The Physiological Society

The Physiological Society, founded in 1876, is a learned society for physiologists in the United Kingdom.

History

The Physiological Society was founded in 1876 as a dining society "for mutual benefit and protection" by a group of 19 physiologists, led by John Burdon Sanderson and Michael Foster, as a result of the 1875 Royal Commission on Vivisection and the subsequent 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act.[1] Other founding members included: William Sharpey, Thomas Huxley, George Henry Lewes, Francis Galton, John Marshall, George Murray Humphry, Frederick William Pavy, Lauder Brunton, David Ferrier, Philip Pye-Smith, Walter H. Gaskell, John Gray McKendrick, Emanuel Edward Klein, Edward Schafer, Francis Darwin, George Romanes, and Gerald Yeo. The aim was to promote the advancement of physiology. Charles Darwin and William Sharpey were elected as The Society's first two Honorary Members. The Society first met at Sanderson's London home. The first rules of The Society offered membership to no more than 40, all of whom should be male "working" physiologists.[2] Women were first admitted as members in 1915 and the centenary of this event was celebrated in 2015 [3][4]

Michael Foster was also founder of The Journal of Physiology in 1878, and was appointed to the first Chair of Physiology at the University of Cambridge in 1883.

The archives are held at the Wellcome Library.[5]

Present day

The Society consists of over 3500 members, including 14 Nobel Laureates and over 700 affiliates (younger scientists) drawn from over 50 countries. The majority of members are engaged in research, in universities or industry, into how the body works in health and disease and in teaching physiology in schools and universities. The Society also facilitates communication between scientists and with other interested groups.

The Physiological Society publishes the academic journals The Journal of Physiology and Experimental Physiology, and with the American Physiological Society publishes the online only, open access journal Physiological Reports.[6] It also publishes the membership magazine Physiology News. The Society's current president is David A. Eisner.[7] The post of president was established in 2001. Past holders include:[8]

Prizes

The Society awards a number of prizes for meritorious achievement.[9]

Annual Review Prize Lecture

The society considers its Annual Review Prize Lecture, first awarded in 1968, to be its premier award.[9] Recipients of the prize, and their lectures, have included:[10][11]

  • 1968 (1968): William D.M. Paton
  • 1969 (1969): Geoffrey W. Harris
  • 1970 (1970): W. A. H. Rushton - Pigments and signals in colour vision[12]
  • 1971 (1971): Henry Barcroft - An enquiry into the nature of the mediator of the vasodilatation in skeletal muscle in exercise and during circulatory arrest
  • 1972 (1972): John Eccles - The cerebellum as a computer: patterns in space and time
  • 1973 (1973): Andrew F. Huxley - Muscular contraction
  • 1974 (1974): A. A. Harper
  • 1975 (1975): Hugh Davson - The blood–brain barrier
  • 1976 (1976): Alan Lloyd Hodgkin - Chance and design in electrophysiology: an informal account of certain experiments on nerve carried out between 1934 and 1952
  • 1977 (1977): Raymond Michael Gaze
  • 1978 (1978): K. W. Cross - La Chaleur Animale and the infant brain (lecture delivered 1979)
  • 1979 (1979): Geoffrey Burnstock - Neurotransmitters and trophic factors in the autonomic nervous system
  • 1980 (1980): P. B. C. Matthews - Evolving views on the internal operation and functional role of the muscle spindle
  • 1981 (1981): H. H. Loeschke - Central chemosensitivity and the reaction theory (Loeschche was unable to deliver his lecture owing to ill-health, but it was published)
  • 1982 (1982): G. S. Dawes - The central control of fetal breathing and skeletal muscle movements
  • 1983 (1983): Denis Noble - The surprising heart: a review of recent progress in cardiac electrophysiology
  • 1984 (1984): Roger C. Thomas - Experimental displacement of intracellular pH and the mechanism of its subsequent recovery
  • 1985 (1985): Daniel J. C. Cunningham - Studies on arterial chemoreceptors in man
  • 1986 (1986): David M. Armstrong - The supraspinal control of mammalian locomotion
  • 1987 (1987): Christopher C. Michel - Capillary permeability and how it may change
  • 1988 (1988): Pierre Dejours - From comparative physiology of respiration to several problems of environmental adaptations and to evolution
  • 1989 (1989): J. V. G. A. Durnin
  • 1990 (1990): Olga Hudlická - What makes blood vessels grow?
  • 1991 (1991): Ole H. Petersen - Stimulus-secretion coupling: cytoplasmic calcium signals and the control of ion channels in exocrine acinar cells
  • 1992 (1992): Ian M. Glynn - All hands to the sodium pump
  • 1993 (1993): Kenneth M. Spyer - Central nervous mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular control
  • 1994 (1994): C. B. Wollheim
  • 1995 (1995): Colin Blakemore
  • 1996 (1996): Michael J. Berridge - Elementary and global aspects of calcium signalling
  • 1997 (1997): Lily Yeh Jan - Voltage-gated and inwardly rectifying potassium channels
  • 1998 (1998): Nancy J. Rothwell - Cytokines – killers in the brain?
  • 1999 (1999): Richard Alan North
  • 2000 (2000): Francisco Bezanilla
  • 2001 (2001): Stephen O'Rahilly
  • 2002 (2002): John Sulston
  • 2003 (2003): Frances M. Ashcroft
  • 2004 (2004): Robin F. Irvine - Inositide evolution – towards turtle domination?
  • 2005 (2005): Graham J. Dockray
  • 2006 (2006): M. Fishman (Fishman was unable to deliver his lecture)
  • 2007 (2007): T. B. Bolton
  • 2008 (2008): Robert G. Edwards
  • 2009 (2009): Stephen G. Waxman
  • 2010 (2010): Roger Y. Tsien
  • 2011 (2011): Carla J. Shatz
  • 2012 (2012): Peter J. Ratcliffe - Oxygen sensing in animals[13]
  • 2013 (2013): Eric Gouaux - The molecular mechanisms of signaling at chemical synapses (lecture delivered at the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) Congress)[14]
  • 2014 (2014): Richard W. Tsien
  • 2015 (2015): Annette Dolphin - From trafficking of neuronal voltage-gated calcium channels to neuropathic pain
  • 2016 (2016): John O'Keefe - The Cognitive Map Theory of Hippocampal Function: An update[15]
  • 2017 (2017): David Eisner- Ups and downs of calcium in the heart (at IUPS Congress, Rio de Janeiro)

International Prize Lecture

Bayliss-Starling Prize Lecture

Named for William Bayliss and Ernest Starling.[10]

Biller Prize Lecture

Named in memory of Kathy Biller.[10]

G L Brown Prize Lecture

Named for George Lindor Brown.[10]

G W Harris Prize Lecture

Named in memory of Geoffrey Wingfield Harris.[10]

Hodgkin-Huxley-Katz Prize Lecture

Name after Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley and Bernard Katz.

Joan Mott Prize Lecture

Named for Joan Mott.[10]

Michael de Burgh Daly Prize Lecture

Named for Michael de Burgh Daly.

Otto Hutter Teaching Prize

Named for Otto Hutter.[10]

The Paton Lecture

Named for William D.M. Paton.[10]

Annual Public Lecture

Sharpey-Schafer Lecture and Prize

Named after Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer.[10]

Wellcome Prize Lecture

GSK Prize Lecture

References

  1. ↑ The History of The National Anti-Vivisection Society (The National Anti-Vivisection Society)
  2. ↑ Sharpey-Schafer,E. History of the Physiological Society during its first Fifty Years 1876-1927, Oxford University Press, London, 1927
  3. ↑ "Series of livecasts 'Celebrating 100 years of Women's Membership of The Physiological Society'". The Physiological Society. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  4. ↑ Helen Burgess (Spring 2015). "100 years of women members: The Society’s centenary of women’s admission" (PDF). Physiology News: Issue 98. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  5. ↑ "The Physiological Society". Catalogue. Wellcome Library. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
  6. ↑ "Physiological Reports". Journals. American Physiological Society. Retrieved 22 March 2015.
  7. ↑ "Council". The Physiological Society. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  8. ↑ "Past Officers of the Physiological Society" (PDF). The Physiological Society. 2016. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  9. 1 2 "Prize lectures". The Physiological Society. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Lectures and Prizes" (PDF). The Physiological Society. 2017. Retrieved 2 May 2017.
  11. ↑ "Annual Review Prize Lecture". The Physiological Society. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  12. ↑ Rushton, W. A. H. "Pigments and signals in colour vision" (PDF). J Physiol. The Physiological Society (222): 99P–118P.
  13. ↑ Oxygen sensing in animals on YouTube
  14. ↑ The molecular mechanisms of signaling at chemical synapses on YouTube
  15. ↑ The Cognitive Map Theory of Hippocampal Function: An update on YouTube
  16. ↑ Barrett, Kim E. (2017-01-15). "Endogenous and exogenous control of gastrointestinal epithelial function: building on the legacy of Bayliss and Starling". The Journal of Physiology. 595 (2): 423–432. ISSN 1469-7793. PMC 5233669 Freely accessible. PMID 27284010. doi:10.1113/JP272227.
  17. ↑ How your body clock makes you tick on YouTube
  18. ↑ The loving brain on YouTube

Further reading

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