Policy studies

Policy studies emerged in the United States in the 1960s and 1970s as an subdisicipline of political science. The study of public policy includes the analysis of both the process of policymaking (the policy process) and the contents of policy (policy analysis).[1] Policy analysis includes substantive area research (such as health or education policy), program evaluation and impact studies, and policy design.[2] It "involves systematically studying the nature, causes, and effects of alternative public policies, with particular emphasis on determining the policies that will achieve given goals."[3]

Policy Studies also examines the conflicts and conflict resolution that arise from the making of policies in civil society, the private sector, or more commonly, in the public sector (e.g. government).

It frequently focuses on the public sector but is equally applicable to other kinds of organizations (e.g., the not-for-profit sector). Some policy study experts graduate from public policy schools with public policy degrees. Alternatively, experts may have backgrounds in policy analysis, program evaluation, sociology, psychology, philosophy, economics, anthropology, geography, law, political science, social work, environmental planning and public administration.

Traditionally, the field of policy studies focused on domestic policy, with the notable exceptions of foreign and defense policies. However, the wave of economic globalization, which ensued in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, created a need for a subset of policy studies that focuses on global governance, especially as it relates to issues that transcend national borders such as climate change, terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and economic development. This subset of policy studies, which is often referred to as international policy studies, typically requires mastery of a second language and attention to cross-cultural issues in order to address national and cultural biases. For example, the Monterey Institute of International Studies at Middlebury College offers Master of Arts programs that focus exclusively on international policy through a mix of interdisciplinary and cross-cultural analysis called the "Monterey Way".[4] Examples of academic programs in policy studies include the Harvard Kennedy School and the LBJ School of Public Affairs.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Ascher, William (1986). "The evolution of the policy sciences: Understanding the rise and avoiding the fall". Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. doi:10.2307/3323551.
  2. ↑ Sabatier, Paul (1 June 1991). "Political Science and Public Policy". Political Science & Politics. 24 (2): 144–147. JSTOR 419922. doi:10.2307/419922.
  3. ↑ Nagel, Stuart S.; MacRae, Duncan (1 January 1980). Lineberry, Robert L.; Lowi, Theodore J.; Stone, Alan; Jones, Charles O.; Wilde, James A.; Rhodes, R. A. W., eds. "The Policy Studies Perspective". Public Administration Review. 40 (4): 391–396. JSTOR 3110267. doi:10.2307/3110267.
  4. ↑ "Courses - Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey".
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