Pohnpeic languages

Pohnpeic
Ponapeic
Geographic
distribution
Micronesia
Linguistic classification

Austronesian

Glottolog pona1248[1]

Pohnpeic, also rendered Ponapeic, is a subgroup of the Chuukic–Pohnpeic branch of Micronesian in the Austronesian language family.[2] The languages are primarily spoken in Pohnpei State of the Federated States of Micronesia.

Languages

Innovations

Pohnpeic languages are distinct from the closely related Chuukic languages as a result of uniquely developed innovations. One such innovation is nasal substitution, where the first element in a consonant geminate becomes a homorganic nasal consonant.[4] An example of this change is seen where Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic */kkaŋ/ 'sharp' became Mokilese /iŋkɔŋ/, whereas in Chuukese it is /kken/.[5]

Phonology

Proto-Pohnpeic reflexes of Proto Oceanic consonants[6]
Proto Oceanic *mp *mp,ŋp *p *m *m,ŋm *k *ŋk *y *w *t *s,nj *ns,j *j *nt,nd *d,R *l *n
Proto-Micronesian *p *pʷ *f *m *mʷ *k *x *y *w *t *T *s *S *Z *c *r *l *n
Proto Chuukic-Pohnpeic *p *pʷ *f *m *mʷ *k *∅,r3 *y *w *t *j *t *t *c *r *l *n
Proto-Pohnpeic *p1 *pʷ *p, ∅2 *m *mʷ *k *∅,r3 *y *w *j,∅1{_i,u,e4} *j *t̻ *t̻ *c *r *l *n *∅,n{high V_}

1 In the Pohnpeic languages, geminate obstruents are realized as homorganic nasal-obstruent clusters.
2 Often before /i/.
3 Before /a/.
4 The reflex is *∅ sporadically before PMc *e.

Reconstructed vocabulary

Reconstructed Proto Pohnpeic Vocabulary [7]
Proto Pohnpeic English Gloss Modern Language Reflexes
*cana-k,cana-ko be hung up, to hang up PON tɛnɛ-k, MOK sɔnɔ
*palia day after tomorrow PON pali, MOK pali
*payipayi sea urchin PON pɛypɛy, MOK pɔypɔy
*wara neck PON wɛrɛ 'his/her neck', MOK wɔr

References

  1. Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Ponapeic". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  2. Lynch, John; Malcolm Ross; Terry Crowley (2002). The Oceanic languages. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 978-0-7007-1128-4. OCLC 48929366.
  3. "Ngatikese". Retrieved 2015-02-11.
  4. Blevins, Juliette; Garrett, Andrew (1993). "The Evolution of Ponapeic Nasal Substitution". Oceanic Linguistics. 32: 199–236. JSTOR 3623193. doi:10.2307/3623193.
  5. Blevins, Juliette; Garrett, Andrew (1993). "The Evolution of Ponapeic Nasal Substitution". Oceanic Linguistics. 32: 206. JSTOR 3623193. doi:10.2307/3623193.
  6. Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 1". Oceanic Linguistics. 42: 4, 5. doi:10.2307/3623449.
  7. Bender, Byron W. (2003). "Proto-Micronesian Reconstructions: 2". Oceanic Linguistics. 42: 282. doi:10.1353/ol.2003.0014.
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