Peleg Wadsworth

Peleg Wadsworth
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 15th district
In office March 4, 1803 – March 3, 1807
Preceded by	District created
Succeeded by	Daniel Ilsley
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 13th district
In office March 4, 1795 – March 3, 1803
Preceded by	District created
Succeeded by	Ebenezer Seaver
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts's 4th district
In office March 4, 1793 – March 3, 1795 Serving with Henry Dearborn and George Thatcher (General ticket)
Preceded by	Theodore Sedgwick
Succeeded by	Dwight Foster
Personal details
Born	(1748-05-06)May 6, 1748 Duxbury, Massachusetts
Died	November 12, 1829(1829-11-12) (aged 81) Hiram, Maine
Political party	Federalist
Relations	Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (grandson)
Alma mater	Harvard College
Occupation	Merchant
Military service
Allegiance	United States
Service/branch	Continental Army
Rank	Brigadier general
Battles/wars	American Revolutionary War Battle of Long Island Penobscot Expedition

Peleg Wadsworth (May 6, 1748 – November 12, 1829) was an American officer during the American Revolutionary War and a Congressman from Massachusetts representing the District of Maine. He was also grandfather of noted American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.^[1]

Wadsworth was born in Duxbury, Massachusetts, to Peleg and Susanna (Sampson) Wadsworth. He graduated from Harvard College with an A.B. (1769) and an A.M. (1772), and taught school for several years in Plymouth, Massachusetts, with his former classmate Alexander Scammel. There he met Elizabeth Bartlett (1753 to 1825), whom he married in 1772.

American Revolutionary War

The Wadsworths lived in Kingston, Massachusetts, until 1775, when Wadsworth recruited a company of minutemen, of which he was chosen captain. His company mustered in response to the alarms generated by the Battle of Lexington and Concord on April 19, 1775. The Plymouth County battalion, commanded by Col. Theophilus Cotton marched to Marshfield, Massachusetts to attack a garrison of British troops there. The attack was delayed for two days, allowing the British time to escape Marshfield by sea. During that time, Capt. Wadsworth, frustrated with the delay, advanced his company to within firing range of the British encampment, nearly instigating combat.^[2]

Wadsworth served as aide to Gen. Artemas Ward in March 1776, and as an engineer under Gen. John Thomas in 1776, assisting in laying out the defenses of Roxbury, Massachusetts. He was present at the Battle of Long Island on August 1, 1776. He was made brigadier general of militia in 1777 and Adjutant General of Massachusetts in 1778.

Wadsworth's finest military engagement was in one of the worst American military defeats of the war. In the summer of 1779 he served as second in command to General Solomon Lovell over the land forces sent to make a combined arms attack on the British fort at Castine, in the so-called Penobscot Expedition. Commodore Dudley Saltonstall was in command of the naval forces. Lt. Colonel Paul Revere also served in this expedition as commander of artillery. While General Lovell remained aboard the Commodore's vessel, Wadsworth and Revere landed with the infantry and artillery and laid siege to the fort for about two weeks. Due to the reluctance of the Commodore to launch a naval attack in support of the ground forces, the British garrison held out until ships of the Royal Navy arrived from New York City and drove the American Navy up the Penobscot River where all 43 American warships were sunk or were scuttled and burned, comprising most of the American fleet, making it the worst American naval disaster prior to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. Wadsworth, still with the forces on shore, organized and led a successful overland retreat through the Maine frontier. Colonel Revere and Commodore Saltonstall were court-martialed for their roles in the debacle (Revere was acquitted, Saltonstall was "dismissed the service").

In March 1780, Peleg was given command of all the troops raised for the defense of the Province of Maine. On February 17, 1781, British soldiers overran his headquarters in Thomaston. Wadsworth was captured and imprisoned in Fort George at Bagaduce (Castine) (the same fort he had led the attack against in the summer of 1779), but he and fellow prisoner Maj. Benjamin Burton eventually escaped by cutting a hole in the ceiling of their jail and crawling out along the joists. Wadsworth then returned to his family in Plymouth, where he remained until the war's end.

After war years

In April 1784 Wadsworth returned to Maine, purchased 1.5 acres (6,000 m²) of land on Back Street (now Congress Street in Portland), engaged in surveying, and opened a store in early 1785. There he also built a house, now the historic Wadsworth-Longfellow House. He headed the committee that organized the first convention to discuss independence for Maine from Massachusetts, held in January 1786. He and his wife had eleven children; Alexander Scammell (09May1774 - 28Aug1775), Charles Lee (26Jan1776 - 29Sep1848), Zilpah (06Jan1778 - 12Mar1851), Elizabeth (21Sep1779 - 01Aug1802), John (01Sep1781 - 22Jan1860), Lucia (12Jun1783 - 17Oct1864), Henry (21Jun1785 - 04Sep1804), George (06Jan1788 - 08Apr1816), Alexander Scammell (07May1790 - 05Apr1851), Samuel Bartlett (01Sep1791 - 02Oct1874) and Peleg (10Oct1793 - 17Jan1875). Zilpah, became the mother of the poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. Although he continued to live in Portland, in 1790 he purchased 7800 acres (30 km²) from the Commonwealth in what became the town of Hiram, Maine, settled his son Charles there in 1795, and also in 1795 began building Wadsworth Hall for his retirement.

In 1792 Wadsworth was chosen a presidential elector and a member of the Massachusetts Senate, and from 1793-1807 was the first representative in Congress from the region of Massachusetts that later became Maine. In January 1807 he moved to Hiram where he incorporated the township (February 27, 1807) and served as selectman, treasurer and magistrate. For the remainder of his life he devoted himself to farming and local concerns. He died in Hiram on November 12, 1829, and is buried in the family cemetery at Wadsworth Hall.

Legacy

Wadsworth's Portland house was declared a National Historic Landmark for its association with him and with his grandson. Wadsworth Hall, his home in Hiram, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

Owing to his aptitude and enthusiasm for almost any conceivable topic, those who display similar bouts of enthusiasm are said to be "peleging". This has given rise to the phrase, "Peleg Wadsworth likes this."

References

• United States Congress. "Peleg Wadsworth (id: W000014)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 
• The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans
• Herringshaw's Encyclopedia of American Biography of the Nineteenth Century
• Massachusetts Soldiers & Sailors in the War of the Revolution
• Rolde, Neil (1990). Maine: A Narrative History. Gardiner, Me: Harpswell Press. p. 129. ISBN 0-88448-069-0.