Porsche 991

Porsche (991)
Porsche (991.2)
Overview
Manufacturer Porsche
Also called Porsche 911
Porsche Carrera
Production 2011–present
Assembly Stuttgart, Germany
Designer Michael Mauer
Body and chassis
Class Sports car (S)
Body style 2-door coupe
2-door targa
2-door convertible
Layout Rear engine, rear wheel drive / all wheel drive
Related Ruf RGT
Porsche Cayman
Porsche Boxster
Powertrain
Engine 3.0 L Flat-six engine TT
3.4 L Flat-six engine
3.8 L Flat-six engine
3.8 L Flat-six engine TT
4.0 L Flat-six engine
Transmission 6-speed manual
7-speed manual
7-speed PDK
Dimensions
Wheelbase 2,450 mm (96.5 in), 2,457 mm (96.7 in) (GT3)
Length 4,491 mm (176.8 in) (Carrera), 4,506 mm (177.4 in) (Turbo), 4,545 mm (178.9 in) (GT3)
Width 1,808 mm (71.2 in) (Carrera), 1,880 mm (74.0 in) (Turbo), 1,852 mm (72.9 in) (GT3)
Height 1,303 mm (51.3 in) (Carrera), 1,296 mm (51.0 in) (Turbo), 1,269 mm (50.0 in) (GT3)
Curb weight 1,435 kg (3,164 lb) (Carrera)
1,605 kg (3,538 lb) (Turbo)
1,430 kg (3,150 lb) (GT3)
1,420 kg (3,130 lb) (GT3 RS)
1,485 kg (3,274 lb) (GTS)
1,539 kg (3,393 lb) (Carrera 4S)
1,696 kg (3,739 lb) (Turbo S Cabriolet)
1,646 kg (3,629 lb) (Targa 4S)
1,627 kg (3,587 lb) (Turbo S)
1,495 kg (3,296 lb) (Carrera S)
1,554 kg (3,426 lb) (Carrera S Cabriolet)
Chronology
Predecessor Porsche 997

The Porsche 991 is the internal designation for the seventh generation Porsche 911 which was unveiled at the 2011 Frankfurt Motor Show on 15 September as the replacement for the 997. The 991 is an entirely new platform, only the third since the original 911 launched in 1963 (the 996 of 1999 was the second new platform). The design has taken an evolutionary step, in keeping with the previous generation 997 and 996. The designer of the 991 is Porsche's Chief Designer Michael Mauer.

Design

As usual for the Porsche 911, the 991 generation is an evolutionary design step. Two basic principles were strictly respected: the roof line is less arched and tapers down into the rear and the front wings are higher than the lid.

Compared to the outgoing 997, the 991 is slightly larger, with the wheelbase increased by 100 mm (3.9 in) to 2,450 millimetres (96.5 in), and the overall length up by 70 mm (2.8 in) to 4,490 millimetres (176.8 in).[1] A new transaxle was developed so that the rear wheels could be moved 76 millimetres (3 in) backward in relation to the position of the engine, which significantly improves the weight distribution and cornering performance of the new 911.[2][3]

Due to the use of high-strength steels, aluminium and some composites the weight has been reduced to 1,380 kg (3,040 lb) for the manual Carrera, rising to 1,605 kg (3,538 lb) for the four wheel drive Turbo model with PDK (Porsche Doppelkupplung). PDK is available as an option for all 911 Carrera models as 7-speed transmission, featuring manual and automatic modes. Gears 1 to 6 have a sports ratio and top speed is reached in 6th gear. 7th gear has a long ratio and helps to reduce fuel consumption by keeping engine revs low. PDK is essentially two gearboxes in one and thus requires two clutches. For all 991 models PDK is produced by ZF Friedrichshafen. The auto start/stop function is standard in the 911 Carrera models.

First generation (2011–2016) (991)

911 Carrera and Carrera S (2011–2015)

Porsche 991 Carrera

Base models, introduced in September 2011 at the Frankfurt Motor Show. The Carrera is equipped with a 3.4 litre boxer engine with direct fuel injection, 350 PS (257 kW; 345 bhp) at 7,400 rpm and 390 N·m (288 lb·ft) at 5,600 rpm. The Carrera S has a 3.8 litre engine with 400 PS (294 kW; 395 bhp) at 7,400 rpm and 440 N·m (325 lb·ft) at 5,600 rpm.

The convertible model of the 991 was announced in both Carrera and Carrera S versions, at the LA Motor Show in November 2011.[4]

In September 2012 at the Paris Motor Show, all-wheel-drive variants – the Carrera 4 and 4S, were added to the line-up.

911 Carrera GTS (2014–2015)

2015 Porsche 911 Carrera 4 GTS

Introduced in November 2014 at the LA Motor Show, the 991 Carrera GTS sits between the Carrera S and GT3. Base options included with purchase: 430 PS (316 kW; 424 bhp) PowerKit, Sport Chrono Package, Sport Exhaust System, Dynamic Engine Mounts, 10mm lowered suspension, Porsche Torque Vectoring (PTM) system, LED daytime running lights with Porsche Dynamic Lighting System (PDLS), Sport Design Front Spoiler, Sport Design Rear Mirrors, GTS badging, and 20" Centerlock wheels. When optioned with PDK, 0–60 mph is achieved consistently at 3.8 seconds with the help of Launch Control.

911 Targa 4 and 4S (2014–2015)

Porsche 911 Targa 4S

At the Detroit Motor Show in January 2014, Porsche introduced the Targa 4 and Targa 4S models. These new derivatives come equipped with an all-new roof technology with the original targa design, now with an all-electric cabriolet roof along with the B-pillar and the glass 'dome' at the rear.

On January 12, 2015, Porsche announced the 911 Targa GTS at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Similar in appearance to the existing Targa 4 and 4S models, the GTS added the 430 PS (316 kW; 424 bhp) engine plus several otherwise optional features.[5]

911 GT3 (2013–2015)

(See main article: Porsche 911 GT3)

With the introduction at the Geneva Motor Show, in March 2013, of the latest GT3 model came the announcement of active rear steering. It is claimed by Porsche to provide higher lateral dynamics than previously available. Car speed inputs determine whether the rears steer in the same or opposite direction of the front wheels. It is the first GT3 offered only with automatic transmission.

At the start of 2014, deliveries of the GT3 were halted following two fires.[6] A subsequent recall to replace the engines of all 785 cars was announced in March 2014 before manufacturing of the GT3 would restart.[7]

Porsche 911 Targa 4

911 GT3 RS (2015–2016)

Porsche 911 GT3 RS

(See main article: Porsche 911 GT3)

Porsche launched the RS version of the 991 GT3 at the Geneva Motor Show in 2015.[8] Compared to the 991 GT3, the front fenders are now equipped with louvers above the wheels and the rear fenders now include 911 Turbo-like intakes, rather than an intake below the rear wing. The roof is made from magnesium. The interior includes full bucket seats (based on the carbon seats of the 918 Spyder), carbon-fibre inserts, lightweight door handles and the Club Sport Package as standard (a bolted-on roll cage behind the front seats, preparation for a battery master switch, and a six-point safety harness for the driver and fire extinguisher with mounting bracket).

The 3.8-litre unit found in the 991 GT3 is replaced with a 4.0-litre unit with 500 horsepower and 339 lb·ft (460 N·m) of torque. The transmission is PDK only. The drivetrain delivers 0 to 100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.3 seconds (0.6 seconds quicker than the 997 GT3 RS 4.0) and 0–200 km/h (0–124 mph) in 10.9 seconds. The 991 GT3 RS also comes with functions such as declutching by "paddle neutral" — comparable to pressing the clutch with a conventional manual gearbox – and Pit Speed limiter button. As with the 991 GT3, there is rear-axle steering and Porsche Torque Vectoring Plus with fully variable rear axle differential lock.

Porsche 911 GT3

911 R (2016)

Porsche 911 R

Revealed at the 2016 Geneva Motor Show on March 1, the 911 R shares most of its underpinnings with the GT3 RS, but removes the roll cage, rear wing, and associated bodywork for a weight savings of 50 kg. The R comes only with a 6-speed manual transmission, and has a top speed of 323 km/h (201 mph) due to a lower drag coefficient compared to the GT3 RS. It also offers additional options for a lighter flywheel and removal of the air conditioning and audio systems. Production will be limited to 991 examples, as a 2016 model.[9]

911 Turbo and Turbo S (2013–2015)

911 Turbo
Porsche 911 Turbo S

Introduced in May 2013, the 991 Turbo has a twin-turbocharged 3.8 litre engine generating 520 PS (382 kW; 513 bhp) and 620 N·m (457 lb·ft) of torque.[10] The S version has 560 PS (412 kW; 552 bhp) and 700 N·m (516 lb·ft) of torque, but the torque is pushed to 750 N·m (553 lb·ft) with overboost. Both vehicles have all-wheel drive and a seven-speed dual clutch sequential transmission. The Turbo S can reach 100 km/h (62 mph) in 3.1 seconds as claimed by Porsche but has achieved 2.6 seconds by many car magazine tests.[11][12] New technologies featuring adaptive aerodynamics and rear wheel steer are new on these cars.

Turbo Cabriolet and Turbo S Cabriolet versions were added to the range at the 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show.[13]

Engines

Model Engine cc Power Torque
Carrera 3,436 cc (210 cu in) 350 PS (257 kW; 345 bhp) @ 7,400 rpm 390 N·m (288 lb·ft) @ 5,600 rpm
Carrera S 3,800 cc (232 cu in) 400 PS (294 kW; 395 bhp) @ 7,400 rpm 440 N·m (325 lb·ft) @ 5,600 rpm
Carrera GTS/S Powerkit 3,800 cc (232 cu in) 430 PS (316 kW; 424 bhp) @ 7,400 rpm 440 N·m (325 lb·ft) @ 5,600 rpm
GT3 3,799 cc (232 cu in) 475 PS (349 kW; 469 bhp) @ 8,250 rpm 440 N·m (325 lb·ft) @ 6,250 rpm
GT3 RS 4,000 cc (244 cu in) 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp) @ 8,250rpm 460 N·m (339 lb·ft) @ 6,250 rpm
911 R 4,000 cc (244 cu in) 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp) @ 8,250rpm 460 N·m (339 lb·ft) @ 6,250 rpm
Turbo 3,800 cc (232 cu in) 520 PS (382 kW; 513 bhp) @ 6,000 rpm 660 N·m (487 lb·ft) @ 1,950 rpm (710 N·m (524 lb·ft) overboost)
Turbo S 3,800 cc (232 cu in) 560 PS (412 kW; 552 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm 700 N·m (516 lb·ft) @ 2,100 rpm (750 N·m (553 lb·ft) overboost)

Performance

Model Transmission Engine Top speed Acceleration (0–100 km/h) Emissions CO2
Carrera 7-speed manual 3.4L 289 km/h (180 mph) 4.8 sec 211 g/km
Carrera 7-speed PDK 3.4L 287 km/h (178 mph) 4.6 sec 191 g/km
Carrera (sc) 7-speed PDK 3.4L 287 km/h (178 mph) 4.4 sec 191 g/km
Carrera S 7-speed manual 3.8L 304 km/h (189 mph) 4.5 sec 223 g/km
Carrera S 7-speed PDK 3.8L 302 km/h (188 mph) 4.3 sec 202 g/km
Carrera S (sc) 7-speed PDK 3.8L 302 km/h (188 mph) 4.1 sec 202 g/km
Carrera S (sc/pk) 7-speed PDK 3.8L 308 km/h (191 mph) 4.0 sec 205 g/km
GT3 7-speed PDK 3.8L 315 km/h (196 mph) 3.5 sec 289 g/km
GT3 RS 7-speed PDK 4.0L 315 km/h (196 mph) 3.3 sec 296 g/km
911 R 6-speed manual 4.0L 323 km/h (201 mph) 3.8 sec 308 g/km
Turbo 7-speed PDK 3.8L TT 315 km/h (196 mph) 3.4 sec 227 g/km
Turbo (sc) 7-speed PDK 3.8L TT 315 km/h (196 mph) 3.2 sec 227 g/km
Turbo S 7-speed PDK 3.8L TT 318 km/h (198 mph) 3.1 sec 227 g/km

(SC) = Sport Chrono (PK) = Powerkit

Second generation (2015–present) (991.2)

Following an introduction at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show, the 991 was revised for the 2016 model year. The updated Porsche 911 (referred to as 991.2 internally at Porsche) introduced new styling and options, along with all new, smaller 3.0-litre twin-turbocharged flat-six engines across the range. This was the first time standard Carrera models had adopted turbocharged engines rather than naturally aspirated ones, which was criticised for lacking engine noise and feeling that previous non-turbo variations had.

Initially available models include coupé and cabriolet versions of Carrera and Carrera S, with Carrera 4, Carrera 4S, Targa 4 and Targa 4S coming a few weeks later.

In December 2015, Turbo and Turbo S versions were launched. In 2017, GTS versions were launched. Later on in the year at the 2017 Geneva Motor Show, the facelifted GT3 was revealed, sporting a larger 4.0-litre flat-six engine, aerodynamic upgrades, a revised look and an optional 6-speed manual gearbox, something which was absent on the 991.1-generation GT3.

Engines

Model Engine cc Power Torque
Carrera 2,981 cc (182 cu in) 370 PS (272 kW; 365 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm 450 N·m (332 lb·ft) @ 1,700 – 5,000 rpm
Carrera S 2,981 cc (182 cu in) 420 PS (309 kW; 414 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm 500 N·m (369 lb·ft) @ 1,700 – 5,000 rpm
GTS 2,981 cc (182 cu in) 450 PS (331 kW; 444 bhp) @ 6,500 rpm 550 N·m (406 lb·ft) @ 2,150 – 5,000 rpm
GT3 4,000 cc (244 cu in) 500 PS (368 kW; 493 bhp) @ 9,000 rpm 460 N·m (339 lb·ft)
Turbo 3,800 cc (232 cu in) 540 PS (397 kW; 533 bhp) @ 6,400 rpm 660 N·m (487 lb·ft) @ 1,950 – 5,000 rpm (710 N·m (524 lb·ft) overboost)
Turbo S 3,800 cc (232 cu in) 580 PS (427 kW; 572 bhp) @ 6,750 rpm 700 N·m (516 lb·ft) @ 2,100 – 4,250 rpm (750 N·m (553 lb·ft) overboost)
GT2 RS 3,800 cc (232 cu in) 700 PS (515 kW; 690 bhp) @ 6,750 rpm 700 N·m (516 lb·ft) @ 2,100 – 4,250 rpm (750 N·m (553 lb·ft) overboost)

Performance

Model Transmission Engine Top speed Acceleration (0–100 km/h) Emissions CO2
Carrera 7-speed manual 3.0L TT 295 km/h (183 mph) 4.6 sec 190 g/km
Carrera 7-speed PDK 3.0L TT 293 km/h (182 mph) 4.4 sec 169 g/km
Carrera S 7-speed manual 3.0L TT 308 km/h (191 mph) 4.3 sec 199 g/km
Carrera S 7-speed PDK 3.0L TT 293 km/h (182 mph) 4.2 sec 169 g/km
Carrera 4S 7-speed manual 3.0L TT 306 km/h (190 mph) 4.1 sec 174 g/km
Carrera 4S 7-speed PDK 3.0L TT 306 km/h (190 mph) 3.9 sec 174 g/km
Carrera GTS 7-speed PDK 3.0L TT 300 km/h (186 mph) 3.6 sec 188 g/km
GT3 6-speed manual 4.0L 320 km/h (199 mph) 3.9 sec 290 g/km
GT3 7-speed PDK 4.0L 318 km/h (198 mph) 3.4 sec 288 g/km
Turbo 7-speed PDK 3.8L TT 320 km/h (199 mph) 3.0 sec 212 g/km
Turbo S 7-speed PDK 3.8L TT 330 km/h (205 mph) 2.9 sec 212 g/km
GT2 RS 7-speed PDK 3.8L TT 340 km/h (211 mph) 2.8 sec 269 g/km

Awards

The Porsche 991 was titled World Performance Car 2012[14] shortly after famed Porsche designer Ferdinand Alexander Porsche died. The GT3 was awarded the title of World Performance Car Of The Year in 2014.[15]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Neil, Dan (11 February 2012). "Porsche's Magnificent First Stab at the New 911". The Wall Street Journal. p. D13.
  2. ↑ Tim Pollard (4 November 2010). "Porsche 911: 2011’s new 991 generation scooped". Car Magazine. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  3. ↑ Ben Pulman (26 July 2011). "Porsche 911 (2011) the clearest spyshots yet". Car Magazine. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  4. ↑ "Porsche 911 Cabriolet review". Daily Telegraph. 15 February 2012. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  5. ↑ "911 Targa 4 GTS and Cayenne Turbo S: Two World Premieres to Kick Off the New Year". Porsche AG – Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  6. ↑ "Porsche warns 911 GT3 owners to stop driving". Daily Telegraph. 20 February 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  7. ↑ "Porsche to replace all 911 GT3 engines after fire risk". Auto Express. 18 March 2014. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  8. ↑ "2016 Porsche 911 GT3 RS".
  9. ↑ "This is the Porsche 911 R, and it could be perfect". TopGear.com. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
  10. ↑ "Technical Specs – 911 Turbo – 911 Overview – Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG". Porsche AG – Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  11. ↑ "Technical Specs – 911 Turbo S – 911 Overview – Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG". Porsche AG – Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche AG. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  12. ↑ "Audi R8, Porsche 911 Turbo, BMW M6 und Nissan GT-R im Vergleich – autobild.de". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
  13. ↑ "2013 Porsche 911 Turbo gets Cabriolet version". Evo. 23 September 2013. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
  14. ↑ "Porsche 911 Named 2012 World Performance Car". sacbee.com. Retrieved 9 April 2012.
  15. ↑ "World Car Awards 2014". http://www.wcoty.com. Retrieved 25 April 2014. External link in |publisher= (help)
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