Pemmasani Nayaks

Pemmasani dynasty
13th century–1652
Capital Gandikota
Languages Telugu
Religion Hinduism
Government Monarchy
Historical era Medieval India
 •  Established 13th century
 •  Disestablished 1652
Preceded by 		Succeeded by
Kakatiya dynasty
Musunuri Nayaks
Qutb Shahi dynasty
Mughal Empire

Pemmasani Kamma Clan ruled in the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. They came into prominence during Vijayanagar times as rulers of Gandikota.[1][2]

They ruled over 300 years, the highest by any other Telugu dynasty.[3]

Origin

The Pemmasani Nayaks ruled Yadaki, Gutti and Gandikota. The hard earned independence of Telugu land came to an end in fifty years with the martyrdom of Musunuri Kaapaaneedu in 1370 A.D at the hands of Velamas who colluded with Bahmani sultan (Musunuri Nayaks).[4] A large number of remaining Nayaks who served under Kaapaaneedu migrated to Vijayanagar and sworneallegiance to Bukka Raya, a close associate of Kapaneedu in protecting the Hindu dharma in Dakshnapatha (Deccan). Among them, Pemmasani clan which earned laurels for their bravery and defense of Vijayanagar Empire in the coming four centuries was the most illustrious. Generations of Pemmasani clan were commanders for various dynasties of the Vijayanagar Empire.[5]

Extent of Rule

Pemmasani Kings empire extended from Tamil Nadu to Orissa [6]. They ruled from Gandikota as capital. Ravella Nayaks, Sayapaneni Nayaks, Dasari Nayaks and Koneru Nayaks worked as feudatory kings of Pemmasani kings. Pemmasani kings ruled as Independent rulers of Gandikota. Pemmasani kings even ascended the throne of great Vijayanagar Empire at times when there was power shift between dynasties especially between Tuluva and Araveedu dynasties. Pemmasani kings played a major role in protecting the Vijayanagar empire.

List of Rulers

Rule

The first ruler of Pemmasani clan was Pemmasani Kumara Thimma Naidu who fought many a battle and won the trust of Bukka Raya.

Veerathimma had a son by name Chennappa Naidu who had two sons Ramalinga Naidu and Pedathimma Naidu. Ramalinga ruled Gandikota (1509-1530 CE) during the time of Krishna Deva Raya. Ramalinga had 80,000 soldiers under him and he played a major role in the victory of Krishna Deva Raya over the combined armies of Kalubarige, Golkonda and Ahmednagar.[7] His exploits in the battle were extolled by many Telugu poets. He was most feared by the Muslim Generals of Bijapur, Ahmednagar and Golconda.[8]

Thimma Naidu II participated in the expeditions of Krishna Deva Raya and captured Udayagiri, Addanki, Kondapalli, Rajahmundry and Katakam (Cuttack). He also played a crucial role in the conquest of Ummattur.[9]

After the death of Krishna Deva Raya in 1529, his son-in-law Rama Raya took control of the kingdom. The Bahamani sultan colluded with Salakam Timmaraja and raided Vijayanagar. Ramaraya took refuge in Gandikota. Bangaru Thimma Naidu vanquished Bahamanis in a fierce battle at Komali, killed Salakam Timmaraja and restored the throne to Ramaraya.[10]

References

  1. ↑ Rayavachakam by Viswanatharaya Sthanapati (Telugu)
  2. ↑ Vijayanagara, Burton Stein, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p.88, ISBN 0-521-26693-9
  3. ↑ Reporter, Staff. "Stone from Gandikota fort to be used". The Hindu. Retrieved 2016-12-21.
  4. ↑ A Forgotten Chapter of Andhra History, M. Somasekhara Sarma, 1945, Andhra University, Waltair
  5. ↑ Vijayanagara, Burton Stein, Cambridge University Press, 1989, p.92, ISBN 0-521-26693-9
  6. ↑ "Aristocracy of South India by Vadivelu
  7. ↑ Krishnadeva Raya, M. Rama Rao, 1971, National Book Trust, New Delhi, p. 17
  8. ↑ Tidings of the king: a translation and ethnohistorical analysis of the Rayavachakamu by Phillip B. Wagoner. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu. 1993, Page 138-139, ISBN 0-8248-1495-9, http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=62773998
  9. ↑ Krishnaraja Vijayamu by Kumara Dhurjati (Telugu)
  10. ↑ Further Sources of Vijayanagar History by K. A. Nilakanta Sastry, 1946, https://archive.org/details/FurtherSourcesOfVijayanagaraHistory
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