List of peasant revolts

This is a chronological list of conflicts in which peasants played a significant role.

Background

History of peasant wars spans over a period of over two thousand years. A variety of reasons fueled the emergence of the peasant revolt phenomenon, including:[1]

Later peasant revolts such as the Telangana Rebellion were also influenced by agrarian socialist ideologies.[2]

The majority of peasant rebellions ended prematurely and were unsuccessful. Peasants suffered from limited funding and lacked the training and organisational capabilities of professional armies.[3]

Chronological list

The list gives the name, the date, the peasant allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:

  Peasant victory
  Peasant defeat
  Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result unknown or indecisive)
  Ongoing conflict
Date Conflict State Peasants Result Image References
209-206 BC Anti-Qin revolts (including Dazexiang Uprising) Qin dynasty Peasants under several rebel leaders, including Chen Sheng, Wu Guang, Xiang Yu, and Liu Bang Qin dissolution [4]
205–186 BC Great revolt of the Egyptians Ptolemaic Kingdom Native Egyptian peasants and soldiers under secessionist Pharaohs Hugronaphor and Ankhmakis Suppression of the rebellion [5]
17-25 Lülin Xin dynasty Lülin rebels Collapse of Xin dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Liu Xiu after infighting among Lülin forces
17-27 Red Eyebrows Xin dynasty Red Eyebrows rebels Goal of the rebellion partially achieved, but eventual defeat of the movement by Liu Xiu
172-173 Bucolic War Roman Empire Egyptian peasants under Isidorus Suppression of the rebellion [6]
184–205 Yellow Turban Rebellion Han dynasty Yellow Turban rebels Suppression of the rebellion, though Han dynasty is severely weakened [7]
185–205 Heishan bandit movement Han dynasty Bandit confederacy of the Taihang Mountains
Gongsun Zan's forces
Suppression of the rebellion, though Han dynasty is severely weakened
3rd – 5th century Bagaudae Roman Empire Bagaudae
Suebi
Gain control of some territory; end with the general collpase of the Roman Empire
4th – late 5th century Circumcellions Roman Empire (until 435)
Catholic Church (until 435)
Vandal Kingdom (since 435)
African landlords
Berber and Roman peasants
Donatist authorities
Rebellious Roman military under Gildo (in 398)
End of Roman Catholic rule in Africa, but suppression of the rebellion by Vandals and Arian authorities [8]
611-619 Anti-Sui rebellions Sui dynasty Peasants under several rebel leaders
Defected military forces under several rebel generals, officials and nobles
Collapse of Sui dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Li Yuan after infighting among rebel forces
841–843 Stellinga Uprising Saxon nobility
Frankish military under Louis the German
Stellinga Suppression of the rebellion
859–860 Rebellion of Ch'iu Fu Tang dynasty Chinese peasants and bandits under Ch'iu Fu Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened [9]
874–878 Rebellion of Wang Xianzhi Tang dynasty Chinese peasants and bandits under Wang Xianzhi and Shang Junzhang Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened [10]
875–884 Rebellion of Huang Chao Tang dynasty Chinese peasants and bandits under Huang Chao Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened [11]
928–932 Basil the Copper Hand Rebellions Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire Peasants under Basil the Copper Hand Suppression of the rebellion [12]
993-995 Da Shu rebellion in Sichuan Song dynasty Peasants under Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun Suppression of the rebellion [13]
1277–1280 Uprising of Ivaylo Bulgarian nobility
Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire
Golden Horde
Peasants under Ivaylo Murder of Ivaylo [14]
1323–1328 Peasant revolt in Flanders Kingdom of France Flemish peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1343–1345 St. George's Night Uprising Teutonic Order
Denmark Kingdom of Denmark
Estonian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [15]
1351-1368 Red Turban Rebellion Yuan dynasty
Goryeo
Red Turban Armies of White Lotus members, Manichaeans and Chinese peasants Fall of Yuan dynasty and retreat of the Mongols into Mongolia as the Northern Yuan dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang after infighting among rebel forces
1358 Jacquerie Kingdom of France French peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1381 Peasants' Revolt Kingdom of England English peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1382 Harelle Kingdom of France French peasants Suppression of the rebellion [16]
1401–1404, 1409 Samogitian uprisings Teutonic Order
Švitrigaila's followers
Samogitian peasants
Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Goal of the rebellion largely achieved, though disputes over Samogitia continue until 1422
1428 Shocho uprising Ashikaga shogunate Japanese peasants Peasant debts cancelled.
1437 Budai Nagy Antal Revolt Kingdom of Hungary Transylvanian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1441 Kakitsu uprising Ashikaga shogunate Do-ikki (leagues) of peasants and jizamurai Peasant debts cancelled, Ashikaga shogunate is severely weakened. [17]
1441 Funen and Jutland Peasant rebellions Denmark Kingdom of Denmark Danish peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1450 Jack Cade Revolt Kingdom of England English peasants Suppression of the rebellion [18]
1450–1451 John and William Merfold's Uprising Kingdom of England English peasants Suppression of the rebellion [19]
1453–1454 Morea revolt of 1453–54 Byzantine Empire Despotate of the Morea
Ottoman Empire
Greek peasants under Manuel Kantakouzenos
Albanians under Peter Bua
Latin loyalists under John Asen Zaccaria
Suppression of the rebellion [20]
1462–1472, 1485–1486 Remença Catalan constitutionalists and nobility (1462–1472)
Crown of Aragon (1485–1486)
Catalan peasants
Royalists under John II of Aragon (1462–1472)
Goal of the rebellion largely achieved, Sentència de Guadalupe signed [21]
1478 Carinthian Peasant Revolt Holy Roman Empire Carinthian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [22]
1482–1511 Yamashiro-ikki uprisings Ashikaga shogunate Yamashiro peasant leagues
Hatakeyama clan
Hosokawa clan
Ōuchi clan
Most ikki submit to the shogunate in 1493, though continue to retain autonomy until gradual dissolution of the movement [23]
1487-1488 Kaga Rebellion Togashi clan Ikkō-ikki
Motoori clan
Yamagawa clan
Decisive victory for the Ikkō-ikki. [24]
1488–1582 Ikkō-ikki Uprisings Several major samurai clans (including Oda clan and Tokugawa clan)
Nichiren sect
Tendai sōhei
Jōdo-shū sōhei
Ikkō-shū peasant and ji-samurai leagues
Jōdo Shinshū sōhei
Mōri clan
Azai clan
Asakura clan
Destruction of most militant Ikkō-shū leagues; Jōdo Shinshū sect and remaining Ikkō-ikki submit to Toyotomi Hideyoshi [25]
1498–1878 Opryshky movement Kingdom of Poland
Holy Roman Empire
Ukrainian peasants Suppression of the movement
1511 Friulian Revolt Republic of Venice Friulian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1514 Poor Conrad Rebellion Duchy of Württemberg Württemberg peasants Suppression of the rebellion [26]
1514 György Dózsa Rebellion Kingdom of Hungary Hungarian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [27]
1515 Slovene Peasant Revolt Holy Roman Empire Slovene peasants Suppression of the rebellion [28]
1515–1523 Frisian peasant rebellion Habsburg Netherlands Arumer Zwarte Hoop
Charles II, Duke of Guelders
Suppression of the rebellion
1516–1521 Trần Cảo Rebellion Lê dynasty Vietnamese peasants under Trần Cảo and Trần Cung Suppression of the rebellion, though Lê dynasty is severely weakened [29]
1524–1525 German Peasants' War Swabian League German peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1524–1533 Dalecarlian Rebellions  Sweden Dalarna peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1525 Palatine Peasants' War Electoral Palatinate Palatine peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1534 Skipper Clement's Rebellion  Christian III
Denmark Kingdom of Denmark
Danish Peasants under Skipper Clement
 Christian II
Suppression of the rebellion
1540 Peasant's Rebellion in Telemark Denmark–Norway Norwegian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1542–1543 Dacke War  Sweden Småland peasants Suppression of the rebellion [30]
1549 Kett's Rebellion Kingdom of England English peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1573 Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt Holy Roman Empire Slovene peasants
Croatian peasants
Suppression of the rebellion [31]
1596–1597 Cudgel War Sweden Sweden Finnish peasants Suppression of the rebellion [32]
1606–1607 Bolotnikov Rebellion Tsardom of Russia Russian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1626–1636 Peasants' War in Upper Austria Electorate of Bavaria Austrian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [33]
1630–1645 Rebellion of Li Zicheng Ming dynasty (1630–1644)
Qing Dynasty (1644–1645)
Peasants under Li Zicheng, Gao Guiying and other generals of the Shun dynasty Collapse of Ming dynasty, but suppression of the rebellion by Qing dynasty
1630–1647 Rebellion of Zhang Xianzhong Ming dynasty (1630–1644)
Qing Dynasty (1644–1647)
Peasants and bandits under Zhang Xianzhong Collapse of Ming dynasty, but suppression of the rebellion by Qing dynasty [34]
1637–1638 Shimabara Rebellion Tokugawa shogunate
Netherlands Dutch Empire
Christian peasants and rōnin Suppression of the rebellion [35]
1651 Kostka-Napierski Uprising Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish peasants Suppression of the rebellion [36]
1652 Guo Huaiyi Rebellion Dutch East India Company
Aboriginal Taiwanese
Chinese peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1653 Swiss peasant war of 1653 Republic of the Swiss Swiss peasants Suppression of the rebellion [37]
1667–1671 Stepan Razin Rebellion Tsardom of Russia Russian peasants
Don Cossacks
Suppression of the rebellion [38]
1669–1670 Peasant Rebellion in Podhale Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish peasants Suppression of the rebellion [39]
1705–1706 Bavarian People's Uprising  Habsburg Monarchy Bavarian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1707–1708 Bulavin Rebellion Tsardom of Russia Russian peasants
Don Cossacks
Suppression of the rebellion
1730–1769 Peasant revolts for the restoration of the Lê dynasty and land reforms Trịnh lords
Nguyễn lords
Vietnamese peasants
Lê dynasty
Suppression of the rebellions and eventual collapse of Lê dynasty, but start of Tây Sơn Revolt
1768–1769 Koliyivshchyna Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Russia Russian Empire
Haidamaka movement Suppression of the rebellion
1769–1788 Tây Sơn Revolt Nguyễn lords (until 1776)
Nguyễn Ánh's forces (since 1776)
Trịnh lords (until 1786)
Siam (in 1785)
Lê dynasty (1786-1788)
Qing Dynasty (1787-1788)
Tây Sơn dynasty Goal of the rebellion achieved; reunification of Vietnam and introduction of land reforms under Tây Sơn dynasty
1773–1775 Pugachev's Rebellion  Russian Empire Russian peasants
Ural Cossacks
Bashkirs
Suppression of the rebellion [40]
1784 Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan  Austrian Empire Romanian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [41]
1790 Saxon Peasants' Revolt Saxony Saxon peasants Suppression of the rebellion [42]
1793–1796 War in the Vendée France French Republic Catholic and Royal Army
Kingdom of France Chouan rebels
Kingdom of France Émigrés
 Great Britain
Suppression of the rebellion
1793–1804 Chouannerie France French Republic Kingdom of France Chouan rebels
Catholic and Royal Army
Kingdom of France Émigrés
 Great Britain
Suppression of the rebellion
1794 Kościuszko Uprising  Russian Empire
Kingdom of Prussia Kingdom of Prussia
Polish loyalists
Polish nationalist nobility
Polish peasants
Polish Jacobins
Suppression of the rebellion [43]
1794–1804 White Lotus Rebellion Qing Dynasty White Lotus rebels Suppression of the rebellion
1798 Peasants' War France French Republic Low countries peasants Suppression of the rebellion [44]
1809 Tyrolean Rebellion France French Empire
 Bavaria
Saxony
 Napoleonic Italy
Tyrolean peasants
 Austria
Suppression of the rebellion
1809 Gottscheer Rebellion France First French Empire Austrian Empire Gottschee German peasants
Slovene peasants
Suppression of the rebellion
1834 Palestinian Peasant Revolt Egypt Eyalet Palestinian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [45]
1846 Galician slaughter  Austrian Empire Kosynierzy De facto suppression of the rebellion, although it was sparked and extinguished by the Austrian authorities and eventually led to abolition of serfdom in Galicia and Lodomeria two years later. [46]
1850–1864 Taiping Rebellion Qing Dynasty Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Suppression of the rebellion
1858 Mahtra War  Russia Estonian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [47]
1884 Chichibu Incident  Japan Japanese peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1894–1895 Donghak Peasant Revolution  Japan
Korean Empire Joseon Dynasty
Korean peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1896–1897 War of Canudos First Brazilian Republic Canudos inhabitants Suppression of the rebellion
1905-1908 Maji Maji Rebellion German East Africa Matumbi people, Ngoni people, and other Tanganyikans Suppression of the rebellion [48]
1907 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt Kingdom of Romania Romanian peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1913 Peasant revolt in Northern Shaanxi Republic of China Chinese poppy farmers and bandits under a sect leader Spread of the revolt; poppy plant eradication campaign stopped [49]
1914 Peasant Revolt in Albania Principality of Albania
Catholic Militia
Muslim peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1916 Urkun  Russian Empire Kyrgyz and Kazakh peasants Suppression of the rebellion [50]
1917 October Revolution  Russia Russian peasants and workers Beginning of the Russian Civil War
1918 Arsk Uprising  Russian SFSR Tatar peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1920 Pitchfork uprising Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR "Black Eagle" rebels Suppression of the rebellion
1920-1921 Tambov Rebellion Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Green armies Suppression of the rebellion
1921 Peasant Rebellion of Sorokino Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR Russian peasants and White Army veterans Suppression of the rebellion
1921 Malabar rebellion  India Indian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [51]
1927 Autumn Harvest Uprising Republic of China Hunan Soviet Suppression of the rebellion
1932 Salvadoran peasant massacre  El Salvador Salvadoran peasants Suppression of the rebellion
1932 Lesko uprising  Poland Polish peasants Suppression of the rebellion [52]
1932 Peasant uprising against poppy-tax collection in Su County Republic of China
Kuomintang members and allied gentry
Chinese poppy farmers and gentry under Wang Xiaobai and Ma Fengshan Suppression of the rebellion [53]
1932 Peasant uprising against poppy-tax collection in Lingbi County Republic of China Chinese poppy farmers under Tian Xuemin Goal of the rebellion achieved [54]
1944 Peasant revolt in Beichuan County Republic of China Chinese poppy farmers of Xiaoyuan and Houyuan Goal of the rebellion achieved [55]
1946–1951 Tebhaga movement Bengal landlords Bengal peasants (All India Kisan Sabha)
Communist Party of India
Goal of the rebellion partially achieved [56]
1946–1951 Telangana Rebellion Razakars
Hyderabad landlords
Hyderabad State
Hyderabad peasants (Andhra Mahasabha)
Communist Party of India
Goal of the rebellion achieved [57]
1950 Cazin rebellion  Yugoslavia Yugoslavian peasants Suppression of the rebellion [58]
1952–1960 Mau Mau Uprising British Kenya Kikuyu farmhanders Suppression of the rebellion
1959–1965 Escambray Rebellion  Cuba Cuban peasants
Batista loyalists
DRE
 United States
Suppression of the rebellion
1968-1969 Agbekoya  Nigeria Yoruba peasants Goal of the rebellion achieved
1970s 1970s peasant revolts in Thailand  Thailand Thai peasants Peasant leaders assassinated
1975–1991 Uprisings in Tigray and Eritrea; part of the Ethiopian Civil War Ethiopia Tigrayan and Eritrean peasants Derg overthrown; Eritrean independence [59]
1994 Zapatista uprising  Mexico Mexican indigenous peasants Ceasefire

See also

References

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Sources

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