aircraft
National origin	United Kingdom
Manufacturer	RNAS Marine Experimental Depot, Port Victoria
Primary user	Royal Air Force
Number built	8
Developed from	Sopwith B.1

The Grain Griffin was a British carrier based reconnaissance aircraft developed and built by the RNAS Marine Experimental Depot, Port Victoria during the First World War. A development of the unsuccessful Sopwith B.1 bomber, the Grain Griffin was a two-seat single-engined biplane that was built in small numbers for Britain's Royal Naval Air Service, being used operationally during the British intervention in the Russian Civil War.

Development and design

In late 1916, Sopwith designed and built a prototype of a single-engined, single-seat bomber, the Sopwith B.1. It had demonstrated good performance, and had been briefly evaluated by the RNAS in the bomber role over the Western Front in May–June 1917, but was rejected, with larger twin-engined bombers being preferred.^[1]

After its return from France, the prototype B.1 (serial no. N.50), was sent to the RNAS Marine Experimental Depot at Port Victoria on the Isle of Grain for conversion to a two-seat reconnaissance aircraft, to be fitted with folding wings for operation from the Royal Navy's aircraft carriers. A cockpit for the observer replaced the bomb-bay of the B.1 behind the pilot's cockpit, while the wings were shortened to allow them to fold. A hydroplane was fitted ahead of the undercarriage and floatation gear added to allow safe ditching at sea. It retained the Hispano-Suiza 8 engine used by the bomber.^[2] When the modified aircraft was tested in November 1917, it was found that the changes had greatly reduced the aircraft's performance, while handling was also poor, with little aileron control.^[3]

The design office at Port Victoria had realised prior to the first flight that the proposed changes would not be beneficial to performance, and had commenced design of a modified design, based on the B.1, to solve these problems. These changes included new, longer-span, two-bay wings and a wider fuselage to give room to carry a radio for the observer. The new aircraft was given the name Grain Griffin. N.50 was modified with the new wings and modified controls which greatly improved performance and handling.^[3]

The first of the true Griffins, serial number N.100, powered by a 200 hp (149 kW) Sunbeam Arab engine started testing in June 1918. A further six Griffins followed, with one powered by the unreliable Arab and the remaining five powered by the 230 hp Bentley BR2 rotary engine.^[4]

Operational history

A Grain Griffin ditched alongside HMS Vindictive, Baltic Sea, 1919

The Griffins did not see service during the First World War. however, in July 1919, at least three Griffins were deployed on board the aircraft carrier HMS Vindictive when it sailed to the Baltic Sea in support of the British intervention in the Baltic as part of the Russian Civil War. The Griffin was replaced in service by the Parnall Panther, which was chosen to equip the Royal Air Force's Fleet Spotter squadrons.^[4]

Operators

United Kingdom

Royal Air Force

Specifications (Griffin (BR.2 engine))

Data from British Aeroplanes 1914-18 ^[5]

General characteristics

Crew: Two
Length: 27 ft 6 in (8.38 m)
Wingspan: 42 ft 6 in (12.95 m)
Height: 10 ft 0 in (3.05 m)
Wing area: 506 ft² (47.0 m²)
Empty weight: 1,675 lb (760 kg)
Loaded weight: 2,858 lb (1,296 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Bentley BR2 nine-cylinder air-cooled rotary engine, 230 hp (172 kW)

Performance

Maximum speed: 98 knots (112.5 mph, 181 km/h) at 6,500 ft (1,980 m)
Service ceiling: 16,500 ft (5,029 m)
Wing loading: 5.65 lb/ft² (27.6 kg/m²)
Power/mass: 0.080 hp/lb (0.13 kW/kg)
Endurance: 5½ hours
Climb to 10,000 ft (3,050 m): 15 min 55 sec

Armament

Guns: 1x .303 in Lewis gun behind rear cockpit

References

↑ Bruce 2001, pp.1-6.
↑ Bruce 1957, p.342.
1 2 Collyer 1991, p.54.
1 2 Collyer 1991, p.55.
↑ Bruce 1957, pp.344-345.

Bruce, J.M. British Aeroplanes 1914-18. London:Putnam, 1957.
Bruce, J.M. Sopwith B.1 & T.1 Cuckoo: Windsock Datafile 90. Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, UK: Albatros Publications, 2001. ISBN 1-902207-41-6.
Collyer, David. "Babies Kittens and Griffons". Air Enthusiast, Number 43, 1991. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0143-5450. pp. 50–55.

Aviation in World War I
People and aircraft	Commanders Aces Aircraft of the Entente Powers Aircraft of the Central Powers Zeppelins
Campaigns and battles	Strategic bombing German Cuxhaven Bombing of cities Aerial reconnaissance Fokker Scourge Flight over Vienna Bloody April Battles
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Central Powers air services	Imperial German Air Service Austro-Hungarian Imperial and Royal Aviation Troops Ottoman Aviation Squadrons Bulgarian Army Aeroplane Section

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