PATH (rail system)

PATH

A PATH train of PA-5 cars on the Newark – World Trade Center line, crossing the Passaic River en route to the World Trade Center
Overview
Owner Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
Locale Newark / Hudson County, New Jersey and Manhattan, New York
Transit type Rapid transit
Number of lines 4
Number of stations 13
Daily ridership 270,016 (2016)[1]
Annual ridership 76,565,452 (2015)[2]
Operation
Began operation February 25, 1908
Operator(s) Port Authority Trans-Hudson
Technical
System length 13.8 mi (22.2 km)
Track gauge 4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Electrification 600 V (DC) Third Rail
System map

Port Authority Trans-Hudson, abbreviated PATH, is a rapid transit system serving Newark, Harrison, Hoboken, and Jersey City in metropolitan northern New Jersey, as well as lower and midtown Manhattan in New York City. The PATH is operated by, and named after, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. PATH trains run 24 hours a day and 7 days a week.

The system has a route length of 13.8 miles (22.2 km),[3] not including any route overlap. As of October 2016, PATH had an average weekday ridership of 276,417.[4] PATH trains use tunnels only in Manhattan, Hoboken, and downtown Jersey City. The tracks cross the Hudson River through century-old cast iron tubes that rest on the river bottom under a thin layer of silt. PATH's route from Grove Street in Jersey City west to Newark runs in open cuts, at grade level, and on elevated track.

While some PATH stations are adjacent to or connected to New York City Subway, Newark Light Rail, Hudson-Bergen Light Rail, and New Jersey Transit stations, there are no free transfers between these different, independently run transit systems.[5] PATH accepts the same pay-per-ride MetroCard used by the New York City Transit system, but it does not accept unlimited ride, reduced fare, or EasyPay MetroCards.[6]

History

The history of PATH predates the New York City Subway's first underground line, operated by the Interborough Rapid Transit Company.

Hudson & Manhattan Railroad

PATH was originally known as the Hudson & Manhattan Railroad (H&M). Although the railroad was first planned in 1874, existing technologies could not safely tunnel under the Hudson River. Construction began on the existing tunnels in 1890, but stopped shortly thereafter when funding ran out. Construction resumed in 1900 under the direction of William Gibbs McAdoo, an ambitious young lawyer who had moved to New York from Chattanooga, Tennessee. McAdoo later became president of what was known, for many years, as the H&M, Hudson Tubes or McAdoo Tunnels.[7]

Construction

One of the original plans, with branches to the Central Railroad of New Jersey Terminal (lower left) and the IRT Lexington Avenue Line at Astor Place (center).

The first tunnel (the more northern of the uptown pair) was originally built without an excavation shield or iron construction because the chief engineer of the time, Dewitt Haskin, believed that the river silt was strong enough to maintain the tunnel's form (with the help of compressed air) until a 2-foot-6-inch-thick (76 cm) brick lining could be constructed. Haskin's plan was to excavate the tunnel, then fill it with compressed air to expel the water and to hold the iron plate lining in place. They succeeded in building the tunnel out by approximately 1,200 feet (366 m) from Jersey City until a series of blowouts—including a particularly serious one in 1880 that took the lives of 20 workers—ended the project.[7]

Hudson tunnels shortly after their completion

When the New York & Jersey Tunnel Company resumed construction on the tunnels in 1902, chief engineer Charles M. Jacobs employed a different method of tunneling using tubular cast iron plating. An enormous mechanical shield was pushed through the silt at the bottom of the river. The displaced mud was then placed into a chamber, where it was later shoveled into small cars that hauled it to the surface. In some cases, the silt was baked with kerosene torches to facilitate easier removal of the mud. The southern tunnel of the uptown pair was constructed using the tubular cast iron method.[7][8] Construction of the uptown tunnels was completed in 1906.[9] A second pair of tunnels was built about 1 1⁄4 miles (2.0 km) south of the first pair. Construction began in 1906 and was completed in 1909, also using the tubular cast iron method.[7][10]

Each track enjoys its own separate tunnel, which enables a better ventilation via the piston effect. When a train passes through the tunnel it pushes out the air in front of it toward the closest ventilation shaft in front, and "sucks-in" the air to the tunnel from the closest ventilation shaft behind it.[11]:241

By contrast, the eastern ends of the tunnels, located underneath Manhattan, employed cut and cover construction methods.

Opening

The Hudson and Manhattan's Jersey City yard, ca. 1911
Park Place Station in Newark was the H&MRR's terminus until the completion of Newark Penn Station in the late 1930s.

The first trains ran in 1907 and revenue service started between Hoboken Terminal and 19th Street at midnight on February 26, 1908, after President Theodore Roosevelt pressed a button at the White House that turned on the electric lines in the uptown tubes;[12] an extension of H&M from 19th Street to 23rd Street opened on June 12 of the same year.[13]

On July 19, 1909, service began between the Hudson Terminal in Lower Manhattan and Exchange Place in Jersey City, through the downtown tubes. The connection between Exchange Place and the junction near Hoboken Terminal opened on August 2, 1909.[14] On September 6, 1910, the H&M was extended from Exchange Place west to Grove Street,[15] and on November 10 of that year was extended from 23rd Street to 33rd Street.[16][17] On November 27, the PRR tunnel to New York Penn Station opened.[18]

H&M was extended west from Grove Street to Summit Avenue and Manhattan Transfer on October 1, 1911,[19] and then to Park Place, Newark on November 26 of that year.[20]

After completion of the uptown Manhattan extension to 33rd Street and the westward extension to the now-defunct Manhattan Transfer and Park Place Newark terminus in 1911, H&M was considered complete. The final cost was estimated at $55-$60 million ($1,466,000,000 to $1,599,000,000 today).[21][22]

External relations and expansion

The Dock Bridge over the Passaic River opened in 1935

Originally, the Hudson Tubes were designed to link three of the major railroad terminals on the Hudson River in New Jersey—the Erie and Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) in Jersey City and the Lackawanna in Hoboken—with New York City. While PATH still provides a connection to train stations in Hoboken and Newark, the commuter train stations at Pavonia (originally named Erie by H&M, currently Newport) and Exchange Place (the PRR station) were eventually closed and subsequently demolished. Beginning in the latter part of the 20th century, the rail yards at Pavonia and Exchange Place were replaced with large-scale office, residential, and retail developments.

There were early negotiations for Pennsylvania Station to also be shared by the two railroads.[23] Attempts to extend the Tubes to Astor Place and Grand Central Terminal failed, even after some construction began on the extension. There was also a plan to build an extension from the curve west of Hoboken Terminal to where Secaucus Junction is now, and a plan for a north–south connection from the 33rd Street Station south on Broadway to Union Square and then a new alignment to Hudson Terminal.

The opening of the Holland Tunnel in 1927, coupled with the Depression that began shortly after, began the decline of H&M. The later construction of the Lincoln Tunnel and the George Washington Bridge further enticed people away from the railroad.

Manhattan Transfer was closed on June 20, 1937, and H&M was realigned to Newark Penn Station from the Park Place terminus a quarter-mile north; the Harrison station across the Passaic River was moved several blocks south as a result. On the same day, the Newark City Subway was extended to Newark Penn Station. The upper level of the Centre Street Bridge to Park Place later became Route 158.[24]

Port Authority operation

Bankruptcy and takeover

PATH train at Newark Penn Station on September 2, 1966

Promotions and other advertising proved ineffectual at slowing the financial decline. In 1954, H&M fell into bankruptcy.[25] Although it continued to operate, the H&M remained under bankruptcy court protection for years and received a tax cut in 1956.[26] In 1960, creditors approved a tax plan to reorganize the company.[27]

The construction of the World Trade Center enabled a compromise between the Port Authority, New York, and New Jersey. The Port Authority agreed to purchase and maintain the Tubes in return for the rights to build the World Trade Center on the land occupied by H&M's Hudson Terminal, which was the Lower Manhattan terminus of the Tubes.[28] In 1962, the Hudson and Manhattan Railroad Company ceased operation of the Hudson Tubes, and service began through the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation (PATH), a subsidiary organization of the Port Authority.[29] Upon taking over the H&M Railroad, the Port Authority spent $70 million to modernize PATH's infrastructure.[30]

PATH arriving at Harrison, NJ on July 4, 1969

In 1973, and again in 1978, PATH workers went on strike due to union disagreements with the Port Authority. The 1973 strike lasted 63 days, and the 1978 strike went on for 81 days. Both strikes were due to disputes over salary increases that the Port Authority was unwilling to grant.[31]

During the 1980s, the PATH system experienced substantial growth in ridership, which meant the infrastructure needed expansion and rehabilitation. The Port Authority announced a plan in 1988 to upgrade the infrastructure so that stations on the Newark – WTC line could accommodate longer 8-car trains while 7-car trains could operate between Journal Square and 33rd Street.[32] In August 1990, the Port Authority put forth a $1 billion plan to renovate the PATH stations and add new rail cars.[33] To help provide revenue, the Port Authority installed video monitors in its stations that display advertising.[34] At that time, the Port Authority incurred a $135 million deficit annually, which it sought to alleviate with a fare hike to reduce the per passenger subsidy.[35] By 1992, the Port Authority had spent $900 million on infrastructure improvements, including track repairs, modernizing communications and signaling, new ventilation equipment, and installing elevators at most stations to accommodate the disabled. A new car maintenance facility was also added in Harrison, at a cost of $225 million.[36]

Around 1990, the new maintenance yard at Harrison was opened. On October 12, 1990, PATH's old Henderson Street Yard - a below-grade, open-air train storage yard at the northeast corner of Marin Boulevard and Christopher Columbus Drive just east of the Grove Street station - was closed.[37]

On December 11, 1992, a storm caused extensive flooding in the PATH tunnels, resulting in the system being out of service for 10 days. A 2,500–3,000-foot (760–910 m) section of track between Hoboken and Pavonia was flooded, as were other locations within the system. This was the longest period of disruption since a 2 1⁄2 month strike in 1980.[38] When the 1993 World Trade Center bombing occurred, a section of ceiling in the PATH station collapsed and trapped dozens.[39] Nonetheless, the PATH station did not suffer any structural damage.[40] Within a week, the Port Authority was able to resume PATH service to the World Trade Center.[41]

September 11, 2001, and recovery

The temporary World Trade Center station opened in 2003.
Inaugural train arrives from Newark at PATH's temporary WTC station at 2:08 p.m., November 23, 2003, while passengers applaud its arrival

The World Trade Center station in Lower Manhattan, under the World Trade Center, is one of PATH's two New York terminals. The first station at the site, which replaced the old Hudson Terminal at the same place in 1971, was destroyed during the September 11 attacks, when the Twin Towers above it collapsed. Just prior to the collapse, the station was closed and any waiting passengers that were in the station were evacuated.

With the station destroyed, service to Lower Manhattan was suspended for over two years. Exchange Place, the next station on the Newark – World Trade Center line, also had to be closed because it could not operate as a "terminal" station.[42] Instead, two uptown services (Newark – 33rd Street (red) and Hoboken – 33rd Street (blue)) [43] and one intrastate New Jersey service (Hoboken – Journal Square (green)) were put into operation.[44] Only one after-hours train was put into service, Newark – 33rd Street (via Hoboken).

Modifications were made to a stub end tunnel (also known as the Penn Pocket, which was originally built for short turn World Trade Center to Exchange Place runs to handle PRR commuters from Harborside Terminal) to allow trains from Newark to reach the Hoboken bound tunnel and vice versa. The modifications required PATH to bore through the bedrock dividing the stub tunnel and the tunnels to and from Newark. The new Exchange Place station opened in June 2003. Because of the original alignment of the tracks, trains to/from Hoboken use separate tunnels from the Newark service. From Newark, trains cross over to the Newark/Hoboken bound track just north of Exchange Place. The train then reversed direction and used a crossover switch to go to Hoboken. From Hoboken, trains enter on the Manhattan-bound track at Exchange Place. The train then reversed direction and used the same crossover switch to go to the Newark-bound tracks before entering Grove Street.

PATH service to Lower Manhattan was restored when a new, $323 million second station opened on November 23, 2003; the inaugural train was the same one that had been used for the evacuation. The second, temporary station contained portions of the original station, but did not have heating or air conditioning systems installed. The temporary entrance was closed on July 1, 2007, and demolished to make way for the third, permanent station; around the same time, the Church Street entrance opened.[45] On April 11, 2007, the Port Authority announced that it will build a new entrance to the World Trade Center PATH station on Vesey Street. The new entrance opened in March 2008, and the entrance on Church Street has since been demolished. The contract to build the permanent World Trade Center PATH station, according to The Star-Ledger of Newark, was awarded to a joint-venture of Granite Construction North-East (formally Granite Halmar), Fluor Enterprises, Bovis Lend Lease, and Slattery Skanska. Platform A, the first platform of the permanent station, opened February 25, 2014, serving Hoboken-bound riders.[46]

Later 2000s

On July 7, 2006, an alleged plot to detonate explosives in the PATH tunnels (initially said to be a plot to bomb the Holland Tunnel) was uncovered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The plot included the detonation of a bomb that could significantly destroy and flood the tunnels, endangering all the occupants and vehicles in the tunnel at the time of the explosion. The terror planners believed that Lower Manhattan could, as a result of the explosion, be flooded due to river water surging up the remaining tunnel after the blast. Officials say that this plan was unsound due to the strength of the tunnels. Since semi-trailer trucks are currently not allowed to pass through the Holland Tunnel, and it was unfeasible to carry such a bomb on board a PATH train, it was very difficult to get sufficient explosives into the tunnel to accomplish the plan. If the tunnel were to explode and allow water from the Hudson River to flood the (Holland) tunnel, Lower Manhattan would be spared since the area is 2–10 feet (0.61–3.05 m) above sea level. Of the eight planners based in six different countries, three were arrested.[47]

2008 was PATH's centennial. To commemorate this occasion, PATH offered free rides to its passengers on February 25, 2008, between 6 a.m. and 11 p.m.[48]

In January 2010, Siemens announced that PATH would be spending $321 million to upgrade its signal system using Siemens' Trainguard MT CBTC to accommodate anticipated growth in ridership. The system will reduce the headway time between trains, so trains move more efficiently through the system and passenger wait times are reduced. Trainguard MT CBTC will equip the tracks and 130 of the 340 new EMU being constructed by Kawasaki Railcar. The goal is to increase passenger capacity from the current 240,000 passengers to 290,000 passengers per day. The entire system is expected to become operational in 2017.[49][50]

Hurricane Sandy

At 12:01 am on October 29, 2012, PATH service was suspended system-wide in advance of Hurricane Sandy. The following day, Governor Christie of New Jersey stated that PATH train service would be out for 7–10 days as a result of the damage caused by the hurricane.[51] Storm surge from the hurricane caused significant flooding to PATH train stations in Hoboken and Jersey City, as well as at the World Trade Center.[51] An image captured from a PATH security camera showing the ingress of water at Hoboken at 8:23 p.m. on October 29, quickly spread across the Internet and became one of several representative images from the hurricane.[52][53]

The first revenue PATH trains after the hurricane were the Journal Square to 33rd Street service, which recommenced on November 6 with modifications, running from 5 a.m. to 10 p.m. Service was extended west to Harrison and Newark on November 12, in place of the Newark - World Trade Center service. Christopher Street and 9th Street stations initially remained closed due to overcrowding concerns; beginning November 17 these stations were opened on weekends.[54] Newark – World Trade Center service resumed on November 26, on weekdays only, during which time the Newark-33rd Street trains were shortened to Journal Square-33rd Street, and Christopher Street and 9th Street were fully opened to serve all trains.[55]

On November 27, 2012, it was estimated that Hoboken would cost about $300 million to repair while staying closed "for weeks" including damage to 50 trainsets, scattered debris, mud, rusted tracks, and destroyed critical electrical equipment after as much as eight feet (2.4 m) of water submerged the tunnels.[56] In order to expedite the return of Hoboken service, from December 8–9 to December 15–16 Newark – WTC service resumed operating on weekends, replacing Newark-33rd Street service to allow for uninterrupted weekend work windows in PATH's Caissons Wye tunnels under Hoboken.[57] As a result, Hoboken station reopened on December 19 for weekday Hoboken-33rd Street service,[58] followed by the resumption of weekday 24-hour PATH service on January 9, 2013[59] and the Hoboken – World Trade Center trains on January 29, with return of full PATH service at all stations at all times implemented by the weekend of March 1, following completion of repairs at Exchange Place and World Trade Center.[60]

Newark Airport extension

The Port Authority allocated $31 million to conduct a feasibility study of extending PATH two miles (3.2 km) south of Newark Penn Station to Newark Liberty International Airport.[61] In September 2012, it was announced that work would commence on the study.[62] The study estimated in 2004 the cost of the extension at $500 million.[63] On September 11, 2013, Crain's reported that New Jersey Governor Chris Christie will publicly support the PATH extension; its estimated cost grew to $1 billion.[64] The governor asked that the airport's largest operator, United Airlines, consider flying to Atlantic City International Airport as an enticement to further the project.[65]

On February 4, 2014, the Port Authority proposed a 10-year capital plan that included the PATH extension to the airport's New Jersey Transit station. The Board of Commissioners approved the Capital Plan, including the airport extension, on February 19, 2014.[66][67][68] Plans include a planned $1.5 billion PATH extension to Newark Liberty International Airport. The alignment will follow the existing New Jersey Transit Northeast Corridor Line approximately one mile further west to airport’s Rail Link Station, where a connection to AirTrain Newark is available.[69] Construction is expected to begin in 2018 and last five years.[70]

However, there were calls in late 2014 for reconsideration of Port Authority funding priorities, as the PATH extension was termed "redundant" of existing Manhattan-to-Newark Airport train service (on NJ Transit's Northeast Corridor Line and North Jersey Coast Line as well as Amtrak's Keystone Service and Northeast Regional), while funding was lacking for both the proposed Amtrak Gateway Tunnel for commuter trains under the Hudson River (a substitute for the cancelled ARC Tunnel), and the replacement of the aging and overcrowded Port Authority Bus Terminal.[71]

In December 2014, the PANYNJ awarded a three-year, $6 million contract to HNTB to perform cost analysis on the Newark Airport extension.[72]

On January 11, 2017, the PANYNJ released its 10-year capital plan that included $1.7 billion for the extension. Construction is projected to start in 2020, with service in 2026.[73][74]

Incidents

Route operation

Port Authority Trans-Hudson
 NWK-WTC 
Newark
Passaic River
Harrison
Manhattan Transfer
Hackensack River
 JSQ-33  (via HOB) 
Journal Square
 HOB-WTC  (via HOB)  HOB-33 
Grove Street
Hoboken
Newport
Exchange Place
Hudson River
New Jersey
New York
World Trade Center
Christopher Street
 HOB-WTC  NWK-WTC 
9th Street
 14th Street
 19th Street
 23rd Street
 28th Street
33rd Street
  JSQ-33  (via HOB)  HOB-33 

PATH operates 24 hours a day, seven days a week. During weekday hours, PATH operates four train services, using three terminals in New Jersey and two in Manhattan. Each line is represented by a unique color, which also corresponds to the color of the lights on the front of the trains. The Journal Square – 33rd Street (via Hoboken) service is the only line represented by two colors (orange and blue), since it is a late-night hours combination of the Journal Square – 33rd Street and Hoboken – 33rd Street services. During peak hours, trains operate every four to eight minutes on each service. Every PATH station except Newark and Harrison is served by a train every two to three minutes, for a peak-hour service of 20 to 30 trains per hour.

PATH management has two principal passenger outreach initiatives: the "PATHways" newsletter, distributed free at terminals, and the Patron Advisory Committee.[78][79]

Services

During the daytime on weekdays, four services operate:

Between 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. Monday to Friday, and all-day Saturday, Sunday, and holidays, PATH operates two train services:

Prior to April 9, 2006, Hoboken – World Trade Center and Journal Square – 33rd Street services were offered on Saturday, Sunday, and holidays between 9:00 a.m. and 7:30 p.m. Ongoing construction of the permanent World Trade Center Station in Manhattan prompted the indefinite discontinuation of these services on those times, being replaced with the Journal Square – 33rd Street (via Hoboken) service. Passengers traveling from Hoboken to the World Trade Center must take the Journal Square – 33rd Street service to Grove Street and transfer to the Newark – World Trade Center train.

PATH does not normally operate directly from Newark to Midtown Manhattan. However, after both 9/11 and Hurricane Sandy, special Newark – 33rd Street services were operated to compensate for the loss of other lines and stations. The post-9/11 service from 2001 to 2003 used the red line color of the Newark – World Trade Center service on the PATH system map, while the post-Sandy service of 2012–13 used the yellow color of the Journal Square – 33rd Street service from which it was extended.

Station listing

The 19th Street station, abandoned since 1954[80]

There are currently 13 active PATH stations:

State City Station Services Opened Notes
NYNew York 33rd Street HOB–33
JSQ–33		 November 10, 1910
28th Street Closed November 10, 1910 Closed September 24, 1939 when the 33rd Street station was extended southward.[81]
23rd Street HOB–33
JSQ–33		 June 15, 1908
19th Street Closed February 25, 1908 Closed in 1954 to accelerate service
14th Street HOB–33
JSQ–33		 February 25, 1908
9th Street HOB–33
JSQ–33		 February 25, 1908
Christopher Street HOB–33
JSQ–33		 February 25, 1908
Hudson Terminal Closed July 19, 1909 Closed in 1971 when service opened to World Trade Center.
World Trade Center NWK–WTC
HOB–WTC		 July 4, 1971 Closed from September 11, 2001 to November 23, 2003
NJHoboken Hoboken Terminal HOB–WTC
HOB–33		 February 25, 1908
Jersey City Newport HOB–WTC
JSQ–33		 August 2, 1909 Originally a station for the Erie Railroad. Formerly known as Pavonia/Newport until 2011
Exchange Place NWK–WTC
HOB–WTC		 July 19, 1909
Grove Street NWK–WTC
JSQ–33		 September 6, 1910 Originally Grove-Henderson Streets
Journal Square
Transportation Center		 NWK–WTC
JSQ–33		 April 14, 1912 Originally Summit Avenue
Harrison Harrison NWK–WTC June 20, 1937 Originally several blocks north (opened November 26, 1911)
Manhattan Transfer Closed October 1, 1911 Closed in 1937 when the H&M was realigned to Newark Penn Station
Newark Newark NWK–WTC June 20, 1937 Replacement for Park Place and Manhattan Transfer stations
Park Place Closed November 26, 1911 Closed in 1937 when the H&M was realigned to Newark Penn Station
33rd Street station

Fares

As of October 1, 2014:[82]

Ride Type Price[83] Effective Price Per Ride
Single Ride $2.75 $2.75
Two-Trip $5.50 $2.75
10-Trip $21 $2.10
20-Trip $42 $2.10
40-Trip $84 $2.10
1-Day Unlimited $8.25 Varies by use
7-Day Unlimited $29 Varies by use
30-Day Unlimited $89 Varies by use
Senior SmartLink $1 $1

Single ride tickets are valid for two hours from time of purchase.[84] As of October 1, 2014, a single PATH ride is $2.75; two-trip tickets are $5.50; 10-trip, $21; 20-trip, $42; 40-trip, $84 ($2.10 per trip); a seven-day unlimited, $29; and a 30-day unlimited, $89.

Payment methods

Quick Cards

On October 24, 2008, the Port Authority announced that as of November 30, 2008, NJ Transit ticket machines on NJ Transit stations will no longer sell the QuickCard and as of December 31, 2008, NJ Transit ticket machines in PATH stations (Newark, Hoboken, Journal Square, Exchange Place, and Pavonia -Newport) will no longer sell the cards. The machines at the 33rd Street, Grove Street and WTC stations were removed earlier in 2008.[85]

By the third quarter of 2008, PATH had completed the inactivation of all turnstiles that accepted cash (in addition to the QuickCard, MetroCard and SmartLink card). These turnstiles will continue to accept the various cards as fare payment.

In 2010, PATH introduced a two-trip card costing $4.00 using the standard MetroCard form. Vending machines selling this card are in major PATH stations including 33rd St, World Trade Center and Journal Square. The front of the card is the standard MetroCard (gold and blue) but on the reverse it has the text "PATH 2-Trip Card", "Valid for two (2) PATH trips only" and "No refills on this card". The user had to dispose of the card after the trips are used up because the turnstiles do not keep (or capture) the card as was done with the discontinued QuickCard.

At the end of 2010, the QuickCard was discontinued and replaced with SmartLink Gray, a non-refillable, disposable version of the SmartLink card. This card was sold at selected newsstand vendors and was available in 10, 20 and 40 trips. Unlike regular SmartLink cards, SmartLink Gray cards had expiration dates. SmartLink Gray was itself discontinued in January 2016.[86]

MetroCard

SmartLink turnstiles at the WTC station accept both PATH SmartLink cards and MTA MetroCards.

Pay-Per-Ride MetroCards, a brand of Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA)'s standard farecard, are accepted on PATH.[87]

In the fall of 2005, PATH and the MTA installed a number of MetroCard Vending Machines (MVM) on the concourse at the World Trade Center station and at the 30th Street entrance of the 33rd Street station. By the summer of 2006, MVMs were installed in all stations. These machines sell Pay-Per-Ride MetroCards and allow riders to refill SmartLink cards once they were introduced in 2007 (see below). In addition, these machines sell Single Ride PATH tickets for use only on the PATH system. The Port Authority installed new fare collection turnstiles at all PATH stations in 2005 and 2006. These turnstiles allowed passengers to pay their fare with a PATH QuickCard or an MTA Pay-Per-Ride MetroCard.

As of 2007, payment is also available with a smart card, known as SmartLink. The project is part of a Port Authority project to implement usage of a regional smart card that could be used on transit systems throughout the New York metropolitan area. The new turnstile program first began at the World Trade Center station. Until their discontinuance in December 2010, PATH QuickCards were only valid on the PATH rail system. The initial testing phase of the SmartLink system was delayed by several months due to software problems. It was originally intended to start in August 2006 and then was postponed to October 2006. Continuing problems moved the testing phase for Senior SmartLink cards to February 2007.

The week of July 2, 2007, PATH began an initial roll out of the SmartLink card to the general public at the World Trade Center station. On July 23 the card was introduced at the 33rd Street terminal. On August 6 the card was introduced at the Hoboken terminal. Special vending machines that sold an 11-trip SmartLink card were installed at terminal stations. The cost of the card at $20 which includes 11 trips plus a $5 charge for the card. In 2008 when the fare was increased to $1.75, these machines were upgraded to sell an $18 card which included 10 trips at $1.30 plus the $5.00 card fee. Also a machine selling just the card for $5.00 was installed. The cards can be registered online, allowing riders to retain unused trips in case the card is lost or stolen. A charge of $5 is assessed for a replacement card.[88] In 2011, the card was $20 ($15 for 10 trips + $5 for card) In the initial stage, the SmartLink card will allow riders to place the same value on it as if they were purchasing a QuickCard by using machines located in PATH stations. A later stage will allow the rider to register the card to be automatically be refilled if the value on the card reaches a pre-set minimum. In June 2008, PATH inaugurated an online web account system allowing a cardholder to register the card and monitor its usage. It also allows for an automatic replenishment (linked to a credit card) when the card balance gets to 5 trips or 5 remaining days, depending on the type of trips on the card. Automatic replenishment is offered in 10-, 20-, and 40-trip increments, as well as weekly and monthly passes. Fares are the same as regular purchases.

Accessibility

All terminals (33rd Street, Hoboken, World Trade Center, Journal Square and Newark) are wheelchair accessible, as are Exchange Place and Pavonia/Newport. The Port Authority's 2007–2016 Capital Plan has allocated over $17 million to renovate Grove Street, with a little over $750,000 allocated for 2007. The renovation will include compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. Harrison is currently undergoing reconstruction and will also become accessible, scheduled for completion in April 2017. When completed, only four of the stations in New York City will not be accessible to wheelchair users.[89]

Rolling stock

As of September 2011, there is only one model, the PA5. The cars are 51 feet (16 m) long, and 9.2 feet (2.8 m) wide.[90] This is a smaller loading gauge compared to similar vehicles in the US, and is due to the restricted structure gauge through the tunnels under the Hudson River. They can achieve a maximum speed of 55 mph (89 km/h) in regular service. Each car seats 35 passengers, on longitudinal seating, with a larger number of standees in each car. PA5 cars have stainless steel bodies and three doors on each side. LCD displays above the windows (between the doors) display the destination of that particular train. The PA5 cars are coupled into seven-car or eight-car formations, with conductors' cabs on all cars and engineers' cabs on the "A" (driving) cars. The PATH operates fifty trainsets of PA5 cars, which brings the total number of PA5 cars to 350.

The Port Authority awarded a $499 million contract to Kawasaki to design and build 340 new PATH cars (called the PA5), which replaced the system's entire aging fleet. With an average age of 42 years, the fleet was the oldest of any operating heavy rail line in the United States. The Port Authority announced that the new cars would be updated versions of MTA's R142A cars. The first of these new cars entered revenue service July 10, 2009.[91]

As part of the fleet expansion program and signal system upgrade, the Port Authority has the option to order a total of 119 additional PA5 cars as the option order; 44 of these cars would be to expand the NWK–WTC line to 10-car operation while the remaining 75 cars would be used to increase service frequencies once Communication-based train control (CBTC) is implemented throughout the system in 2017.[92]

Current roster

Rolling stock Year built Builder Car body Car numbers Total built Notes
PA5 2008–2012 Kawasaki Stainless steel 5600–5829 (A cars)
5100–5219 (C cars)		 340 base order
119 in fleet expansion option (10 A cars exercised so far)[93]		 "A" cars have cab units, "C" cars have no cabs[94]
Siemens SITRAC AC propulsion system, upgradable to CBTC signalling compatibility, 3 doors per side, prerecorded station announcements

Former roster

The PA1 cars were built by St. Louis Car in 1964-65. PA2 cars were built in 1966–67, also by St. Louis. Hawker Siddeley built the PA3 cars in 1972. The PA4s were built by Kawasaki Heavy Industries in 1986–87. All cars were factory equipped with 10 ton Stone Safety Air Conditioning units when built.

PA1, PA2, and PA3 cars had painted aluminum bodies, and two doors on each side. Back-lit panels above the doors displayed the destination of that particular train: HOB for Hoboken, JSQ for Journal Square, NWK for Newark, 33 for 33rd Street, and WTC for World Trade Center. The MBTA's Blue and Orange Line cars, built in 1978–79 and 1980–81 respectively were based on the PA3. All PA1-PA3 cars were overhauled by Kawasaki in the mid 1980s. PA4 cars had stainless steel bodies, and three doors on each side. Back-lit displays above the windows (between the doors) displayed the destination of that particular train.

In 1972, PATH revived the tradition of naming its passenger cars. Each car was named after a community whose residents rely on PATH service to reach their destinations. Most of the municipalities were in New Jersey, but there were also a few from Rockland County, New York, along with New York City itself. Each end of the interior of a named car featured a brushed aluminum plaque bearing the name of the city or town along with a brief history and description of the area "today" (meaning in 1972), followed by the lines "This car is named in honor of (municipality name), one of more than 300 communities whose residents travel on the Port Authority Trans-Hudson interstate rail system."

All PA1-PA4 equipment were retired in 2009-11, with the PA4's remaining on site as work service cars.

Rolling stock Year built Builder Car body Car numbers Total built Notes
PA1 1964-65 St. Louis Car Company painted aluminum 100–151 ("C" cars)
600–709 ("A" cars)		 162 (110 cab units, 52 trailers) "A" cars have cab units, "C" cars-trailers have no cabs, 2 doors per side. 143 (trailer) at Trolley Museum of New York (Kingston).
PA2 1966-67 St. Louis Car Company painted aluminum 152–181 ("C" cars)
710–723 ("A" cars)		 44 (14 cab units, 30 trailers) "A" cars have cab units, "C" cars-trailers have no cabs, 2 doors per side
PA3 1972 Hawker-Siddeley painted aluminum 724–769 46 All cab units, 2 doors per side. 745 at Shore Line Trolley Museum (BERA).
PA4 1986-87 Kawasaki Stainless steel 800–894 95 All cab units, 3 doors per side. Most in work service.

Rolling stock incidents

A train consisting of cars 745, 143, 160, 845, 750, 139, and 612, respectively, was left under the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001. The collapse of the south tower largely destroyed the train, while cars 745 and 143 were not positioned directly beneath the tower and were thus the only cars to survive the collapse relatively intact. These two cars were cleaned and placed in storage following the collapse, while the remains of the rest of the train had been stripped of usable parts and scrapped. Cars 143 and 745 remained stored, with the intention of placing them on display in the National September 11 Memorial & Museum.[95] However, the cars were deemed too large to be displayed in the museum; as a result, car 745 was instead donated to the Shore Line Trolley Museum,[96] while car 143 was donated to the Trolley Museum of New York[97]

On October 21, 2009, an unidentified PATH train from New Jersey crashed into the barricade as it arrived at the 33rd Street station.[75]

On May 8, 2011, PA5 cab car 5741 ran into the bumper block of a yard tail track near Journal Square station.[75][76] The car was back in service by June 2012.[98]

FRA railroad status

While the PATH resembles a typical intraurban heavy rail rapid transit system, it is in fact under the jurisdiction of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA).[99] PATH continues to be subject to FRA regulations because it used to share trackage with the Pennsylvania Railroad between Hudson interlocking near Harrison and Journal Square. In more recent past the line connected to the Amtrak mainline near Harrison station and also near Hudson tower. These connections have since been severed as the track layout at Hudson interlocking has been modified considerably. While PATH operates under several grandfather waivers, it is required to do things not typically seen on American transit systems. Some of these include the proper fitting of grab irons to all PATH rolling stock, the use of federally certified locomotive engineers, installation of positive train control (PTC), and compliance with the federal railroad hours of service regulations.

While PATH once shared trackage with the PRR, this joint running and all interlocking connections to former lines have been cut, except for one diamond crossing on a siding near the Hudson tower. Due to its relative isolation from the national rail network, PATH could potentially end its status as a railroad. However, this railroad status might prove valuable if PATH were to extend service along existing rail routes as normally transit lines are required to either run on separate rights of way or have time separation with FRA railroads.

Photography restrictions

As of 2016, the (then current) PATH regulations are that all photography, film making, video taping, making of drawings or other visual depictions of the PATH system is forbidden without a permit by PATH and supervision by a PATH representative.[100][101] This includes photography by tourists and railfans. Although there have been US Supreme Court decisions[102] stating that casual photography is covered by the First Amendment, the case law is mixed. While it is clear that under the law PATH employees may not force a casual photographer to destroy or surrender their film or images, confiscations and arrests have occurred. Litigation following such confiscations and/or arrests have generally (but not always) resulted in the dropping of charges and/or the awarding of damages.[103][104]

Tunnel decoration

On trains bound for Newark or Hoboken from World Trade Center, a short, zoetrope-like advertisement used to be seen in the tunnel before entering Exchange Place. There also used to be one on 33rd Street-bound trains between 14th and 23rd Streets near the abandoned 19th Street station.[105]

Every year, around Thanksgiving, PATH employees light a decorated Christmas tree at a switching station in the tunnel used by trains running from 33rd Street and Hoboken into the Pavonia/Newport station. This tradition has continued since the 1950s when a signal operator, Joe Wojtowicz, started hanging a string of Christmas lights in the tunnel. While PATH officials were initially concerned about putting up decorations in the tunnel, they later acquiesced and the tradition continues to this day. After the September 11, 2001 attacks, a back-lit U.S. flag was put up beside the tree as a tribute to the victims of the attacks.[106]

PATH trains and stations have occasionally been the setting for music videos, commercials, and TV programs, sometimes as a stand-in for the New York City Subway.

Notable examples are the video for the White Stripes's song "The Hardest Button to Button", which was taped at the 33rd Street station,[107] as well as the video for the song "Rattled by the Rush" by the band Pavement, which was taped at Newport. The Law & Order: Special Victims Unit episode "Control", and the Law & Order episode "Tabula Rasa" was also filmed in the PATH system.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "2016 PATH Ridership Report" (PDF). pathnynj.gov. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  2. ↑ "PATH Ridership Report" (PDF). pathnynj.gov. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  3. ↑ "World Trade Center Progress" (pdf). The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. February 2010. p. 2. Retrieved August 31, 2014.
  4. ↑ "2016 Ridership Report" (PDF). PANYNJ. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Should the NYC subway map include N.J.? This man thinks so, and he's not alone". Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  6. ↑ "PATH". Metrocard. The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Retrieved February 2, 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Fitzherbert, Anthony (June 1964). ""The Public Be Pleased": William G. McAdoo and the Hudson Tubes". Electric Railroaders Association, nycsubway.org. Retrieved January 9, 2012.
  8. ↑ Gilbert, Gilbert H.; Wightman, Lucius I.; Saunders, W.L. (1912). The Subways and Tunnels of New York. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 155–159.
  9. ↑ "$100,000,000 Capital for M'Adoo Tunnels". New York Times. December 12, 1906.
  10. ↑ Cudahy, p. 18.
  11. ↑ Davies, J. Vipond (1911). "The Hudson and Manhattan Tunnels". Proceedings of the American Electric Railway Association. New York: American Electric Railway Association.
  12. ↑ "Trolley Tunnel Open to New Jersey". The New York Times. February 26, 1908. p. 1. Retrieved October 27, 2008. The natural barrier which has separated New York from New Jersey since those States came into existence was, figuratively speaking, wiped away at 3:40½ o'clock yesterday afternoon when the first of the two twin tubes of the McAdoo tunnel system was formally opened, thus linking Manhattan with Hoboken, and establishing a rapid transit service beneath the Hudson River.
  13. ↑ "To Extend Hudson Tunnel". The New York Times. June 12, 1908. p. 6. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  14. ↑ "Erie Commuters Held Up". The New York Times. August 3, 1909. p. 1. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  15. ↑ "Subway Station Not Closed", The New York Times, 1910, August 26, p. 6.
  16. ↑ "M'Adoo Would Build A West Side Subway". The New York Times. September 16, 1910. p. 10. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  17. ↑ "Open McAdoo Extension". The New York Times. November 10, 1910. p. 10. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  18. ↑ "Open Pennsylvania Station To-night". The New York Times. November 26, 1910. p. 5. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  19. ↑ "Improved Transit Facilities by Newark High Speed Line". The New York Times. October 1, 1911. p. XX2. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  20. ↑ "Tube Service to Newark". The New York Times. November 26, 1911. p. 9. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  21. ↑ "Under the Hudson by Four Tubes Now". The New York Times. July 18, 1909. p. 3. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  22. ↑ Dunlap, David W. (October 26, 2008). "Another Ghost From Ground Zero’s Past Fades Away". The New York Times. Retrieved October 27, 2008. The Hudson Terminal opened in 1909. Inbound trains from New Jersey approached the terminal from the south, looped along Church Street and ran outbound through a northern tube.
  23. ↑ "McAdoo Co. May Use Pennsylvania Depot". The New York Times. September 2, 1908. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  24. ↑ "New Station Open for Hudson Tubes". The New York Times. June 20, 1937. p. 35. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  25. ↑ Times, Special To The New York (1954-08-12). "HUDSON TUBES PETITION; Reorganizing and Naming of Trustee Asked of Court". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  26. ↑ "HUDSON TUBE DEAL ON TAX APPROVED; U.S. Court Endorses Action in Favor of Railroad on City and New Jersey Claims". The New York Times. 1956-08-02. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  27. ↑ "Creditors Back Plan to Revamp Hudson and Manhattan Railroad; CREDITORS BACK PLAN FOR H. & M.". The New York Times. 1960-06-11. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  28. ↑ Grutzner, Charles (1961-12-29). "PORT UNIT BACKS LINKING OF H. & M. AND OTHER LINES; Favors Plan for Connections in Jersey -- Trade Center Shift Is Supported PORT UNIT BACKS BIG TRANSIT PLAN". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  29. ↑ Wright, George Cable (1962-01-23). "2 STATES AGREE ON HUDSON TUBES AND TRADE CENTER; New York and Jersey Settle on Bill to Permit Port Authority Operation NEW TERMINAL PLANNED Downtown H. & M. Depot to Be Erected in Conjunction With Commerce Unit Rehabilitation Due ACCORD REACHED ON HUDSON TUBES Savings Expected Boundaries Defined". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-01.
  30. ↑ "Authority Trains Winning Plaudits". The New York Times. September 4, 1967. Five years ago, the Port of New York Authority took over the bankrupt and antiquated Hudson Tubes. Yesterday the management, employes and commuters appeared reasonably pleased with the improvements made under the Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation.
  31. ↑ "Bloated, Broke, and Bullied". April 5, 2016. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  32. ↑ Wilson, Joyce Wells (April 1988). "No Free Rides Business". Journal of New Jersey.
  33. ↑ Yarrow, Andrew L. (August 12, 1990). "Port Authority Plans Outlined". The New York Times.
  34. ↑ "TV Ads Are Spreading To Subways and Malls". The New York Times. January 1, 1990. The newest transit video network is now being installed in the PATH rail system, which shuttles 200,000 passengers daily between New Jersey and Manhattan. Three dozen 35-inch-screen monitors are already up and running in the World Trade Center station and the installation of the remaining 130 monitors in 12 PATH stations is scheduled to be completed by the end of this month.
  35. ↑ Levine, Richard (February 3, 1991). "As Economy Changes, the Port Authority Must Overcome Its Own Image". The New York Times.
  36. ↑ Romano, Jay (March 15, 1992). "For PATH, On-Time Record of 90 Percent". The New York Times.
  37. ↑ "world.nycsubway.org: PATH Port Authority Trans-Hudson". Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  38. ↑ Peterson, Iver (December 22, 1992). "PATH Back In Operation After Repairs". The New York Times.
  39. ↑ McFadden, Robert D. (February 27, 1993). "Blast Hits Trade Center, Bomb Suspected; 5 Killed, Thousands Flee Smoke In Towers". The New York Times.
  40. ↑ Newkirk, Pamela (February 28, 1993). "Now, the Cleanup, Work begins assessing the damage". Newsday. New York.
  41. ↑ Marks, Peter (March 1, 1993). "PATH and Subway Service Is Being Restored". The New York Times.
  42. ↑ "Downtown Restoration Program - THE PORT AUTHORITY OF NY&NJ". Archived from the original on January 11, 2009. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
  43. ↑ "Press Release Article". panynj.gov.
  44. ↑ "Press Release Article". panynj.gov.
  45. ↑ "The path to a new PATH". June 29 – July 5, 2007. Retrieved July 10, 2007.
  46. ↑ "Imperfect already?". City Blog. The New York Times. February 25, 2014.
  47. ↑ "ThreatsWatch.Org: InBrief: Foreign Plot to Bomb Holland Tunnel Thwarted - Updated". threatswatch.org.
  48. ↑ wcbstv.com – For Centennial, PATH Offers Free Train Rides
  49. ↑ "Siemens venture signs $321M PATH rail deal". Metro Magazine. January 19, 2010. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
  50. ↑ PATH resignalling deal onfirmed, railwaygazette.com, January 19, 2010
  51. 1 2 https://www.wsj.com/articles/APda7e4850e4484e0ca3d94672397fcc38 Archived November 1, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  52. ↑ Goldman, Russell. "Hurricane Sandy: Live Updates". ABC News. American Broadcasting Company. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  53. ↑ Rudd, Andy (October 30, 2012). "Hurricane Sandy: At least 16 dead as superstorm batters New Jersey coastline". Daily Mirror. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  54. ↑ "Maps & Schedule: PATH Partial Service Restoration". PATH website. The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Retrieved November 18, 2012.
  55. ↑ "Recent PATHAlerts [Nov. 24–26]". Port Authority Alerts & Advisories. The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
  56. ↑ "PATH train repairs to cost $300M, with Hoboken station staying closed 'for weeks'". NorthJersey.com. November 27, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  57. ↑ "Port Authority to Take Measures to Speed the Return of Service to Hoboken". The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  58. ↑ Hack, Charles (December 19, 2012). "Hoboken commuters' verdict: reopened PATH train service was 'flawless'". The Jersey Journal. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
  59. ↑ "PATH Trains to Resume 24-Hour Service Tonight". The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
  60. ↑ "Governors Christie and Cuomo Announce Full Restoration of PATH Service Between Hoboken and World Trade Center". The Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. Retrieved February 11, 2013.
  61. ↑ "FY 2004–06 Transportation Improvement Program" (PDF). Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  62. ↑ "Port authority to undertake study on extending path rail service to newark liberty international airport" (Press release). PANYNJ. September 20, 2012. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
  63. ↑ "Governor Pataki and Mayor Bloomberg Announce Closing of Multi-billion Dollar Agreement to Extend Airport Leases" (Press release). Port Authority of New York & New Jersey. November 30, 2004. Retrieved July 3, 2011.
  64. ↑ "Sources: Christie to back $1B PATH extension in Newark". Crain's. September 11, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
  65. ↑ "Mixed Signals on New PATH to the Airport - WSJ.com". The Wall Street Journal. October 3, 2002. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  66. ↑ "PORT AUTHORITY BOARD APPROVES HISTORIC $27.6 BILLION 10-YEAR CAPITAL PLAN THAT FOCUSES THE AGENCY ON ITS CORE TRANSPORTATION MISSION". Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. February 19, 2014.
  67. ↑ Boburg, Shawn (February 4, 2014). "Port Authority plans to extend PATH to Newark airport". The Record. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
  68. ↑ "PORT AUTHORITY UNVEILS COMPREHENSIVE, PROPOSED $27.6 BILLION CAPITAL PLAN TO REVITALIZE REGION’S TRANSPORTATION ASSETS" (Press release). PANYNJ. February 4, 2014. Retrieved February 4, 2014.
  69. ↑ Press Release Article - Port Authority of NY & NJ. Panynj.gov. Retrieved on June 23, 2014.
  70. ↑ "Construction on PATH airport extension to start in 2018". NJ.com. Retrieved October 22, 2014.
  71. ↑ Magyar, Mark J. (October 24, 2014). "Christie’s Airport PATH Deal Undercuts Rail Tunnel, PA Bus Terminal Needs". NJ Spotlight. Retrieved October 24, 2014.
  72. ↑ Milo, Paul (December 17, 2014). "Port Authority hires firm to study PATH line extension to Newark Airport". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved December 17, 2014.
  73. ↑ PANYNJ Proposed Capital Plan 2017-2026, page 38 January 11, 2017
  74. ↑ http://www.njspotlight.com/stories/17/04/30/what-s-the-plan-for-path-service-to-newark-liberty-airport/
  75. 1 2 3 4 Cowan, Alison Leigh; Secret, Mosi (May 8, 2011). "Dozens Injured as Train Crashes in New Jersey". The New York Times. Retrieved May 8, 2011.
  76. 1 2 "PATH train crashes into platform at Hoboken Terminal". Retrieved May 8, 2011.
  77. ↑ 5 Injured in Escalator Accident at NJ Rail Station (ABC News: January 7, 2013) Archived January 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.
  78. ↑ "The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey - PATH". March 29, 2006. Archived from the original on March 29, 2006. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  79. ↑ "PATH Rapid-Transit System". The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. Retrieved October 27, 2008. The Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation (PATH) was established in 1962 as a subsidiary of The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. The heavy rail transit system serves as the primary transit link between Manhattan and neighboring New Jersey urban communities and suburban railroads. PATH presently carries 242,000 passengers each weekday. This volume is expected to continue to increase with the anticipated growth in regional residential, commercial and business development.
  80. ↑ "The PATH Turns 100". The New York Times. February 26, 2008. Retrieved October 30, 2016.
  81. ↑ Baer, Christopher T. (April 2015). "A General Chronology of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company Its Predecessors and Successors and Its Historical Context: 1932" (PDF). Pennsylvania Railroad Technical Historical Society. p. 29. Retrieved December 7, 2015.
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  86. ↑ http://www.panynj.gov/path/smartlink-gray.html
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  88. ↑ Marsico, Ron (July 4, 2007). "Lower Manhattan now offers PATH to a smarter commute". The Star-Ledger. Retrieved July 10, 2007.
  89. ↑ "Harrison hopes upgraded PATH station will help welcome commuters with a grand new view". The Star Ledger. Newark. April 5, 2012. Retrieved April 5, 2012.
  90. ↑ "New York PATH Railway Upgrade". railway-technology.com.
  91. ↑ New PATH Train Cars, MyFoxNY.com, published July 10, 2009, retrieved July 10, 200 Archived February 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
  92. ↑ Go to side menu: PATH → Updated 2007–2016 Capital Plan Overview → PATH Cars Archived August 14, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
  93. ↑ "Port Authority Trans-Hudson Corporation Minutes" (PDF). August 5, 2010. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  94. ↑ PowerPoint Presentation. (PDF) . Retrieved on June 23, 2014.
  95. ↑ "9/11 survivor to Shore Line Museum". Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  96. ↑ "9/11 surviving PATH Subway Car will arrive at SLTM – Thursday, August 6th 11:15 AM - The Shore Line Trolley Museum Operated by the Branford Electric Railway Association, 17 River Street, East Haven, CT, 06512". Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  97. ↑ "PATH train cars that survived 9/11 on display in CT, NY trolley museums". December 4, 2015. Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  98. ↑ "PATH 5741". Rrpicturearchives.net. June 19, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2013.
  99. ↑ "Federal Railroad Administration: Passenger Rail; Chapter 1". Retrieved March 3, 2009.
  100. ↑ http://www.panynj.gov/path/pdf/PATH-Rules-Regulations-12-20-15.pdf
  101. ↑ "Safety & Security - PATH Policy - The Port Authority of NY & NJ". Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  102. ↑ "Photography and The Law: Know Your Rights - Photojojo". Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  103. ↑ Krages, Bert (November 1, 2006). "Legal Handbook for Photographers: The Rights and Liabilities of Making Images". Amherst Media, Inc. Retrieved April 6, 2017 – via Amazon.
  104. ↑ "NY-NJ Path Station Photo Permits Lawsuit". Retrieved April 6, 2017.
  105. ↑ Jacobs, Karrie (July 2006). "The Ad at the End of the Tunnel". Metropolis. Bellerophon Publications. ISSN 0279-4977.
  106. ↑ "Holiday tree decorates PATH tunnel", Jersey Journal, December 20, 2001.
  107. ↑ Kaufman, Gil (October 13, 2003). "The Story Behind The White Stripes' 'Hardest Button': Lens Recap". MTV.com. Retrieved October 2, 2013.

Bibliography

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