Philippine Drug War

Philippine Drug War

President Rodrigo Duterte, presents a chart which he claims to be of a drug trade network of high level drug syndicates in the Philippines.
Date 1 July 2016 – 30 January 2017
(6 months, 4 weeks and 1 day)
6 March 2017 – present[1]
(5 months, 1 week and 2 days)
Location Philippines
Status Ongoing
Parties to the civil conflict

 Philippine Government

Non-state participants:

Suspected drug users and dealers
Lead figures
Casualties

57 killed (Police and military)[9]

  • 150 wounded[9]

5,298 killed[9]

  • 3,200 killed in legitimate police operations[9][10]
  • 2,098 drug-related deaths, but not the result of police operation[10]
  • 86,933 drug personalities arrested[9]
  • 1,308,078 total number of drug personalities surrendered[9]
[9]
Total killed: 5,355 (as of June 20, 2017)[9]

The Philippine Drug War refers to the policy against illegal drugs, initiated by the Philippine government under President Rodrigo Duterte.[11][12]

Background

Rodrigo Duterte won the 2016 Philippine presidential election on May 9 promising to kill tens of thousands of criminals, and urging people to kill drug addicts.[13] As Mayor of Davao City, Duterte was criticized by groups like Human Rights Watch for the extrajudicial killings of hundreds of street children, petty criminals and drug users carried out by the Davao Death Squad, a vigilante group with which he was allegedly involved.[14][15][16] Duterte has alternately confirmed and denied his involvement in the alleged Davao Death Squad killings.[17]

Philippine anti-narcotic officials have admitted that Duterte uses flawed and exaggerated data to support his claim that the Philippines is becoming a "narco-state".[18] The Philippines has a low prevalence rate of drug users compared to the global average, according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).[19] Duterte claims that data from the Philippines Drug Enforcement Agency shows that there were 3 million drug addicts 2 to 3 years ago, which he said may have increased to 3.7 million. However, according to the Philippines Dangerous Drugs Board, the government drug policy-making body, 1.8 million Filipinos used illegal drugs (mostly marijuana) in 2015, the latest official survey published; a third of them had used illegal drugs only once in the past 13 months.[20][18]

Police campaign components

According to official police documentation, Campaign Plan Project: "Double Barrel"[21][22] that has two-pronged approach, Lower Barrel approach under Project Tokhang[23][22] or the famously known Oplan Tokhang (Cebuano for tuktok, "knock", and hangyo, "persuade"[24]), and Upper Barrel approach under Project HVT (High Value Targets)[23][22] that focuses on relatively more prominent drug personalities including politicians, police and military personnel and other government employees.

Major events

Early months

In speeches made after his inauguration on June 30, Duterte urged citizens to kill suspected criminals and drug addicts. He said he would order police to adopt a shoot-to-kill policy, and would offer them a bounty for dead suspects.[13] On July 2, 2016, the Communist Party of the Philippines stated that it "reiterates its standing order for the NPA to carry out operations to disarm and arrest the chieftains of the biggest drug syndicates, as well as other criminal syndicates involved in human rights violations and destruction of the environment" after its political wing Bagong Alyansang Makabayan accepted Cabinet posts in the new government.[25][26] On July 3, 2016, the Philippine National Police said they had killed 30 alleged drug dealers since Duterte was sworn in as president on June 30.[27][28] They later stated they had killed 103 suspects between May 10 and July 7.[29]

On July 9, 2016, a spokesperson of the president told critics to show proof that there have been human rights violations in the Drug War.[29] The situation likened to the dictatorship of Ferdinand Marcos.[30] Later that day, the Moro Islamic Liberation Front said it was open to collaborate with police in the Drug War.[31]

On August 3, 2016, Duterte said that the Sinaloa cartel and the Chinese triad are involved in the Philippine drug trade. A presidential spokesperson said that Duterte welcomed a proposed Congressional investigation into extrajudicial killings to be chaired by Senator Leila de Lima, his chief critic in the government.[32] On August 7, 2016, Duterte named more than 150 drug suspects including local politicians, police, judges, and military.[33][34] On August 8, 2016 the United States expressed concerns over the extrajudicial killings.[35]

On August 17, 2016, Duterte announced that de Lima had been having an affair with a married man, her driver, Ronnie Palisoc Dayan. Duterte claimed that Dayan was her collector for drug money, who had also himself been using drugs.[36] In a news conference on August 21, 2016, Duterte announced that he had in his possession wiretaps and ATM records which confirmed his allegations. He stated: "What is really crucial here is that because of her [romantic] relationship with her driver which I termed 'immoral' because the driver has a family and wife, that connection gave rise to the corruption of what was happening inside the national penitentiary." Dismissing fears for Dayan's safety, he added, "As the President, I got this information … as a privilege. But I am not required to prove it in court. That is somebody else's business. My job is to protect public interest. She's lying through her teeth." He explained that he had acquired the new evidence from an unnamed foreign country.[37]

On August 18, 2016, United Nations human rights experts called on the Philippines to halt extrajudicial killings. Agnes Callamard, the UN Special Rapporteur on summary executions, stated that Duterte had given a "license to kill" to his citizens by encouraging them to kill.[38][39] In response, Duterte threatened to withdraw from the UN and form a separate group with African nations and China. Presidential spokesperson Ernesto Abella later clarified that the Philippines was not leaving the UN.[40] As the official death toll reached 1,800, a Congressional investigation of the killings chaired by de Lima was opened.[41]

On August 23, 2016, the Philippine human rights commission said that the International Criminal Court may have jurisdiction over the mass killings.[42] On August 25, Duterte released a "drug matrix" supposedly linking government officials, including de Lima, with the New Bilibid Prison drug trafficking scandal.[43] De Lima stated that the "drug matrix" was like something drawn by a 12-year-old child. She added, "I will not dignify any further this so-called 'drug matrix' which, any ordinary lawyer knows too well, properly belongs in the garbage can."[44][45]

On August 26, 2016, the official death total reached 2,000.[46] On August 29, Duterte called on de Lima to resign and "hang herself".[47] In a speech Duterte rejected comparisons between his policies and those of the Islamic State or Syrian President Bashar Assad.[48]

State of emergency

Following the September 2 bombing in Davao City that killed 14 people in the city's central business district, on September 3, 2016, Duterte declared a "state of lawlessness", and on the following day signed a declaration of a "state of national emergency on account of lawless violence in Mindanao".[49][50] The Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) and the Philippine National Police (PNP) were ordered to "suppress all forms of lawless violence in Mindanao" and to "prevent lawless violence from spreading and escalating elsewhere". Executive Secretary Salvador Medialdea said that the declaration "does not specify the imposition of curfews", and would remain in force indefinitely. He explained: "The recent incidents, the escape of terrorists from prisons, the beheadings, then eventually what happened in Davao. That was the basis."[51][50] The state of emergency has been seen as an attempt by Duterte to "enhance his already strong hold on power, and give him carte blanche to impose further measures" in the Drug War.[52]

September–December 2016

On September 5, 2016, with 2,400 people dead so far, Duterte repeated that "plenty will be killed" in the Drug War.[53] U.S. President Barack Obama cancelled a scheduled meeting with Duterte after Duterte referred to Obama as a "son of a whore".[54][55]

On September 19, 2016, the Senate voted 16-4 to remove de Lima from her position heading the Senate committee, in a motion brought by senator and boxer Manny Pacquiao.[56] Duterte's allies in the Senate argued that by allowing Matobato's testimony, de Lima had damaged the country's reputation. She was replaced by Senator Richard Gordon.[57] Duterte told reporters that he wanted "a little extension of maybe another six months" in the Drug War, as there were so many drug offenders and criminals that he "cannot kill them all".[58][59] On the following day, a convicted bank robber and two former prison officials testified that they had paid bribes to de Lima. She denies the allegations.[60]

At a press conference on September 30, 2016, on his arrival in Davao City after a two-day official visit in Vietnam,[61] Duterte appeared to make a comparison between the Drug War and The Holocaust.[62] He said that "Hitler massacred three million Jews. Now there are three million drug addicts. I’d be happy to slaughter them."[62] His remarks generated an international outcry. US Secretary of Defense Ash Carter said the statement was "deeply troubling".[63][64] The German government told the Philippine ambassador that Duterte's remarks were "unacceptable."[65] On October 2, Duterte made an apology to the Jewish community following his remarks. He said that he did not mean to derogate the memory of 6 million Jews slaughtered by the Germans.[66][67]

At the beginning of October, a senior police officer told The Guardian that 10 "special ops" official police death squads had been operating, each consisting of 15 police officers. The officer said that he had personally been involved in killing 87 suspects, and described how the corpses had their head wrapped in masking tape with a cardboard placard labelling them as a drug offender so that the killing would not be investigated, or they were dumped at the roadside ("salvage" victims). The chairman of the Philippines Commission on Human Rights, Chito Gascon, was quoted in the report: "I am not surprised, I have heard of this." The PNP declined to comment. The report stated: "although the Guardian can verify the policeman's rank and his service history, there is no independent, official confirmation for the allegations of state complicity and police coordination in mass murder."[68]

On October 28, 2016, incumbent Datu Saudi Ampatuan, Maguindanao Mayor Samsudin Dimaukom and nine others (including his five bodyguards) were killed during what was described as a shootout by the police after they reportedly engaged Dimaukom's group during an anti-illegal drug operation in Makilala, North Cotabato.[69][70] Dimaukom was among the drug list named by Duterte on August 7.[71]

On November 1, 2016, it was reported that the US State Department had halted the sale of 26,000 assault rifles to the PNP after opposition from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee due to concerns about human rights violations. A police spokesman said they had not been informed. PNP chief Ronald dela Rosa suggested China as a possible alternative supplier.[72][73] On November 7, Duterte reacted to the US decision to halt the sale by announcing that he was "ordering its cancellation".[74]

In the early morning of November 5, 2016, incumbent Albuera, Leyte Mayor Rolando Espinosa Sr., who had been detained at Baybay City Sub-Provincial Jail for violation of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, was killed in what was described as a shootout inside his jail cell with personnel from the Criminal Investigation and Detection Group (CIDG).[75] According to the CIDG, Espinosa opened fire on police agents who were executing a search warrant for "illegal firearms."[76] A hard drive of CCTV footage which may have recorded the shooting of Espinosa is missing, a provincial official said.[77] Espinosa had turned himself in to PNP after being named in Duterte's drug list in August.[78][79] He was briefly released but then re-arrested for alleged drug possession. The president of the National Union of People's Lawyers, Edre Olalia, told local broadcaster TV5 that the police version of events was "too contrived". He pointed out that a search warrant is not required to search a jail cell. "Such acts make a mockery of the law, taunt impunity and insult ordinary common sense." Espinosa was the second official to be killed in the Drug War.[80][81]

Following the incident, on the same day, Senator Panfilo Lacson sought to resume the investigation of extrajudicial killings after it was suspended on October 3, 2016 by the Senate Committee on Justice and Human Rights.[82][83]

On November 28, 2016, Duterte appeared to threaten that human rights workers would be targeted: "The human rights [defenders] say I kill. If I say: 'Okay, I'll stop'. They [drug users] will multiply. When harvest time comes, there will be more of them who will die. Then I will include you among them because you let them multiply." Amnesty International Philippines stated that Duterte was "inciting hate towards anyone who expresses dissent on his war against drugs." The National Alliance against Killings Philippines stated: "His comment - that human rights is part of the drug problem and, as such, human rights advocates should be targeted too - can be interpreted as a declaration of an open season on human rights defenders".[84]

On December 8, 2016, the Senate Committee on Justice and Human Rights issued a report stating that there was "no evidence sufficient to prove that a Davao Death Squad exists", and "no proof that there is a state-sponsored policy to commit killings to eradicate illegal drugs in the country." Eleven senators signed the report, while senators Leila De Lima, JV Ejercito, Antonio Trillanes IV and Senate Minority Leader Ralph Recto did not sign the report or did not subscribe to its findings.[85]

January–May 2017

Kidnapping and killing of Jee Ick-Joo

Following criticism of the Philippine National Police over the kidnapping and killing of Jee Ick-Joo, President Rodrigo Duterte ordered the police to suspend any drug related operations while allowing the military and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency to continue to conduct anti-illegal drug operations.

Amnesty International investigation

On January 31, 2017, Amnesty International (AI) published a report of their investigation of 59 drug-related killings in 20 cities and towns, "If you are poor you are killed": Extrajudicial Executions in the Philippines' "War on Drugs", which "details how the police have systematically targeted mostly poor and defenceless people across the country while planting 'evidence', recruiting paid killers, stealing from the people they kill and fabricating official incident reports." They stated: "Amnesty International is deeply concerned that the deliberate, widespread and systematic killings of alleged drug offenders, which appear to be planned and organized by the authorities, may constitute crimes against humanity under international law."[86]

A police officer with the rank of Senior Police Officer 1, a ten-year veteran of a Metro Manila anti-illegal drugs unit, told AI that police are paid 8,000 pesos (US $161) to 15,000 pesos (US $302) per "encounter" (the term used for extrajudicial executions disguised as legitimate operations); there is no payment for making arrests. He said that some police also receive a payment from the funeral home they send the corpses to. Hitmen hired by police are paid 5,000 pesos (US $100) for each drug user killed and 10,000 to 15,000 pesos (US $200–300) for each "drug pusher" killed, according to two hitmen interviewed by AI.[86]

Family members and witnesses repeatedly contested the police description of how people were killed. Police descriptions bore striking similarities from incident to incident; official police reports in several cases documented by Amnesty International claim the suspect’s gun “malfunctioned” when he tried to fire at police, after which they shot and killed him. In many instances, the police try to cover up unlawful killings or ensure convictions for those arrested during drug-related operations by planting “evidence” at crime scenes and falsifying incident reports—both practices the police officer said were common.
— Amnesty International report “If you are poor you are killed”: Extrajudicial Executions in the Philippines’ “War on Drugs”[87]

The report makes a series of recommendations to Duterte and government officials and departments. If certain key steps are not swiftly taken, it recommends that the International Criminal Court "initiate a preliminary examination into unlawful killings in the Philippines’s violent anti-drug campaign and related crimes under the Rome Statute, including the involvement of government officials, irrespective of rank and status."[87]

The Guardian and Reuters stated that the report added to evidence they had published previously about police extrajudicial executions. Presidential spokesman Ernesto Abella responded to the report, saying that Senate committee investigations proved that there had been no state-sponsored extrajudicial killings.[88][89] In an interview on February 4, Duterte told a reporter that AI was "so naive and so stupid", and "a creation of [George] Soros". He asked, "Is that the only thing you [de Lima] can produce? The report of Amnesty?"[90]

Universal Periodic Review

On May 5, 2017, Sen. Alan Peter Cayetano, a staunch ally of Pres. Duterte, led the 16-member Philippine delegation to attend the UN’s Universal Periodic Review to present the state of human rights in the Philippines and dispel reports that killings linked to the drug war were state-sponsored. [91]

[Fake news] created a domino effect of the foreign media, picking up from news reports in the Philippines, which also alerted human rights groups, which are also getting the wrong information
— Sen. Alan Peter Cayetano[92]

Cayetano explained that of 9,432 total of homicide cases recorded under the Duterte administration, only 2,692 deaths were from presumed legitimate law enforcement operations. He claimed that "in the past administrations, there was a 'low of 11,000 and a high of 16,000' cases of extra-judicial killings (EJKs).[92]

Since July 2017

On 30 July, Reynaldo Parojinog, the mayor of Ozamiz city was killed along with 14 others, including his wife, Susan in a dawn raid at around 2:30 am on his home in San Roque Lawis, according to police.[93][94] The police were on a search warrant when Parojinog's bodyguards opened fire on them and police officers responded by shooting at them. According to police provincial chief Jaysen De Guzman, authorities recovered grenades, ammunition as well as illegal drugs in the raid.[95][96]

Reactions

Local

Some politicians such as Liza Maza of Bagong Alyansang Makabayan, allies of the government, and Ifugao congressman Teodoro Baguilat, asked Duterte to investigate the killings.[97][98] Others have taken the opportunity to propose radical new Senate bills to lower the age of criminal responsibility from 15 to 9, and to restore capital punishment.[20] Senator Risa Hontiveros, an opponent of Duterte, claimed that the Drug War was a political manoeuvre intended to convince people that "suddenly the historically most important issue of poverty was no longer the most important."[20] De Lima expressed frustration with the attitude of Filipinos towards extrajudicial killing: "they think that it's good for peace and order. We now have death squads on a national scale, but I'm not seeing public outrage."[20] According to a Pulse Asia opinion poll conducted from July 2 to 8, 2016, 91% of Filipinos "trusted" Duterte.[99]

The Archbishop of Manila Luis Antonio Tagle acknowledged that people were right to be "worried about extrajudicial killings", along with other forms of murder: abortion, unfair labor practices, wasting food and "selling illegal drugs, pushing the youth to go into vices".[100]

The Chairman of the Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Sergio Ortiz-Luis Jr., quelled fears that foreign investors might be put off by the increasing rate of killings in the country, explaining at a press conference on September 19 that investors only care about profit: "They don't care if 50 percent of Filipinos are killing each other so long as they're not affected".[101] On the following day the Wall Street Journal reported that foreign investors, who account for half of the activity on the Philippine stock exchange, had been "hightailing it out of town", selling $500 million worth of shares over the past month, putting pressure on the Philippine peso which was close to its weakest point since 2009.[102]

Dela Rosa announced on September 16 that the Drug War had "reduced the supply of illegal drugs in the country by some 80 to 90 percent".[103] On September 26, he said that the Drug War was already being won, based on statistical and observational evidence.[104] Aljazeera reported that John Collins, director of the London School of Economics International Drug Policy Project, had a different assessment: "Targeting the supply side can have short-term effects. However, these are usually limited to creating market chaos rather than reducing the size of the market. ... What you learn is that you're going to war with a force of economics and the force of economics tends to win out: supply, demand and price tend to find their own way." He said it was a "certainty" that "the Philippines' new 'war' will fail and society will emerge worse off from it."[20]

International

Protest against the Philippine war on drugs in front of the Philippine Consulate General in New York City. The protesters are holding placards which urge Duterte to stop killing drug users.

Gary Song-Huann Lin, the representative of Taiwan in the Philippines, welcomed Duterte’s plan to declare a war against criminality and illegal drugs. He said Taiwan is ready to help the Philippines combat cross-border crimes like human and drug trafficking.[105] On July 19, 2016, Lingxiao Li, spokesman for the Chinese Embassy in Manila announced China's support for the Drug War: "China fully understands that the Philippine government under the leadership of H. E. President Rodrigo Duterte has taken it as a top priority in cracking down drug-related crimes. China has expressed explicitly to the new administration China's willingness for effective cooperation in this regard, and would like to work out a specific plan of action with the Philippine side." The statement made no reference to extrajudicial killings, and called illegal drugs the "common enemy of mankind".[106][107][108] On September 27, the Chinese Ambassador Zhao Jianhua reiterated that "Illegal drugs are the enemy of all mankind" in a statement confirming Chinese support for the Duterte administration.[109]

The European Parliament expressed concern over the extrajudicial killings after a resolution on September 15, stating: "Drug trafficking and drug abuse in the Philippines remain a serious national and international concern, note MEPs. They understand that millions of people are hurt by the high level of drug addiction and its consequences in the country but are also concerned by the 'extraordinarily high numbers killed during police operations in the context of an intensified anti-crime and anti-drug campaign."[110] In response, at a press conference Duterte made an obscene hand gesture and called British and French representatives "hypocrites" because their ancestors had killed thousands of Arabs and others in the colonial era. He said: "When I read the EU condemnation I told them fuck you. You are doing it in atonement for your sins. They are now strict because they have guilty feelings. Who did I kill? Assuming that it’s true? 1,700? How many have they killed?"[111][112]

Indonesian National Police Chief General Tito Karnavian commented in regards to Indonesia's rejection of a similar policy for Indonesia: "Shoot on sight policy leads to abuse of power. We still believe in presumption of innocence. Lethal actions are only warranted if there is an immediate threat against officers... there should not be a deliberate attempt to kill".[113] In September 2016 Budi Waseso, head of Indonesia's National Anti-Narcotics Agency (BNN), said that he was currently contemplating copying the Philippines' hardline tactics against drug traffickers. He said that the Agency planned a major increase in armaments and recruitment. An Agency spokesman later attempted to play down the comments, stating: "We can't shoot criminals just like that, we have to follow the rules."[114]

On October 16, prior to Duterte's departure for a state visit to Brunei, the President said he would seek the support of that country for his campaign against illegal drugs and Brunei's continued assistance to achieve peace and progress in Mindanao.[115] This was responded positively from Brunei Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah in the next day according to Philippine Foreign Affairs Secretary Perfecto Yasay Jr.[116] Malaysia's Deputy Prime Minister Ahmad Zahid Hamidi said "he respect the method undertaken by the Philippine government as it is suitable for their country situation", while stressing that "Malaysia will never follow such example as we have our own methods with one of those such as seizing assets used in drug trafficking with resultant funds to be channelled back towards rehabilitation, prevention and enforcement of laws against drugs".[117]

The International Criminal Court (ICC) chief prosecutor Fatou Bensouda expressed concern, over the drug-related killings in the country, on October 13.[118] In her statement, Bensouda said that the high officials of the country "seem to condone such killings and further seem to encourage State forces and civilians alike to continue targeting these individuals with lethal force."[119] She also warns that any person in the country who provoke "in acts of mass violence by ordering, requesting, encouraging or contributing, in any other manner, to the commission of crimes within the jurisdiction of ICC" will be prosecuted before the court.[120] About that, Duterte is open for the investigation by the ICC, Malacañang said.[120]

On November 17, Sweden voiced their concerns over the continuous drug war. Its ambassador to the Philippines, Harald Fries said “As far as I know, the policies are stable and the rules are stable, but of course in Sweden as in many other countries, there is some concern about the large number of killings going on in this country. I can't say anything more than it is a concern, and we follow it and we trust that the Philippine government is investigating these killings. And that's what we hear that the government is doing”.[121]

On December 3 during a phone conversation between Duterte and then United States President-elect Donald Trump the later called the government role in the "war on drugs" as done at "the right way".[122]

December 16 President Rodrigo Duterte and Singaporean President Tony Tan and Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong have agreed to work together in the fight against terrorism and illegal drugs. In a meeting during a state visit both parties discussed areas of cooperation between the two countries.[123]

On December 21 (PST), Grammy-winning American singer James Taylor posted on social media that he had cancelled his concert in Manila, which was set for February 2017, citing the increasing number of deaths related to the country's drug war.[124][125]

On December 24, U.S. Senators Marco Rubio, Edward Markey, and Christopher Coons expressed their concerns regarding the alleged extrajudicial killings and human rights violations in Duterte's war on drugs. Through a letter sent to the U.S. Department of State, they noted that instead of addressing the drug problem, investing in treatment programs or approaching the issue with an emphasis on health, Duterte has "pledged to kill another 20,000 to 30,000 people, many simply because they suffer from a drug use disorder." Rubio, Markey and Coons also questioned U.S. secretary of state John Kerry's pledge of $32-million funding for training and other law-enforcement assistance during his visit to Manila.[126][127] In May 2017, Senator Rubio, along with Senator Ben Cardin, filed a bipartisan bill in the U.S. Senate to restrict the exportation of weapons from the U.S. to the Philippines.[128]

In February 2017, former Colombian President César Gaviria wrote an opinion piece on The New York Times to warn Duterte and the administration that the drug war is "unwinnable" and "disastrous", citing his own experiences as the President of Colombia. He also criticized the alleged extrajudicial killings and vigilantism, saying these are "the wrong ways to go." According to former Colombian President Gaviria the war on drugs is essentially a war on people.[129] Gaviria suggested that improving public health and safety, strengthening anti-corruption measures, investing in sustainable development, decriminalizing drug consumption, and strengthening the regulation of therapeutic goods would enhance supply and demand reduction. Duterte viciously reacted to Gaviria's criticism by calling him an "idiot" while defending the approach in addressing the country's illegal drugs problem as well setting aside the issue of extrajudicial killings.[130][131]

Statistics

The following statistics are sourced from the Philippine Information Agency (as of 20 April 2017) and are contested by different sources.[9]

The ongoing drug war has been subject to popular interpretation from various media outlets ranging from local to international productions.

In March 2017, a National Geographic episode was aired featuring scenes and stories of the drug war.[133]

"Hustisya" is a rap song about the drug war which was created by local artists inspired by the death of their friend immortalized in what is now known as Philippines Pieta.[134]

In April 11, 2017, The New York Times won a Pulitzer Prize for breaking news photography on their Philippine Drug war report. The story was published on December 7, 2016, and was titled "They Are Slaughtering Us Like Animals".[135]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Martin Petty (6 March 2017). "Philippines Police Relaunch ‘War on Drugs’". The Wire.
  2. ↑ Lamb, Kate (October 3, 2016). "Philippines secret death squads: officer claims police teams behind wave of killings" – via The Guardian.
  3. ↑ "Retired Philippine policeman says Duterte ordered 'death squad' hits". February 20, 2017 – via Reuters.
  4. ↑ "“License to Kill”". March 1, 2017.
  5. ↑ "CPP takes back cooperation in Duterte's drug war, calls for end to 'madness'".
  6. ↑ News, ABS-CBN. "CPP: Duterte's drug war is 'anti-people, anti-democratic'".
  7. ↑ Lim, Frinston (3 July 2017). "MILF formally joins war on drugs". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 4 July 2017.
  8. ↑ Woody, Christopher (September 5, 2016). "The Philippines' president has declared a war on drugs, and it's turned normal people into hired killers". Business Insider. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Philippine Information Agency #RealNumbersPH
  10. 1 2 3 "Philippines police claim drug war deaths exaggerated". CNN.
  11. ↑ "Warning to drug dealers: PNP has 'double barrel' plan". Rappler. June 29, 2016. Retrieved September 25, 2016.
  12. ↑ "Police rack up an almost perfectly deadly record in Philippine drug war". Reuters. 5 December 2016. Retrieved 6 January 2017.
  13. 1 2 "Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte urged people to kill drug addicts". Associated Press. July 1, 2016. Retrieved July 8, 2016 – via The Guardian.
  14. ↑ "Philippine death squads very much in business as Duterte set for presidency". Reuters. May 26, 2016. Retrieved September 14, 2016. Human rights groups have documented at least 1,400 killings in Davao that they allege had been carried out by death squads since 1998. Most of those killed were drug users, petty criminals and street children.
  15. ↑ Rodrigo Duterte: The Rise of Philippines’ Death Squad Mayor - Human Rights Watch.
  16. ↑ Phil Zabriskie (July 19, 2002). "The Punisher". TIME.com. Archived from the original on October 22, 2010.
  17. ↑ "Philippines senator who branded President Duterte 'serial killer' arrested". The Guardian. 23 February 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  18. 1 2 "Suspect Stats". Reuters. October 18, 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  19. ↑ "Philippines: Duterte’s 100 days of carnage". Amnesty International. Retrieved 8 October 2016.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 "Philippines: Inside Duterte's killer drug war". Aljazeera. September 8, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  21. ↑ "DIDM IMPLAN re PNP Anti- Illegal Drugs Campaign Plan Project Double Barrel.pdf" (PDF). PNP-DIDM. August 3, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
  22. 1 2 3 "CMC 2016-16 PNP ANTI-ILLEGAL DRUGS CAMPAIGN PLAN – PROJECT DOUBLE BARREL.pdf" (PDF). PNP-DIDM. July 1, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
  23. 1 2 "2016-12 Additional Policies and Guidelines in the Conduct of PNP Anti-Illegal Drugs Campaign Plan: "Double Barrel"" (PDF). PNP-DIDM. July 22, 2016. Retrieved February 22, 2017.
  24. ↑ "PNP chief to LGU execs in drug trade: Prepare for war". Rappler. July 8, 2016. Retrieved December 13, 2016.
  25. ↑ "Communists answer Duterte's call to join fight vs. drugs". Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  26. ↑ "Bayan to maintain presence in the streets despite Duterte alliance". Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  27. ↑ "Philippine police kill 10 in Duterte's war on crime". Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  28. ↑ "Thirty killed in four days in Philippine war on drugs". July 4, 2016. Retrieved July 9, 2016 – via Reuters.
  29. 1 2 "Palace to critics of war vs drugs: Show proof of violations". Rappler. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  30. ↑ "Drug war ‘spiraling out of control’". Philippine Daily Inquirer. July 9, 2016.
  31. ↑ "MILF ready to aid Duterte in war vs drugs". Sun Star Cebu. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  32. ↑ "Du30 blasts triad, drug cartel". The Manila Standard. August 4, 2016.
  33. ↑ "Duterte names officials linked to drugs". Rappler. August 7, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  34. ↑ "Rody names politicians, judges, cops allegedly in illegal drugs". Philippine Daily Inquirer. August 7, 2016. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  35. ↑ "US 'concerned' by EJKs in war on drugs". Agence France-Presse. Interaksyon. August 9, 2016. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
  36. ↑ http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/807597/duterte-tells-de-lima-i-have-witnesses-against-you (August 18, 2016). "Duterte tells De Lima: I have witnesses against you". Inquirer Mindanao. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  37. ↑ "‘Love affair led to corruption’" (August 21, 2016). LLANESCA PANTI. The Manila Times. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  38. ↑ "UN rights experts urge Philippines to end wave of extrajudicial killings amid major drug crackdown". UN News Centre. United Nations. August 18, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  39. ↑ "UN experts urge the Philippines to stop unlawful killings of people suspected of drug-related offences". United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. United Nations. August 18, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  40. ↑ Esmaquel, Paterno (August 22, 2016). "Philippines 'not leaving' UN amid Duterte threat". Rappler. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  41. ↑ "Philippines Drug-War Deaths Double as President Duterte Lashes Out at U.N.". NBC News. August 22, 2016.
  42. ↑ "CHR: ICC may exercise jurisdiction over PH drug killings if …". Philippine Daily Inquirer. August 23, 2016.
  43. ↑ "Duterte matrix out; tags De Lima, ex-Pangasinan gov, others". August 25, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  44. ↑ "Duterte's drug matrix". CNN Philippines. August 25, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  45. ↑ "De Lima laughs off Duterte's 'drug matrix'". GMA News. August 25, 2016. Retrieved August 25, 2016.
  46. ↑ "2000 Killed in Philippines’ War on Drugs…". The Wire. August 31, 2016.
  47. ↑ "Duterte to De Lima: Resign, hang yourself…". Rappler. August 29, 2016.
  48. ↑ "Filipino President: There's No Genocide Here…". The Daily Beast. August 29, 2016.
  49. ↑ Solomon, F. (September 6, 2016). "Rodrigo Duterte declares a state of emergency in the Philippines". Time. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  50. 1 2 Ranada, P. (September 5, 2016). "Duterte signs state of nat'l emergency proclamation". Rappler. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  51. ↑ Viray, P.L. (September 6, 2016). "Palace issues proclamation of state of national emergency". The Philippine Star. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  52. ↑ "Duterte’s First 100 Days". Huffington Post. 7 October 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2016.
  53. ↑ "Obama throws planned meeting with Philippines leader into doubt…". Reuters. September 5, 2016.
  54. ↑ "Obama cancels meeting with ‘colorful’ Philippine president, who now expresses regret…". The Washington Post. September 5, 2016.
  55. ↑ "After cursing Obama, Duterte expresses regret…". CNN. September 5, 2016.
  56. ↑ "Senate ousts De Lima as justice committee chairperson". Rappler. September 19, 2016.
  57. ↑ "The Philippine President's Dwindling Opposition". The Atlantic. September 19, 2016. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  58. ↑ "Philippine president Rodrigo Duterte to extend drug war as 'cannot kill them all'". The Guardian. September 19, 2016.
  59. ↑ "Rodrigo Duterte: Philippines president to extend war on drugs because he 'can't kill them all'". The Independent. September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  60. ↑ "Duterte critic took bribes, Philippine felons tell Congress members". Reuters. September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  61. ↑ Ranada, Pia. "Philippines, Vietnam to create 6-year action plan for cooperation". Rappler.
  62. 1 2 "Duterte: I'm being portrayed as a 'cousin of Hitler'". Rappler.
  63. ↑ "Duterte's Hitler remarks 'troubling' – Pentagon chief". Rappler.
  64. ↑ "Duterte’s Hitler remarks ‘deeply troubling,’ says Pentagon chief". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  65. ↑ "Germany: Duterte Hitler remarks ‘unacceptable’". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  66. ↑ "Duterte apologizes to Jews for Hitler remarks". GMA News.
  67. ↑ "Duterte apologizes to Jews for Hitler remark". The Philippine Star.
  68. ↑ "Philippines secret death squads: officer claims police teams behind wave of killings". The Guardian. Retrieved October 6, 2016.
  69. ↑ "End of the road for mayor on drug list, 9 others". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  70. ↑ "Maguindanao mayor, 9 others dead in clash with anti-drug police". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  71. ↑ "8 Maguindanao officials linked to drugs surrender to PNP chief". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  72. ↑ Philippines' Duterte: We'll turn to Russia if US won't sell us guns, CNN. November 2, 2016.
  73. ↑ Exclusive: U.S. stopped Philippines rifle sale that senator opposed - sources, Reuters. November 1, 2016.
  74. ↑ "Duterte cancels order of 26,000 rifles from US". Inquirer. November 7, 2016. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  75. ↑ "Albuera Mayor Espinosa killed in jail operation". Rappler.
  76. ↑ "'NANLABAN'? - With video: Albuera Mayor Espinosa killed in Leyte jail". InterAksyon.
  77. ↑ "CCTV footage of Albuera mayor's death missing". ABS-CBN News.
  78. ↑ "DUTERTE'S LIST: 'Narco' politicos, lawmen, judges". ABS-CBN News.
  79. ↑ "Albuera Mayor Espinosa, 1 other inmate killed in jail cell shootout – CIDG". CNN Philippines.
  80. ↑ "Mayor accused over drugs killed in Philippines jail, say police". The Independent. November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  81. ↑ "Espinosa killing ‘incredibly brazen’ - rights lawyer". InterAksyon. November 5, 2016. Retrieved November 7, 2016.
  82. ↑ "Lacson to seek resumption of Senate EJK probe after Espinosa’s killing". GMA News.
  83. ↑ "Senate hearings on killings 'suspended until further notice'". GMA News.
  84. ↑ "Duterte threat to kill rights defenders alarms groups". ABSCBN. AFP. November 30, 2016. Retrieved December 3, 2016.
  85. ↑ "WATCH | Gordon panel: No proof of EJK, DDS in war on drugs under Duterte". 8 December 2016. Retrieved 8 December 2016.
  86. 1 2 "Philippines: The police's murderous war on the poor". Amnesty International. Retrieved 9 February 2017.
  87. 1 2 "PHILIPPINES: "IF YOU ARE POOR, YOU ARE KILLED": EXTRAJUDICIAL KILLINGS IN THE PHILIPPINES' "WAR ON DRUGS"". Amnesty International. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  88. ↑ "Philippines police behave like 'criminal underworld' in drugs war - Amnesty". Reuters. February 1, 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
  89. ↑ "Philippines police paid to kill alleged drug offenders, says Amnesty". The Guardian. 31 January 2017. Retrieved 13 February 2017.
  90. ↑ "‘Amnesty lnternational naive and stupid’". Philstar. February 6, 2017. Retrieved 24 February 2017.
  91. ↑ "Cayetano to UN Human Rights Council: EJKs not state-sponsored". Philippine News Agency.
  92. 1 2 "Cayetano: PH war on drugs exaggerated by fake news". ABS-CBN.
  93. ↑ "Ozamiz City Mayor, 14 others killed in exchange of gunfire with police". CNN Philippines. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  94. ↑ "Mayor Parojinog killed in Ozamiz raid; daughter arrested — police". Inquirer.net. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  95. ↑ "Ozamiz City Mayor, twelve others killed in police raid". CNN Philippines. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  96. ↑ "http://www.france24.com/en/20170730-philippine-mayor-linked-drugs-killed-raid-police". France 24. Retrieved 30 July 2017. External link in |title= (help)
  97. ↑ "Militant group Bayan asks Duterte to probe killing of drug suspects". Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  98. ↑ Dumlao, Artemio (July 8, 2016). "Congress eyes probe on spate of drug killings". The Philippine Star. Retrieved July 9, 2016.
  99. ↑ "Duterte enjoys record-high 91% trust rating – Pulse Asia". Rappler. September 22, 2016. Retrieved October 3, 2016.
  100. ↑ "Cardinal Tagle breaks silence: Condemn murder".
  101. ↑ "'Foreign investors care about money, not drug deaths' — biz leader". CNN Philippines. September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 21, 2016.
  102. ↑ "In Duterte's Philippines, Foreigners Flee Stocks". Wall Street Journal. September 20, 2016. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  103. ↑ "PNP chief: Illegal drug supply already reduced by 80-90 percent". GMA Network. September 16, 2016.
  104. ↑ "Dela Rosa: We’re winning the war on drugs".
  105. ↑ Alexis Romero (June 14, 2016). "Taiwan confident of stronger ties with Philippines under Duterte". The Philippine Star. Retrieved November 5, 2016.
  106. ↑ "China supports Duterte's war on drugs". ABS-CBN News. July 9, 2016. Retrieved August 22, 2016.
  107. ↑ "China answers Duterte's call on illegal drugs: We're ready to help". Rappler. July 19, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  108. ↑ "Beijing backs Philippine President Duterte’s ruthless crackdown on drugs". South China Morning Post. July 20, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  109. ↑ "China envoy: Illegal drugs 'enemy of all mankind'". Rappler. September 28, 2016. Retrieved October 12, 2016.
  110. ↑ "European Parliament urges PH: End wave of killings". Rappler. September 17, 2016.
  111. ↑ "Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte tells the EU 'F*** you' over his war on drugs". The Independent. September 21, 2016. Retrieved October 2, 2016.
  112. ↑ "Duterte gives middle finger to EU lawmakers again". Rappler.
  113. ↑ "Indonesia Will Not Adopt the Philippines' 'Shoot on Sight' Policy Against Drug Criminals - Jakarta Globe".
  114. ↑ "Indonesian anti-drugs chief supports implementing Rodrigo Duterte's Philippine-style drug war…". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. September 8, 2016.
  115. ↑ Giovanni Nilles; Edith Regalado (October 17, 2016). "Brunei asked to support drug war, peace process". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
  116. ↑ Edith Regalado (October 18, 2016). "Brunei backs Philippines in war on drugs". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
  117. ↑ Kamles Kumar (October 25, 2016). "Malaysia won’t copy Philippines’ deadly drug war, says DPM". The Malay Mail. Retrieved October 25, 2016.
  118. ↑ "Int'l Criminal Court chief prosecutor warns PH over drug killings". CNN Philippines.
  119. ↑ "Int'l criminal court 'closely following' PH war on drugs". Rappler.
  120. 1 2 "International court warns PH on killings". Philippine Daily Inquirer.
  121. ↑ Paterno Esmaquel II (November 17, 2016). "Sweden voices concern over killings in Philippines". Rappler. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  122. ↑ "Rodrigo Duterte: Donald Trump Endorsed Deadly War on Drugs as 'The Right Way'". Time.
  123. ↑ "PH and Singapore One with the War Against Drugs and Terrorism". TheMochaPost. 16 December 2016. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  124. ↑ "James Taylor cancels Manila show, cites drug war". ABS-CBN News.
  125. ↑ "Promoter speaks up on cancelled James Taylor show". ABS-CBN News.
  126. ↑ "Duterte's drug war a 'campaign of mass atrocities': US senators". ABS-CBN News.
  127. ↑ Patricia Lourdes Viray (October 17, 2016). "US senators want tracking of funds in Philippines amid drug war". The Philippine Star. Retrieved October 19, 2016.
  128. ↑ Marcelo, Ver (May 5, 2017). "U.S. Senators file bill to block arms export to PH". CNN Philippines. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
  129. ↑ "Former Colombian Presidents take Philippine Drug War". TheMochaPost. Retrieved February 16, 2017.
  130. ↑ Gaviria, César (February 7, 2017). "President Duterte Is Repeating My Mistakes". The New York Times. Retrieved February 8, 2017.
  131. ↑ "Duterte calls Colombian ex-president 'idiot'". Philstar.
  132. ↑ "2016 Philippine Statistical Yearbook" (PDF). Philippine Statistics Authority.
  133. ↑ "National Geographic Film Shows Horrors of Duterte's Drug War". Time.
  134. ↑ CNN, Euan McKirdy. "'Is this the new Filipino life?' Manila rappers blast Duterte's war on drugs". CNN.
  135. ↑ "NYT wins Pulitzer Prize for PH drug war report". CNN Philippines. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.