Pherbellia
| Pherbellia | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Pherbellia cinerella | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Hexapoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Sciomyzidae |
| Genus: | Pherbellia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 |
| Type species | |
| Pherbellia vernallis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830[1] | |
| Species | |
|
About 95, see text | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Pherbellia is a genus of flies in the family Sciomyzidae, the marsh flies or snail-killing flies. They occur throughout the world, except for the Subantarctic region.[2]
Like many Sciomyzidae, species of this genus have larvae that are predators or parasitoids of snails. The larva of P. albovaria, for example, eats land snails such as Anguispira alternata and A. fergusoni, and then pupates in the empty shell.[3] The P. albocostata larva eats up to five snails and then pupates in the ground litter next to the last empty shell.[4] The larva of P. inflexa attacks the glass snail Zonitoides arboreus.[5]
P. punctata is a parasitoid on the amber snail Succinea putris.[6] P. anubis larvae feed on several types of freshwater snails along the edges of ponds and marshes.[4] Several Pherbellia are predators of the pond snail Stagnicola palustris.[4] While most snail-killing flies target land and freshwater pulmonate snails, P. prefixa preys on the mossy valvata (Valvata sincera), which is an operculate snail in the valve snail family.[4]
As of 2012 there were about 95 species in the genus.[2]
Species
Species in this genus include:[7][4]
- P. albicarpa (Róndani, 1868)
- P. albocostata (Fallén, 1820)
- P. albovaria (Coquillett, 1901)
- P. aloea Orth, 1983
- P. alpina (Frey, 1930)
- P. annulipes (Zetterstedt, 1846)
- P. anubis Knutson, 1969
- P. argyra Verbeke, 1967
- P. argyrotarsis (Becker, 1908)
- P. austera (Meigen, 1830)
- P. beatricis Steyskal, 1949
- P. borea Orth, 1982
- P. brevistriata Li, Yang & Gu, 2001
- P. brunnipes (Meigen, 1838)
- P. bryanti Steyskal, 1967
- P. californica Orth, 1982
- P. caparti Verbeke, 1967
- P. cinerella (Fallén, 1820)
- P. clathrata (Loew, 1874)
- P. czernyi (Hendel, 1902)
- P. dentata Merz & Rozkosny, 1995
- P. ditoma Steyskal, 1956
- P. dorsata (Zetterstedt, 1846)
- P. dubia (Fallén, 1820)
- P. fisheri Orth, 1987
- P. footei Steyskal, 1961
- P. frohnei Steyskal, 1963
- P. garganica Rivosecchi, 1989
- P. goberti (Pandellé, 1902)
- P. griseicollis (Becker, 1900)
- P. griseola (Fallén, 1820)
- P. grisescens (Meigen, 1830)
- P. guttata (Coquillett, 1901)
- P. hackmani Rozkosny, 1982
- P. hermonensis Knutson & Freidberg, 1983
- P. hungarica Rozkosny, 1972
- P. idahoensis Steyskal, 1961
- P. inclusa (Wollaston, 1858)
- P. inflexa Orth, 1983
- P. javana Meijere, 1911
- P. juxtajavana Knutson, Manguin & Orth, 1990[8]
- P. knutsoni Verbeke, 1967
- P. koreana Rozkosny & Kozanek, 1989
- P. krivosheinae Rozkosny & Knutson, 1991
- P. kugleri Knutson, 1986[9]
- P. kugleri Knutson, 1986
- P. lathraea Steyskal, 1953
- P. limbata (Meigen, 1830)
- P. luctifera (Loew, 1861)
- P. lutheri Rozkosny, 1982
- P. majuscula (Róndani, 1868)
- P. marthae Orth, 1982
- P. melanderi Steyskal, 1963
- P. mikiana (Hendel, 1900)
- P. mixta Elberg, 1965
- P. nana (Fallén, 1820)
- P. obscura (Ringdahl, 1948)
- P. obtusa (Fallén, 1820)
- P. oregona Steyskal, 1961
- P. orientalis Rozkosny & Knutson, 1991
- P. ozerovi Rozkosny, 1991
- P. pallidicarpa (Róndani, 1868)
- P. pallidiventris (Fallén, 1820)
- P. paludum Orth, 1982
- P. parallela (Walker, 1853)
- P. phela Steyskal, 1963
- P. pilosa (Hendel, 1902)
- P. pninae Knutson & Freidberg, 1983
- P. povolnyi Rozkosny, 1969
- P. prefixa Steyskal, 1967
- P. priscillae Knutson & Freidberg, 1983
- P. propages Steyskal, 1967
- P. quadrata Steyskal, 1961
- P. rozkosnyi Verbeke, 1967
- P. schoenherri (Fallén, 1826)
- P. scutellaris (von Roser, 1840)
- P. seticoxa Steyskal, 1961
- P. shatalkini Rozkosny, 1991
- P. silana Rivosecchi, 1989
- P. similis (Cresson, 1920)
- P. sordida (Hendel, 1902)
- P. spectabilis Orth, 1984
- P. stackelbergi Elberg, 1965
- P. steyskali Rozkosny & Zuska, 1965
- P. stylifera Rozkosny, 1982
- P. subtilis Orth & Steyskal, 1980
- P. suspecta Orth & Steyskal, 1981
- P. tenuipes (Loew, 1872)
- P. trabeculata (Loew, 1872)
- P. tricolor Sueyoshi, 2001[10]
- P. ursilacus Orth, 1982
- P. ventralis (Fallén, 1820)
- P. villiersi Séguy, 1941
- P. trivittata (Cresson, 1920)
- P. ziminae Verbeke, 1967
References
- ↑ Rozkošný, R. (1984). The Sciomyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica. 14. E.J. Brill/Scandinavian Science Press. pp. 224 pp. ISBN 90-04-07592-5.
- 1 2 Knutson, William L.; Knutson, Lloyd V.; Chapman, Eric G.; Mc Donnell, Rory J.; Williams, Christopher D.; Foote, Benjamin A.; Vala, Jean-Claude (2012). "Key Aspects of the Biology of Snail-Killing Sciomyzidae Flies" (PDF). Annual Review of Entomology. Annual Reviews. 57: 425–447. PMID 22149268. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100702. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
- ↑ Örstan, A. (2008). "Larva of the sciomyzid fly Pherbellia albovaria preys on the land snail Angispira fergusoni" (PDF). Triton. Israel Malacological Society. 18: 37. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Foote, B.A.; Knutson, L.V.; Keiper, J.B. (1999). "The snail-killing flies of Alaska (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)". Insecta Mundi. Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida. 13 (1–2): 45–71. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- ↑ Foote, B.A. (2007). "Biology of Pherbellia inflexa (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), a predator of land snails belonging to the genus Zonitoides". Entomological News. The American Entomological Society. 118 (2): 193–198. doi:10.3157/0013-872x(2007)118[193:bopdsa]2.0.co;2. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- ↑ Moor, B. (1980). "On the biology of the relationship between Pherbellia punctata (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) and its host Succinea putris (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora)". Revue Suisse de Zoologie. Muséum histoire naturelle sciences naturelles de la Ville de Genéve. 87 (4): 941–953. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.85565. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- ↑ Pherbellia. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
- ↑ Knutson, L.; Manguin, S.; Orth, R.E. (1990). "A second Australian species of Pherbellia Robineau Desvoidy (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)". Australian Journal of Entomology. Australian Entomological Society. 29 (4): 281–386. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1990.tb00364.x. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- ↑ Knutson, Lloyd (1985). "Pherbellia kugleri, a remarkable new species from Mt. Hermon, with other new records of Sciomyzidae from Israel (Diptera:Acalyptratae)" (PDF). Israel Journal of Entomology. The Entomological Society of Israel. 19: 111–117. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
- ↑ Sueyoshi, M. (2001). "A revision of Japanese Sciomyzidae (Diptera), with descriptions of three new species". Entomological Science. Wiley. 4 (4): 485–506.
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