Pilatus PC-24

PC-24
Pilatus PC-24 first prototype landing at Stans, 2015.
Role	Light jet
National origin	Switzerland
Manufacturer	Pilatus Aircraft
First flight	11 May 2015[1]
Status	Under development
Number built	3 prototypes[2]
Unit cost	US$9M (projected, 2013)[3]

The Pilatus PC-24 is a twin-engine business jet under development by Pilatus Aircraft of Switzerland. On 21 May 2013, the aircraft was first revealed to the public; and on 11 May 2015 the maiden flight for the type was performed. The PC-24 is anticipated to enter service at the end of 2017.

Development

During the 1990s, Pilatus Aircraft had brought to market the Pilatus PC-12, a single-engine turboprop-powered business aircraft. As the PC-12 quickly proved to be a commercial success, Pilatus sought to follow up with a complementary aircraft and began gathering feedback from customers of the type. In response to this request, several customers reportedly expressed a desire for an aircraft that would possess both a greater range and top speed than the existing PC-12, while retaining the type's overall ruggedness and ability to make use of very short runways.^[3] Based on this feedback, Pilatus elected to pursue development of such an aircraft. In 2007, Pilatus initiated work on the program.^[4] Development of the aircraft was conducted using existing company funds.^[3]

Designated as the PC-24, Pilatus decided that the new design would use jet propulsion, choosing to power the type using a pair of Williams FJ44 engines; the PC-24 is the company's first jet-powered aircraft.^[5][3][6][7] Beyond the propulsion choice, several other unique features were developed for the PC-24; Pilatus and Honeywell cooperatively designed the Advanced Cockpit Environment for the type. This is intended to reduce pilot workload and allows the PC-24 to be single-pilot certified. Several competing business aircraft were identified early on, including Embraer's Phenom 300 and Cessna's Citation CJ4.^[3]

On 21 May 2013, the PC-24 was introduced to the public at the European Business Aviation Convention & Exhibition (EBACE) in Geneva. At the time, Pilatus chairman Oscar Schwenk claimed the PC-24 did not fit into any existing business jet categories, and stated that the aircraft was the only one that combined "...the versatility of a turboprop with the cabin size of a medium light jet, and the performance of a light jet".^[6][8]

PC-24 prototype during its roll-out ceremony

On 1 August 2014, which was also Switzerland's national day, P01, the first of the three PC-24 prototypes, was rolled out.^[9] Each of these three prototypes serve different functions in the development program; P01 is intended for exploring the flight envelope of the type, P02 is mainly for trialling the avionics and autopilot integration, and will spend much of its testing life in the US, while P03 is to be representative of production aircraft and will incorporate improvements made based upon the development work performed with the other two aircraft.^[4]

Flight testing

The first flight of the prototype had been originally anticipated to take place in late 2014, but this was delayed.^[6][10] On 11 May 2015, P01 conducted its first flight from Buochs Airport, Switzerland, for a total of 55 minutes. The occasion marked the start of test flights for the aircraft's two-year certification campaign.^[11][12] On the date on which P01 made its first flight, type certification of the PC-24 and subsequent initial deliveries of production aircraft were anticipated to occur in 2017.^[13][14]

On 16 November 2015, P02, the second prototype, performed its maiden flight, lasting for 82 minutes; by this date, P01 had accumulated a total of 150 flying hours and had performed over 100 flights.^[15][16] In May 2016, P01 took an brief intermission in the test program to appear on static display at EBACE; by this point, P01 and P02 had accumulated more than 500 flight hours between them.^[17] During EBACE 2016, it was commented that the program was on track and test flights had been free of surprises; during a transatlantic crossing to the US, P02 had achieved a cruise speed in excess of 800 km/hr (432 kt.), which was better than expected.^[14]

The PC-24 flight-test fleet was completed with the addition of the third prototype of P03 in March 2017; by May they had logged 950 flights and 1,525 hours.^[18] In August 2017, Williams International received type and production certification from the EASA and FAA for its FJ44-4A-QPM while the three test aircraft accumulated over 1,700h of flight tests, on schedule for certification and introduction in the fourth quarter.^[19]

Production

The interiors of the PC-24 have been designed by BMW Designworks; interiors for the Americas are to be completed at a facility in Broomfield, Colorado, which will be expanded by 50% to cope with the extra demand.^[15] In late 2014, an agreement between Pilatus and FlightSafety International will see the latter conduct US-based PC-24 pilot and technician training in Dallas, Texas.^[20] In May 2017, series production was under way for a fourth quarter first delivery to PlaneSense, following certification.^[18]

Design

A PC-24 mockup on display at the 2015 Australian International Airshow

The PC-24 is a twin-engine business jet, a larger jet-powered follow-on to the earlier Pilatus PC-12. It is considered to be a short takeoff and landing (STOL) aircraft, being designed to operate from short and rough airstrips. It incorporates an advanced wing design, with a large double-slotted flap system to achieve the necessary performance, having a stall speed of only 81 knots at the maximum landing weight.^[21]

Performance

Pilatus has claimed that the PC-24 possesses performance attributes which are unmatched by any jet aircraft on the market. It possesses a takeoff distance of 820 m (2,690 ft) and a landing distance of 770 m (2,526 ft). The PC-24 is intended to be capable of operations from unpaved runways and grass strips.^[3][6] According to Pilatus, no other business jet has this ability, which gives the jet access to over 21,000 airports;^[8] this is claimed to be twice the number of tarmac airports that are usable for similar-sized jet aircraft.^[21]

Cabin

The large cabin of the PC-24 can accommodate a luxurious interior outfitted with modern features for comfort and functionality.^[22] The cabin is designed to provide first class accommodation for both passengers and crew.^[23] A fully enclosed, externally serviceable private lavatory is also present. The cabin is designed to facilitate rapid reconfiguration, giving greater operational flexibility and mobility;^[22] the passenger seats can be installed or removed within minutes, while the aft partition between the pressurized baggage compartment and main cabin is movable to increase or decrease the size of either, in between flights.^[23] A variety of interior configurations are possible, including a six-seat executive configuration (including a sizable baggage area); a combi version using four executive seats and a fully expanded cargo area; and an open version.^[21]

Cargo

An unusual feature of the aircraft is the large cargo door, which is fitted as standard on all aircraft. According to Pilatus, the PC-24 is the first business jet to be fitted with this standard pallet-sized cargo door.^[24] The cargo door provides direct access to the heated and fully pressurized luggage compartment. This feature is useful for air medical services, utility and special mission operators.^[21][3] The door and baggage compartment are both capable of accepting a standard pallet; the compartment itself is deliberately located close to the aircraft's center of gravity to minimize the impact of heavy cargo.^[21] The trailing edge of the wing is reinforced against instances of incidental damage during loading/unloading.^[21] The design was optimized for special missions and by government customers.^[4]

Cockpit

The cockpit of the PC-24 is designed for efficiency and to reduce pilot workload.^[3][25] Marketed as the Advanced Cockpit Environment (ACE), information is displayed on four 12-inch liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). Pilatus selected Honeywell to develop and supply the ACE avionics suite. It uses some of the same avionics used in the Pilatus PC-12, in addition to those developed specifically for the PC-24.^[26] Standard avionics equipment includes a synthetic vision system, autothrottle, Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS II), localizer performance with vertical guidance and graphic flight planning system.^[25]

Engines

The PC-24 is powered by a pair of Williams FJ44-4A turbofan engines. A unique feature of the FJ44-4A powerplant is the Quiet Power Mode; in addition to providing thrust and main power, standby power is also drawn from the main engines in Quiet Power Mode, in place of a separate auxiliary power unit (APU).^[21] An additional 5 per cent is available via an Automatic Thrust Reserve feature.^[27] The engines are mounted on the upper portion of the rear fuselage to prevent foreign object damage (FOD) during operations at rough airstrips. Other FOD-reduction measures include the enlarged flaps and chines on the nose wheel of the landing gear.^[21] The exhaust ducts of the engines feature an aerodynamic modification, having been shaped so the outflow contributes to the thrust vector during takeoff, reducing the takeoff roll distance.^[21]

Operational history

At the May 2014 EBACE, Pilatus sold the initial production run of 84 units 36h after the orderbook opening, this first batch of orders will be delivered till early 2020. Pilatus have a waiting list and we will re-open the orderbook after publishing the aircraft’s final performance data and assessing operators feedback, on or before the 2018 National Business Aviation Association conference in Orlando. Throughout its 40-year lifecycle, Pilatus plan to produce 4,000 units.^[28]

The Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia has ordered at least four aircraft for rapid medical evacuations and hospital transfers, three going to Western Australia.^[29][30][31]

Potential customers include the Swiss Air Force, which intends to use the jet as an executive transport for the Swiss Federal Council.^[32][33]

Specifications (PC-24)

Data from Manufacturer^[34]

General characteristics

• Crew: one or two
• Capacity: ten passengers
• Length: 16.8 m (55 ft 1 in)
• Wingspan: 17.0 m (55 ft 9 in)
• Height: 5.3 m (17 ft 5 in)
• Empty weight: 4,967 kg (10,950 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 8,006 kg (17,650 lb)
• Fuel capacity: 888.5 US gal (3,363 L)
• Powerplant: 2 × Williams FJ44-4A turbofan engines, 15 kN (3,400 lbf) thrust each

Performance

• Cruise speed: 787 km/h; 489 mph (425 kn) at FL 300^[35]
• Stall speed: 150 km/h; 93 mph (81 kn) at max. landing weight^[35]
• Range: 3,610 km; 1,949 nmi (2,243 mi)
• Service ceiling: 13,716 m (45,000 ft) single engine ceiling 7,925 m (26,000 ft)
• Rate of climb: 20.70 m/s (4,075^[35] ft/min)
• Time to altitude: FL 450 in 30 minutes^[35]
• Wing loading: 259 kg/m² (53.1 lb/sq ft)
• Thrust/weight: 0.2
• Max. payload: 2,500 lb^[35] at 1,190 nm range, 800 lb at 1,950 nm, or 915 lb at full fuel^[21]
• Take-off distance: 2,690 ft (820 m)^[35]
• Landing distance: 2,525 ft (770 m)^[35]
• Cabin altitude: 8,000ft at 45,000ft (8.78 psi-d)^[21]

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• Cessna CitationJet CJ4
• Embraer Phenom 300
• Grob G180 SPn

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pilatus PC-24.

• Official website