Pena (Lisbon)

Pena
Civil Parish (Freguesia)
The Junta Freguesia of Pena, the modern adoption of the parish authority
Coat of arms
Official name: Freguesia de Pena
Name origin: pena, Portuguese for help or aid
Country	Portugal
Region	Lisbon
Sub-region	Greater Lisbon
District	Lisbon
Municipality	Lisbon
Landmarks	Palace of Bemposta, Pena Recreational Coliseum
Center	Campo Mártires da Pátria
- elevation	59 m (194 ft)
- coordinates	38°43′16.91″N 9°8′23.60″W / 38.7213639°N 9.1398889°W / 38.7213639; -9.1398889Coordinates: 38°43′16.91″N 9°8′23.60″W / 38.7213639°N 9.1398889°W / 38.7213639; -9.1398889
Length	1.43 km (1 mi), Northwest-Southeast
Width	.53 km (0 mi), Southwest-Northeast
Area	0.50 km2 (0 sq mi)
Population	6,068 (2001)
Density	12,136/km2 (31,432/sq mi)
Settlement	fl. 1500
- Parish	c. 1564
- Civil Parish	c. 1705
LAU	Freguesia/Junta Freguesia
- location	Rua Saco, 1A, Pena, Lisbon
- elevation	41 m (135 ft)
- coordinates	38°43′14.52″N 9°8′17.90″W / 38.7207000°N 9.1383056°W / 38.7207000; -9.1383056
President Junta	Joaquim Lopes Ramos
Timezone	WET (UTC0)
- summer (DST)	WEST (UTC+1)
ISO 3166-2 code	PT-
Postal Zone	1150-283 Pena
Area Code & Prefix	(+351) 218 XXX XXX
Demonym	Lisboense; Lisboetas
Parish Address	Rua Saco, 1A 1150-283 Pena
Wikimedia Commons: Pena, Lisboa
Statistics: Instituto Nacional de Estatística[1]
Website: http://www.jf-pena.pt/
Geographic detail from CAOP (2010)[2] produced by Instituto Geográfico Português (IGP)

Pena is a former parish (freguesia) in the municipality of Lisbon, Portugal. At the administrative reorganization of Lisbon on 8 December 2012 it became part of the parish Arroios.^[3] In 2001, the population of the district included 6038 residents, in an area of 0.5 km², representing a highly compact population.

History

A scene from Pena (1910) after the death of Republican politician Dr. Miguel Bombarda

It was created in 1564, and designated Sant'Ana by Cardinal Henry, King of Portugal, when the parish of Santa Justa was divided.^[4]

Initially, the parish authority was localized in the Monastery of Sant'Ana (founded in 1561), but transferred to a building constructed by the brothers of the Santo Sacremento (after 25 March 1705): the Church of Nossa Senhora da Pena, along the Calçada da Pena, when the parish name changed to Nossa Senhora da Penha.^[4]

But, the 1755 Lisbon earthquake caused significant damage, and it was renovated by the middle of the 18th century, with recuperation completed in both the 18th and 19th centuries.^[4] Until 1763, the parish authority occupied several buildings, including a hermitage along the Travessa do Hospital, then at the Church of Nossa Senhora da Encarnação e Carmo, along the Travessa das Recolhidas, and later to the chapel in the Palace of Mitelo (in the Largo do Palácio do Mitelo).^[4]

Geography

The monument to Braamcamp Freire, the historian and oppositionist to the British occupation after the French Invasion

The parish of Pena occupies one of the hilltops in Lisbon, namely Santana, which extends from Largo São Domingos until Estefânia and from Portas de Santo Antão to Desterro.^[4] It is part of the historical quarter of Lisbon, and is encircled by the civil parishes of Santa Justa, Socorro, Anjos, São Jorge de Arroios, Coração de Jesus and São José.^[4]

The centre of the parish is the Jardim Braamcamp Freire (English: Braamcamp Freire Garden), dedicated to the republican historian and archeologist, who directly opposed the British administration of William Beresford.^[4] After this period of Portuguese history the park was known as the Campo dos Mártires da Pátria (dedicated to the martyrs of the fatherland), which was commonly referred to as the Campo de Santana until the 18th century.^[4]

References