Pioneer River

Pioneer
River
The Pioneer River weaves through Mackay
Country Australia
State Queensland
Region North Queensland
Tributaries
 - left Stockyard Creek (Queensland), Blacks Creek (Queensland), Bustard Creek, Cattle Creek (Queensland), McGregor Creek, Devereux Creek, Balnagowan Creek, Fursden Creek, Vines Creek
 - right Black Waterhole Creek
City Mackay
Source Pinnacle Ranges, Pioneer Valley, Eungella Dam
 - location below Mount McBryde near Pinevale
 - elevation 75 m (246 ft)
 - coordinates 21°18′58″S 148°51′01″E / 21.31611°S 148.85028°E / -21.31611; 148.85028
Mouth Coral Sea
 - location East Mackay
 - elevation 0 m (0 ft)
 - coordinates 21°09′13″S 149°13′16″E / 21.15361°S 149.22111°E / -21.15361; 149.22111Coordinates: 21°09′13″S 149°13′16″E / 21.15361°S 149.22111°E / -21.15361; 149.22111
Length 120 km (75 mi)
Basin 1,550 km2 (598 sq mi)
Reservoirs Teemburra Dam, Dumbleton Weir, Mirani Weir and Marian Weir
Location of Pioneer River river mouth in Queensland
Wikimedia Commons: Pioneer River
[1]

The Pioneer River is a river located in North Queensland, Australia.[2] The 120-kilometre (75 mi) long river flows through the city of Mackay.

History

Captain John Mackay and his party were the first Europeans to discover the river in 1860. Mackay named it Mackay River after his father, George Mackay of Uralla in New South Wales. However, when George Bowen, the Governor of Queensland, visited on the HMS Pioneer in October 1862, the name was changed to Pioneer River.[2]

Location and features

The river rises in the Pinnacle Ranges below Mount McBryde near Pinevale, 63 kilometres (39 mi) southwest of Mackay. The river flows in a northerly direction into the Pioneer Valley, one of Australia's richest sugar cane areas. At Mirani the river flows to the east before reaching its mouth and emptying into the Coral Sea at Mackay. The river is joined by ten tributaries including Cattle Creek, with the other major tributary being Blacks Creek.[3] The river is too shallow for navigation, drying sandbanks encountered only a few kilometres upstream of the river mouth. During king tides the Pioneer River may experience a tidal range of up to 6.4 metres (21 ft).

The catchment covers an area of 1,550 square kilometres (600 sq mi).[4] Upper parts of the catchment are too steep for agriculture and remain covered by rainforests and open woodlands.[3] In 2002, a Queensland Government report found that the local sugar industry had allowed five pesticides to enter the river, exceeding acceptable standards.[5]

Dumbleton Weir located upstream of Mackay on the Pioneer River

The river has a number of water storage facilities built along its course including Teemburra Dam, Dumbleton Weir, Mirani Weir and Marian Weir. It is crossed by the Bruce Highway and the North Coast railway line in Mackay.

The river is crossed by the 485-metre (1,591 ft) Forgan Bridge at Mackay.

Flooding

The river is prone to flooding, most recently in February 2008 when a height of just over 7 metres (23 ft) (classed as moderate flooding according to the Bureau of Meteorology) was recorded at a gauge in the centre of Mackay.[4] This height was reached after extremely heavy rain fell over Mackay (600 millimetres (24 in) in 6  hours). After the devastating Mackay cyclone of 21 January 1918, the river was flooded for weeks. The Pioneer has reached major flood levels on twenty occasions since records first began in 1884, with the highest reaching 9.14 metres (30.0 ft) in 1958.[4]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Map of Pioneer River, QLD". Bonzle Digital Atlas of Australia. Retrieved 14 October 2015.
  2. 1 2 "Pioneer River (entry 26973)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 4 January 2016.
  3. 1 2 "Rivers - Assessment of River Condition - Queensland - Pioneer River". Australian Natural Resources Atlas. Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
  4. 1 2 3 "Flood Warning System For The Pioneer River". Bureau of Meteorology (Australia). Retrieved 13 August 2010.
  5. ↑ "Conservationists welcome Qld river pollution report". ABC News Online. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 2 August 2002. Retrieved 13 August 2010.
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