Pnar language
| Pnar | |
|---|---|
| Pnar | |
| Native to | India, Bangladesh |
| Ethnicity | Pnar people |
Native speakers | 250,000 (2001)[1] |
|
Austroasiatic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
pbv |
| Glottolog |
pnar1238[2] |
Pnar (also known as Jaintia or Synteng[3]) is an Austroasiatic language spoken in India and Bangladesh.
Phonology
Pnar has 30 phonemes: 7 vowels and 23 consonants. Other sounds listed below are phonetic realizations.[4]
Vowels
| Front | Near | Central | Near | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /i/ | [ɨ] | /u/ | ||
| Near-close | [ɪ] | [ʊ] | |||
| Close-mid | /e/ | /o/ | |||
| Mid | [ə] | ||||
| Open-mid | /ɛ/ | [ʌ] | /ɔ/ | ||
| Open | /ɑ/ |
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | /p/ | /t̪/ | /t/ | /tʃ/ | /k/ | /ʔ/ |
| voiced | /b/ | /d̪/ | /d/ | /dʒ/ | |||
| voiceless aspirated | /pʰ/ | /t̪ʰ/ | [tʃʰ] | /kʰ/ | |||
| voiced aspirated | [bʱ] | [d̪ʱ] | [dʒʱ] | ||||
| Fricative | /s/ | /h/ | |||||
| Trill | /r/ | ||||||
| Approximant | central | /w/ | /j/ | ||||
| Lateral | /l/ | ||||||
Syllable structure
Syllables in Pnar can consist of a single nucleic vowel. Maximally, they can include a complex onset of two consonants, a diphthong nucleus, and a coda consonant. A second type of syllable contains a syllabic nasal/trill/lateral immediately following the onset consonant. This syllabic consonant behaves as the rhyme. (Ring, 2012: 141-2)
References
- ↑ Pnar at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Pnar". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Sidwell, Paul. (2005). The Katuic languages: classification, reconstruction and comparative lexicon. LINCOM studies in Asian linguistics, 58. Muenchen: Lincom Europa. ISBN 3-89586-802-7
- ↑ Ring, Hiram. 2012. A phonetic description and phonemic analysis of Jowai-Pnar. Mon-Khmer Studies 40:133–175. https://www.academia.edu/2040472/A_phonetic_description_and_phonemic_analysis_of_Jowai-Pnar
- Choudhary, Narayam Kumar (2004). Word Order in Pnar (PDF). Jawaharlal Nehru University. p. 87. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
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