Perisai Diri

Perisai Diri
Country of origin Indonesia Indonesia
Creator Raden Mas Soebandiman Dirdjoatmodjo
Parenthood About 156 style of Pencak Silat in Indonesia and Shaolin Kuntao.
Meaning Self-shield

Perisai Diri is a Martial Arts Organization of pencak silat from Indonesia that was founded by Raden Mas Soebandiman Dirdjoatmodjo (R.M. Soebandiman Dirdjoatmodjo) on July 2, 1955, in Surabaya, East Java.[1] The term literally means "shield of oneself".[2]

History

Raden Mas Soebandiman Dirdjoatmodjo, also known as Pak Dirdjo, was born on January 8, 1913 in the Paku Alam Palace, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. He is the first son of Raden Mas Pakoe Soedirdjo, great-grandfather of Paku Alam II. When he was 9 years old he mastered the palace's martial arts and was authorised to train his friends in the palace. In addition to learning pencak silat, he also learned traditional dance at the Palace of Paku Alam and became friends with Wasi and Bagong Kussudiardja.

In his childhood, Pak Dirdjo was called Soebandiman or Bandiman by his friends. He was very keen to learn more pencak silat and after he graduated from Hollands Inlandsche Kweekschool (HIK, teacher training school) he left Yogyakarta to begin his journeys without taking any logistics into account.

The first place he visited was Jombang, East Java. Thus, he learned pencak silat with K.H. Hasan Basri. He also deepened his spiritual at Tebuireng Islamic Boarding School. To support his life, he worked in the sugar factory in Peterongan. Having had a hard training with K.H. Hasan Basri and felt sufficient, he prolonged his journey to Solo, Central Java, he obtained another hard pencak silat training from Sayid Sahab. He also learned spiritual aspects from his grandfather, Ki Jogosurasmo.

He was still not satisfied to increase the pencak silat knowledge. The next destination is Semarang, Central Java. There he learned pencak silat from Soegito with Setia Saudara style. Continued by learned spiritual aspects at Randu Gunting Boarding School in Semarang. Great curiosity in pencak silat made Pak Dirdjo still not satisfied with what he has had. From there he toward Cirebon after transit in Kuningan, West Java. Here he learned another pencak silat and spiritual aspects do not get enough to always draw knowledge from various teachers. In addition, he also learned Minangkabau pencak silat and Aceh pencak silat.

His determination to combine and process a variety of pencak silat that he learned made him not tire of learning. Switching her teacher means learning new things and increase knowledge he feels less. He was sure, if everything is done properly and based on good intentions, then God will guide to achieve its goals. He began to draw on his own pencak silat. Pak Dirdjo then settled in Parakan, Central Java, and open a pencak silat school with name Eka Kalbu, which means one heart.

In the midst of training, he met with a master of Chinese Kuntao with Siauw Liem Sie (Shaolinshi) style, his name is Yap Kie San. Yap Kie San is one of the grandchildren pupil of Louw Djing Tie through Hoo Tik Tjay. According to historical records, Louw Djing Tie is a legendary martial arts master, both in China and in Indonesia, and one of the major figures who carrier Chinese martial arts to Indonesia. In the martial arts world, Louw Djing Tie nicknamed as Garuda Emas dari Siauw Liem Pay (The Golden Eagle from Shaolin). Currently successor students of Louw Djing Tie in Indonesia continuing Garuda Emas kungfu school.

Pak Dirdjo which to learn a science regardless of age and ethnicity and studied martial arts originating from the monastery Siauw Liem (Shaolin) is from Yap Kie San for 14 years. He was accepted as a student is not in the normal way but through battle friendships with Yap Kie San's students. See the talent Pak Dirdjo, Yap Kie San moved to accept it as a student.

Various trials and training he lived with perseverance until finally reached the summit of martial arts training from Yap Kie San. Yap Kie San's students which can hold only six people, of whom there are two people who are not Chinese people, they are Pak Dirdjo and Raden Brotosoetarjo who later founded a pencak silat martial arts style with name Bima (Budaya Indonesia Mataram). With the provision obtained during go abroad and combined with Siauw Liem Sie martial arts received from Yap Kie San, Pak Dirdjo began to formulate a science that has mastered it.

After being satisfied to go abroad, he returned to his homeland, Yogyakarta. Ki Hajar Devantoro (Indonesia Education Father), Pak Dirdjo's uncle, asked Pak Dirdjo to teach pencak silat in the Taman Siswa College in Wirogunan.[3] In the midst of busy teaching pencak silat in Taman Siswa, Pak Dirdjo get a job as Magazijn Meester in the sugar factory in Plered.

In 1947 in Yogyakarta, Pak Dirdjo appointed Civil Servants in the Ministry of Education and Culture, Section of Pencak Silat, which is headed by Mochammad Djoemali. Based on his mission to develop pencak silat, Pak Dirdjo open pencak silat courses through official to the public. He also asked to teach at the Himpunan Siswa Budaya, a student activity unit in UGM (Universitas Gadjah Mada). His students are UGM students at the beginning of the establishment of the campus. Pak Dirdjo also opened a pencak silat course in his office. Some Pak Dirdjo's students at that time is Ir. Dalmono, Prof. Dr. Bambang Suyono Hadi and R.M. Moediono Probokusumo who in the family of Perisai Diri also known as Mas Wuk.

In 1954 Pak Dirdjo conjunct to the East Java Provincial Cultural Office, Pencak Silat Affairs. His disciples in Yogyakarta, whether practicing at UGM and outside UGM, merge into one container HPPSI (Himpunan Penggemar Pencak Silat Indonesia), chaired by Ir. Dalmono.

In 1955, he moved to the city of Surabaya. With the same task, which was to develop and disseminate the pencak silat as a culture of Indonesia, Pak Dirdjo open pencak silat courses are held at the Cultural Office of East Java in Surabaya. Assisted by Imam Ramelan, he founded the pencak silat courses with name "Perisai Diri" on July 2, 1955.[1]

His students in Yogyakarta was then adapt them as a named set of Perisai Diri silat. The disciples of Eka Kalbu ever established by Pak Dirdjo still in touch with him. They are scattered in Banyumas, Purworejo and Yogyakarta. This silat school is then not grown, but melted into Perisai Diri silat, as HPPSI in Yogyakarta. One teacher makes this college melting becomes easy.

The experience gained during wander and Siauw Liem Sie martial arts are mastered then pour in the form of techniques appropriate to the needs and capabilities of the human anatomy, without any element of rape motion. Everything went naturally and can be proven scientifically. With the motto Pandai Silat Tanpa Cedera (mastermind the silat without injury), Perisai Diri accepted by all walks of life to learn a martial art.

In 1969, a Pak Dirdjo's student, Dr. Suparjono, S.H., M.Si., became the staff of council PB PON VII (7th Indonesian National Sports Week) in Surabaya. With inspiration from the sport organizations AD / ART (articles of association) in KONI (The National Sports Committee of Indonesia), Suparjono with Bambang Moediono Probokusumo, Totok Sumantoro, Mondo Satrio and other Dewan Pendekar members in 1970 preparing AD / ART Perisai Diri and the full name of the organization parried be approved "Keluarga Silat Nasional Indonesia Perisai Diri" abbreviated "Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri".[4] Also discussed about the Perisai Diri standard uniforms, which had been changed to black and white with the attribute level changed several times until the last as it is used today. Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri's logo is also made of the results of several Pak Dirdjo's students proposal, namely the proposed picture of Suparjono, Both Sudargo and Bambang Priyokuncoro, which later proposal of Suparjono elected, then refined and completed by Pak Dirdjo.

In 1982, Pak Dirdjo lift 23 of his students became Pendekar. The pendekar is appointed directly by Pak Dirdjo is called Pendekar Historis. Pendekar Historis amounting to 23 person :

  1. Mat Kusen, from Surabaya.
  2. Dr. Suparjono, S.H., M.Si., from Surabaya.
  3. Drs. Noerhasdijanto, S.H., from Surabaya.
  4. Hari Soejanto, from Surabaya.
  5. F.X. Supi'i, from Surabaya.
  6. Ir. Nanang Soemindarto, from Surabaya.
  7. Prof. Dr. dr. Hari K. Lasmono, M.S., from Surabaya.
  8. Drs. Siaman, from Surabaya.
  9. Prof. Dr. M. Hidajat, Sp.O.T., from Surabaya.
  10. Drs. I Made Suwetja, M.B.A., from Denpasar.
  11. Arnowo Adji, from Tangerang.
  12. Yahya Buari, from Lamongan.
  13. Bambang Soekotjo Maxnoll, from Cimahi.
  14. Tonny S. Kohartono, from Surabaya.
  15. Mondo Satrio Hadi Prakoso, from Surabaya.
  16. Koesnadi, from Surabaya.
  17. Letkol Soegiarto Mertoprawiro, from Serang.
  18. Totok Soemantoro, B.Sc., from Klaten.
  19. Moeljono, from Nganjuk.
  20. Wardjiono, from Jakarta.
  21. Gunawan Parikesit, from Semarang.
  22. I Gusti Ngurah Dilla, from Surabaya.
  23. Ruddy J. Kapojos, from Surabaya.

On May 9, 1983, R.M. Soebandiman Dirdjoatmodjo die facing the Creator.[5] The responsibility for continuing Perisai Diri technique and training switch to the students that has now spread to all corners of the country and several countries in Europe, America and Australia. With under the coordination of Dr. Ir. Soetjipto, M.M., as Chairman of the Central Board, currently Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri has branches in almost every province in Indonesia and has commissariat in 10 other countries. To appreciate his services, in 1986 the government of the Republic of Indonesia bestowed the title Pendekar Purna Utama for R.M. Soebandiman Dirdjoatmodjo.

In Australia, Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri was developed in Brisbane in 1979 by Dadan Muharram, a Perisai Diri silat trainer from Bandung, West Java. Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri growing rapidly in Australia with branches in various regions, among which at Tarragindi, Kuraby, Logan, Ashmore, Burleigh Heads, Springbrook, Maleny, Nambour, Noosaville, Yandina, Gympie, Townsville, Coffs Harbour, Newcastle, Moruya Heads, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, etc.

Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri also developed in the Netherlands by Ronny Tjong A-Hung since 1979. Today Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri in the Netherlands has developed a practice in Amsterdam, Hilversum, Maarssen, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, etc.

In 1983, one of the Perisai Diri silat coach, Otto Soeharjono M.S., move the duty to London, England. He founded Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri Commissariat United Kingdom and became a pioneer of PSF UK (Pencak Silat Federation of United Kingdom).

Both Sudargo, one of the Pendekar of Perisai Diri who served as the Board of Development of Pencak Silat Sports PB IPSI, in 1996 commissioned by the government as Transportation Attache at the Indonesian Embassy in Tokyo, Japan. The country is known as the center of the world martial arts, he successfully developed the pencak silat by establishing JAPSA (Japan Pencak Silat Association). Assisted by Soesilo Soedarmadji, he developed the Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri Commissariat Japan.

In addition Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri also growing up to Germany, Switzerland, Timor-Leste, France, USA, Sweden, etc.

Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri has several times held an international championship event known as the Perisai Diri International Championship (PDIC), i.e. :

This championship event scheduled every two years.

Perisai Diri Silat techniques

Perisai Diri fighters levels are divided into several levels, each of which taken within a certain time period. Broadly speaking, these stages are grouped in the Dasar (Basic) and Keluarga (Family) level.[6]

Dasar level consists of :

Keluarga level, use red belt, consists of several levels which are marked with color strip on the badge on the left chest :

Stages silat Perisai Diri lessons consists of introduction, understanding, application, deepening and appreciation.

Senam Kombinasi

Senam Kombinasi is a composition of motion Perisai Diri silat drilled to a fighter as a warming-up before entering into the core training session. At first glance like a series of jurus in the pencak silat in general, but Senam Kombinasi is not a series of moves that need to be memorized as jurus in other pencak silat style.

A series of Senam Kombinasi motion made by the local trainers during training progress. This motion a series prepared by trainers with technical guidelines as if the fighters do Serang Hindar with an opponent. A series is made by the trainers carried out with maximum power and speed and is repeated many times.

The purpose of this Senam Kombinasi exercise is to create a habit of doing the right techniques and create good reflex against the fighters. This exercise will also form the muscles of the fighters in order to adapt to Perisai Diri technique. Senam Kombinasi is always different in every training session, either bare hands or using a weapon.

Teknik Senjata

Since the Dasar level will be taught the techniques of bare hands self-defense. At the next level are taught the technique of the use of senjata (weapons) with obligatory weapon pisau (knives), pedang (swords) and toya (long staff). With a basic mastery of the three weapon are required, pisau represent short weapon, pedang representing middle weapon and toya represent long weapon, Perisai Diri fighter trained to be able to leverage existing equipment around to use as weapons. The technique can also be used to using other weapons, such as sickles, trident, guandao, spears, machetes, katana, clubs, fans, sign, umbrella, bread bats, rifle, and bayonet.

Pisau techniques began to be taught to the fighter who had occupied the Putih level. But at the level of Calon Keluarga, a fighter has been introduced with a basic lesson of pisau techniques. While the pedang techniques began to be taught to the Hijau level fighters, but the basic lessons of pedang technique has been introduced to a fighter in the Putih level. The latter mandatory weapon techniques that toya, began to be taught to fighters Biru Merah level. But starting Putih Hijau level fighters have been introduced with basic lessons of toya techniques.

The purpose of the lessons is to provide an understanding of weapons for fighters of various kinds of weapons. By knowing the characteristics of the weapon, then the member will quickly adapt to a variety of weapons. For example, by studying the pisau, then the fighter will understand the advantages and disadvantages of short weapons. Even fighters will be able to adapt similar objects like a dagger as a weapon, or even pens and pencils. By understanding the characteristics of these weapons as well, a fighter will understand how to deal with various kinds of weapons if indeed the situation was urgent.

Serang Hindar

A practical method which is very important to be learned by Perisai Diri fighters is Serang Hindar (attack - avoid) exercise. In this exercise will be taught how to attack and avoid the most efficient, fast, precise, agile, swift and thoughtful. Even face to face with an opponent, the chance of injury is very small because every student is equipped with the basic principles in an attack and evasion. Small risk on Serang Hindar method which gives rise to the motto Pandai Silat Tanpa Cedera (mastermind the silat without injury). With this motto PD preparing educational programs by paying attention to psychological factors and curriculum.

In practice Serang Hindar, two fighters face each other. Near them was a trainer who noticed. A fighter is referred to as A and another called B. The trainer gave the command "hup!", along with the A attacked B with one motion, while B silently waited the attack close and then move to avoid. The trainer keeps gestured up to 5 times for A attack and B should be avoided during an attack of A is close. Once completed, B attack on the second 5 cue.

That is one method of exercise in pairs on Perisai Diri silat known as Serang Hindar. Serang Hindar method has been formulated by Pak Dirdjo in order to provide security for both fighters. During practice, the fighters are asked to carry out attacks and avoid techniques in accordance with the guidelines Perisai Diri silat.

Next methods Perisai Diri pairs are Serang Hindar Balas (attack - avoid - counterattack). On the Serang Hindar Balas method, in one cue, A would carry out attacks against and B avoid, then B attack and A avoid. A set of A attack and B avoid, and B counterattack and A avoid, is the implementation of the method Serang Hindar Balas. In the 5 first cue, A gets a chance to attack first and B counterattack after making a perfect evasion, while the 5 second cue will be exchanged by coaches, B attack first.

The purpose of Serang Hindar Balas exercise is to train fighter, especially for the avoidance, to avoid difficult direction seen by opponents, but it would be very easy for a counterattack. This is called the lock position evasion opponent. The avoidant also must learn how he should put their steps in order to accelerate the subsequent counterattack.

Another method that pairs trained in Perisai Diri is Beladiri (self defense). Beladiri is where the current A attack and B avoid while releasing counterattack to A. In this case, B is called doing Beladiri. So the difference with the previous method is, that B does not do a perfect avoid than counterattack, but B does avoid and attack in one fell swoop.

As a simple illustration, for example, A did a punch to the front, when the a punch close, then B move sideways as he thrust his hand toward the eye. In this case, the B doing Beladiri.

Serang Hindar, Serang Hindar Balas and Beladiri will be taught to Perisai Diri fighters both basic level to a high level though. This method will be applied using either bare hands or using weapons such as knives, swords and long staff.

Teknik Asli

Perisai Diri silat techniques contains elements of 156 pencak silat style from various regions in Indonesia were sorted and grouped according to the character of each stream. Teknik Asli (original techniques) in Perisai Diri silat also excavated from the Siauw Liem (Shaolin) style that with creativity and implementation Pak Dirdjo movement has been inspired by the character of Indonesian martial arts. This is what makes Perisai Diri has a unique nature, there is no similarity with other martial arts. Asli (original) called because it has its own frame, not a combination of several martial arts stream.

Teknik Asli in Perisai Diri silat among them are :

  1. Burung Meliwis (Whistling Duck)
  2. Burung Kuntul (Egret / Heron)
  3. Burung Garuda (Golden Eagle)
  4. Harimau (Tiger)
  5. Naga (Dragon)
  6. Satria (Knight)
  7. Pendeta (Priest)
  8. Putri (Princess)

In addition to the techniques mentioned above, there are several techniques that are part Perisai Diri silat techniques, including Kuda Kuningan (Brass Horse), Lingsang (Otter), Satria Hutan (Forest Knight) and Kera (Monkey), as well as some techniques from several regions in Indonesia, among them are Minangkabau (Western Sumatera), Jawa Timuran (Eastern Javanese), Cimande, Bawean and Betawen (Batavian).

Teknik Minangkabau

The movement of Minangkabau techniques similar to traditional dances from Minangkabau, West Sumatra. One of the purposes of studying this technique is to strengthen the thigh muscles and back muscles. This technique also gives the experience of how it feels when we are at a modestly to the ground. A series of Minangkabau techniques be taught to fighters who occupied the Calon Keluarga level.

To attack the opponent, Minang techniques often precede the opening part of his body weak with slow motion. This is a deliberate provocation so that the opponent strike first. When an opponent comes to attack, that's when Minang technique will move very quickly and violently crush the opponent's attack with elbow and proceed with the next attack.

Teknik Burung Meliwis

Burung Meliwis (whistling duck) has its own characteristics in the move, i.e. moves lightly and quickly. The purpose of studying this technique is to train speed, lightening body and familiarize themselves with the toe tread. By studying these techniques, then the fighters themselves will train the muscles of the legs, calves and hips. A series of Meliwis techniques be taught to fighters who occupied the White level.

Meliwis use fingertips to attack the opponent. Therefore, it will only attack the weak parts such as the eyes and neck. When attacked, Meliwis quickly threw his hands in the direction of an opponent and will be back at the same speed, making it difficult for the opponent to resist.

In addition to the fingertips, Meliwis also use the wrist to attack the parts such as the neck and chin. This technique also uses the inner wrist to reject the way of redirecting the opponent's attack.

Teknik Burung Kuntul

After studying Meliwis technique, Putih Hijau level fighters will accept the following technique lessons, Burung Kuntul (egret/heron). If during practice Meliwis, fighter taught to move lightweight, fighter now taught to involve force while moving light.

Compared with Meliwis, Kuntul not only attack the weak, but also other parts such as the knee. This technique has a kick that is used to destroy opponents knee.

At the time of attack, the nature of the Kuntul attack is whipped. Attacks leveled very quickly from the body toward the target and by itself back toward the body at the same speed. But the attack patterns of Kuntul never straight forward as martial arts techniques in general, Kuntul attack always leads to the side.

For front attack, Kuntul will position itself such that the opponent will be located beside the time of the attack hit the target.

Teknik Burung Garuda

Burung Garuda (golden eagle) is the strongest bird symbol among other bird species. Therefore, compared with the previous bird techniques, Garuda has the most high fighting ability. A series of Garuda techniques be taught to fighters who occupied the Hijau level.

When practicing the Garuda technique, the fighters will introduce how to use the body changes as additional power when attacking or resisting. Because of its ability to use this body, the power owned by the Garuda technique becomes greater than the Meliwis and Kuntul.

Garuda using the hands and elbows as fixtures in attacking and resisting. This technique is always developing his fifth as wide as possible to strengthen the side of the hand muscles.

Garuda frequent target of attack in the direction of the neck. By using the elbow, Garuda will thrust slicing the neck and neck with the outer side of the hand, to the neck bone damage opponents at once tearing opponents skin. Not only the neck, Garuda also can attack to the middle between the two eyebrows opponent and slice along the eye line.

Within very tightly, Garuda utilize his elbow to the weak opponent or exploit his heel to kick a short distance toward the pubic opponent.

To protect yourself from the opponent's attack, Garuda utilize to reject the lower legs and hands to the middle and upper.

Teknik Harimau

Compared with Garuda, Harimau (tiger) technique have greater capacity, be it power, speed, tenacity, ferocity and flexibility of movement. A series of Harimau techniques be taught to fighters who occupied the Hijau Biru level.

This technique was adapted from the original animal characters are adapted to the anatomy of the human body. Harimau ability better than Garuda because this technique has been used rotation of the body to improve the speed and power.

Harimau positions can be different, be it modestly, medium or high. At the time of humble position, this technique will widen the horses to be more modestly to the ground and will strike into the bottom area of the opponent, followed by rolling to keep away from the opponent. At the time of high position, this technique will target areas such as the chest and head. Even this technique is sometimes used to attack head jump.

While attacking, Harimau using equipment such as claws, hands, knees, ankles and feet. When refused, this technique will use equipment such as legs, arms and claws. The target is the target of the attack, among others, the eyes, face, ears, neck, chest, wrist body, genitals, knees and skin.

Teknik Naga

Naga (dragon) symbolized as the strongest animals in the ranks of Perisai Diri silat techniques. Therefore, the Naga is given at the level of the last animal at Perisai Diri silat techniques. The uniqueness of Naga techniques contained in stride way that always contains rounds. This is done to get to the central axis opponent while dodging, intercept or attack. Energy released was greater than the previous technique because this technique has been to unite the ability of the body rotation and weight transfer as an additional strength.

Plus, the fighter who receive this technique are those who have occupied the Biru level. At this level, they get a phase 1 of breathing technique lesson which focused to increase the power. Therefore, Naga techniques will be stronger again as the Biru level fighter combines technique and breathing into their applications.

While attacking, Naga techniques will damage the joints of the neck, thighs and arms. Weak areas such as the chin and genitals could also be targeted if the area is open.

Teknik Satria

After learning the animal techniques, at Biru Merah level fighters will begin to study human techniques. The first technique to learn is Satria (knight). At this level, a fighter considered to have been able to implement all the capabilities of the technique animals at levels. As a human technique, Satria will start leaving animal characters, such as wild, savage and brutal. Satria would think right before the act and implement motion with aplomb.

Along with the acceptance of this technique lesson, a fighters also receive phase 2 breathing technique lesson focused to blow up power. Because of the ability of the two stages breathing technique, Satria technical nature to be full of confidence. When the attack came, Satria will be refused, and damaging equipment memapas opponent's attack by hitting it where joints. When moving, this technique does not perform complicated movements such as the Harimau and Naga techniques.

Teknik Pendeta

In the Javanese language, Pandito (priest) means a person who always gives the philosophy of the goodness in others. This character was brought into the technique itself. This technique does not show the brutality and also not much joint damage or destroy the opponent. Although the ability of a fighter who still has the ability to learn Pastor underneath all techniques, but these techniques alone will not break when not needed. A series of Pendeta techniques be taught to fighters who occupied the Merah level.

Movement patterns performed this technique was much simpler. Only patterned his attack straight, with close proximity. Attacks carried out entirely using the body rotation. Equipment which is used when the attack is a fist, side of the body, head and heel. The shape of the hand is always clenching technique. Target of attacks generally are heartburn, head, ribs and parts of joints.

Teknik Putri

Teknik Putri (princess) is the highest techniques in Perisai Diri silat. A series of Putri techniques be taught to fighters who occupied the Merah Kuning level. The character of this technique can be fickle. Sometimes gently, but suddenly turned into a very fast and hard, then gently back. Putri combines all the capabilities that exist in the previous techniques, coupled with the ability of non-standard flexibility of movement as other techniques. Power who used is empty and contents. This term means that the Putri will always be empty without strength, but in the emptiness, out huge power in the event of contact with an opponent.

Putri often perform two different actions in one fell swoop. Neither was attacked while avoiding or attacking while rejecting. Even this technique often harness the opponent to attack, so he took power less. Turnover body is always applied in the technique coupled with phase 3 breathing technique which always accompany the motion. His attack is dark, which means it is difficult to see an opponent. Putri usually only react to the opponent's attack. He did not take the initiative to attack first.

Teknik Olah Pernafasan

When a fighter has occupied the Biru level, he will start to receive teknik olah pernafasan (breathing technique) lessons which useful both for fitness and to support self-defense. Perisai Diri breathing techniques are divided into three stages.

The first phase aim to collect energy. A fighter will learn breathing techniques to increase energy and make muscles become hard. When a fighter has completed phase 1, then he must immediately proceed to stage 2. Breathing exercises at this second stage will be focused to blow up power. Power have been able compiled as a result of the exercise in the first phase, now is directed to be released in forms of techniques, both attacks, repulsion, passed him and even evasion.

The last stage of the exercise is breathing techniques phase 3. In the third phase will focus on the implementation of the breath into martial arts movement. After the implementation of the third stage, a fighter will be able to breathe gently, moving quickly and instantly produce power when needed. The whole pattern of breathing, mode of implementation and the appreciation will be drilled at this stage. Therefore, this study will only be given to the coach who guided directly by a Pendekar.

Kerohanian

Fighter who has the skills to fight after learning martial arts techniques and breathing techniques should be given mental and spiritual education to become a virtuous fighter, who in Perisai Diri known as Kerohanian (spirituality) education.[7] Kerohanian education given in stages to give understanding and learning about self and people in general, so it is expected to create a fighter who minded and virtuous steel, has a strong self-confidence, behaves gentle, and wise in thinking and acting. The balance between knowledge of martial arts and spirituality will make Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri members alert and introspective, not arrogant, and at all times aware that on top of everything there is a Creator.

References

  1. 1 2 Article 2 Anggaran Dasar Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri.
  2. ↑ Draeger, Donn F. (1992). Weapons and fighting arts of Indonesia. Tuttle Publishing. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-8048-1716-5.
  3. ↑ "Tempo Magazine". May 21, 1983.
  4. ↑ Article 1 Paragraph (1) Anggaran Dasar Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri.
  5. ↑ "Kompas Newspaper". June 16, 1983.
  6. ↑ Article 4 Anggaran Rumah Tangga Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri.
  7. ↑ Article 5 Paragraph (5) Anggaran Rumah Tangga Kelatnas Indonesia Perisai Diri.
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