Pop Rocks

Strawberry Pop Rocks
Pop Rocks

Pop Rocks is a carbonated candy with ingredients including sugar, lactose (milk sugar), and flavoring. It differs from typical hard candy in that it creates a fizzy reaction when it dissolves in one's mouth.

Background and history

The concept was patented by General Foods research chemists Leon T. Kremzner and William A. Mitchell on December 12, 1961 (U.S. patent #3,012,893),[1][2] but the candy was not offered to the public until 1975 by General Foods, which in 1983 withdrew it, citing its lack of success in the marketplace, and its relatively short shelf life.

Distribution was initially controlled to ensure freshness; but with its increasing popularity, unauthorized redistribution from market to market resulted in out-of-date product reaching consumers. After that, Kraft Foods licensed the Pop Rocks brand to Zeta Espacial S.A. who continued manufacturing the product under Kraft's license. Eventually Zeta Espacial S.A. became the brand's owner and sole manufacturer. Pop Rocks is distributed in the U.S. by Pop Rocks Inc. (Atlanta, Georgia) and by Zeta Espacial S.A. (Barcelona, Spain) in the rest of the world. Zeta Espacial S.A. also sells popping candy internationally under other brands including Peta Zetas, Fizz Wiz and Magic Gum.

In 2008, Dr. Marvin J. Rudolph, who led the group assigned to bring Pop Rocks out of the laboratory and into the manufacturing plant, wrote a history of Pop Rocks development. The book, titled Pop Rocks: The Inside Story of America's Revolutionary Candy, was based on interviews with food technologists, engineers, marketing managers, and members of Billy Mitchell's family, along with the author's experience. In the book, Dr. Rudolph points out that the Turkish company HLEKS Popping Candy flooded the market with popping candy in the year 2000, and have since become the international market leader, with more advanced and own patents making a lot of innovative products with popping candy.

A similar product, Cosmic Candy, previously called Space Dust, was in powdered form and was also manufactured by General Foods.[3]

In 2012, Cadbury Schweppes Pty. Ltd. (in Australia) began producing a chocolate product named "Marvellous Creations Jelly Popping Candy Beanies" which contains popping candy, jelly beans and beanies (candy covered chocolate).[4] By 2013 Whittakers (New Zealand) had also released a local product (white chocolate with a local carbonated drink "Lemon and Paeroa' or "L&P" for short). Prominent British chef Heston Blumenthal has also made several desserts incorporating popping candy, both for the peculiar sensory experience of the popping and for the nostalgia value of using an ingredient popular in the 1970s.[5][6][7]

Manufacturing

The candy is made by mixing its ingredients and heating them until they melt into a syrup, then exposing the mixture to pressurized carbon dioxide gas (about 600 pounds per square inch or 40 bar) and allowing it to cool. The process causes tiny high-pressure bubbles to be trapped inside the candy.[8] When it is placed in the mouth and comes into contact with saliva, the candy breaks and dissolves, releasing the carbon dioxide from the bubbles, resulting in a popping and sizzling sound and leaving a slight tingling sensation. It also releases carbon dioxide when coming in contact with any liquid. The bubbles in the candy pieces can be viewed using a microscope.

Urban legend

Rumors persisted that eating Pop Rocks and drinking soda would cause a person's stomach to boil and explode.[9] This was, in part, caused by the false assumption that Pop Rocks contain an acid/base mixture (such as baking soda and vinegar) which produces large volumes of gas when mixed through chewing and saliva. One of these myths involved a character named Mikey from the Life cereal commercials. Mikey, played by child actor John Gilchrist, was falsely rumored to have died after eating a Pop Rocks and Coca-Cola mixture—namely, a six-pack of Coca-Cola and six pouches of Pop Rocks.[9]

Though the confection had been extensively tested and found safe, the carbonated candy still alarmed residents in Seattle. The Food and Drug Administration set up a hotline there to assure anxious parents that the fizzing candy would not cause their children to choke. General Foods was battling the "exploding kid" rumors as early as 1979. General Foods sent letters to school principals,[10] created an open letter to parents,[11] took out advertisements in major publications and sent the confection's inventor on the road to explain that a Pop Rocks package contains less gas (namely, carbon dioxide, the same gas used in all carbonated beverages) than half a can of soda.

Because of the unique flavor of the legend, and the duration of its perpetuation, the story has appeared in many other forms of media and fiction. On the very first episode of MythBusters, Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman put the Mikey rumor to the test by mixing six packs of Pop Rocks and a six-pack of cola inside a pig's stomach, complete with enough hydrochloric acid to simulate the acid inside a human stomach. Despite the pig stomach growing to three times its initial size, it did not blow up even after time was allotted for digestion, and the myth, unlike the pig's stomach, was therefore busted — in another stomach used as an experimental counterpart, only a large amount of sodium bicarbonate along with acid and soda (and without any Pop Rocks) was able to cause a gastric rupture.[12] The broadcast included interview clips with Pop Rocks Inc. vice president Fernando Arguis explaining the candy and the myth, and Adam later alluded to the myth at a presentation at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute by showing that Pop Rocks and soda—albeit in a smaller amount—in his own stomach was not fatal.[13]

References

  1. ↑ Google Patents
  2. ↑ Video: ABC News, Pop Rocks celebrates 50 years (2006)
  3. ↑ Rumor in the Market Place, Fredrick Koenig, p.76
  4. ↑ Cadbury Marvellous Creations
  5. ↑ "Heston's Titanic Feast". Heston's Feasts. Channel 4.
  6. ↑ "Chocolate". How to Cook Like Heston. Channel 4.
  7. ↑ "Potato". How to Cook Like Heston. Channel 4.
  8. ↑ "Pop Rocks Candy FAQ". Archived from the original on November 3, 2001.
  9. 1 2 Mikkelson, Barbara (January 20, 2007). "Pop Rocks Death". Snopes. Retrieved 2007-08-19.
  10. ↑ Rudolph, Dr. Marvin J. (September 2006) Pop Rocks The Inside Story of America's Revolutionary Candy Appendix 5.
  11. ↑ Rudolph, Dr. Marvin J. (September 2006) Pop Rocks The Inside Story of America's Revolutionary Candy Appendix 3.
  12. ↑ Discovery Channel :: Mythbusters: Episode Guide
  13. ↑ http://poly.union.rpi.edu/article_view.php3?view=3544&part=1
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