Yine language

Piro
Piro
Pronunciation [ˈjine]
Native to Peru
Ethnicity Yine people, Manchineri
Native speakers
 5,000 (2000–2004)[1]
Arawakan
Language codes
ISO 639-3 Either:
pib – Yine
mpd – Machinere (Manitenére)
Glottolog yine1238  Yine[2]
mach1268  Machinere[3]

Piro is a Maipurean language spoken in Peru. It belongs to the Piro group which also includes Iñapari (†) and Apurinã. The principal variety is Yine. The Manchineri who live in Brazil (Acre) and reportedly also in Bolivia speak what may be a dialect of Yine (Aikhenvald, Kaufman). A vocabulary labeled Canamaré is "so close to Piro [Yine] as to count as Piro", but has been a cause of confusion with the unrelated Kanamarí language.[4]

This language is also called Contaquiro, Pira, Piro, Pirro, Simiranch, or Simirinche. Cushichineri has been reported as a language, but is actually a family name used with Whites (Matteson 1965). The name Mashco has sometimes been incorrectly applied to the Yine. (See Mashco Piro.)

As of 2000, essentially all of the 4,000 ethnic Yine people speak the language. They live in the Ucayali and Cusco Departments, near the Ucayali River, and near the Madre de Dios River in the Madre de Dio Region in Peru. Literacy is comparatively high. A dictionary has been published in the language and the language is taught alongside Spanish in some Yine schools. There are also a thousand speakers of Machinere.[1]

Piro has an active–stative syntax.[5]

Notes

  1. 1 2 Yine at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Machinere (Manitenére) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Yine". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Machinere". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ↑ Harald Hammarström (2013) Review of the Ethnologue, 16th Ed.
  5. ↑ Aikhenvald, "Arawak", in Dixon & Aikhenvald, eds., The Amazonian Languages, 1999.

References


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