Peak Tram

Peak Tram
Overview
Locale Hong Kong
Transit type Funicular railway
Number of stations 6
Daily ridership About 17,000
Operation
Began operation 30 May 1888
Operator(s) The Peninsula Hotels
Technical
System length 1.365 kilometres (0.848 mi)
Track gauge 1,520 mm (4 ft 11 27⁄32 in) Russian gauge

The Peak Tram (Chinese: 山頂纜車; Cantonese Yale: Sāandéng Laahmchē) is a funicular railway in Hong Kong, which carries both tourists and residents to the upper levels of Hong Kong Island. Running from Garden Road Admiralty to Victoria Peak via the Mid-Levels, it provides the most direct route and offers good views over the harbour and skyscrapers of Hong Kong.

The Peak Tram is owned and operated by Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels (HSH), the owner of Hong Kong's famous Peninsula Hotel along with many other properties. The line, along with HSH's Peak Tower leisure complex at the line's summit, is promoted using the brand The Peak.[1][2]

Route

Peak Tram
Garden Road
Cotton Tree Drive
Kennedy Road
Kennedy Road
Disused tram depot
MacDonnell Road
MacDonnell Road
Magazine Gap Road
May Road
May Road
Passing loop
Barker Road
Barker Road
The Peak

The Peak Tram's route from Central district to Victoria Peak covers a distance of about 1.4 kilometres (0.87 mi) and an elevation of just under 400 metres (1,312 ft). The line has two pronounced curves, one to the left immediately after leaving the lower terminus, and the other to the right in the upper half of the ascent. The gradient also varies considerably throughout the ascent. It is a single track route and a passing loop, with two trams.

Uphill tram route 1897

The lower terminus station, Garden Road, is located on Garden Road near St. John's Cathedral. The original station was incorporated into St. John's Building, an office tower, with the tram terminus at the ground level. The station comprises a single track, with platforms on both sides. One platform is used for boarding, the other for exiting the tram.

The upper terminus, The Peak is located below the Peak Tower shopping and leisure complex at Victoria Gap, some 150 metres below the summit of Victoria Peak. The station has the same arrangement of boarding and alighting platforms as the lower terminus. The haulage and control equipment for the funicular is located in a basement below the station.

There are also four intermediate stations, each of which is a request stop consists of a single stepped platform and a shelter:

History

Peak Tram Garden Road Terminus, circa 1890
The Peak Tram, Garden Road Terminus, circa 1920
Peak Tram Car from 1956, now plinthed near the upper terminus, and still carrying a headboard celebrating the line's centenary in 1988

In 1881 Alexander Findlay Smith first put the project of a Peak Railway into shape and presented a petition for a concession to the governor of Hong Kong. The necessary legislation was passed two years later.

Findlay Smith did not approach the project rashly. Travelling extensively in Europe and America, he made himself conversant with nearly every existing method of railway employed for mountain ascent — San Francisco, Scarborough, Rigi, Monterey, Lucerne, the Rhine, Mount Vesuvius — and returned to Hong Kong thoroughly convinced of the feasibility of his idea. The actual construction was begun in September 1885 and in May 1888 the line was officially opened.[3]

Smith's business partner, N. J. Ede, owned and lived in the house next to the Upper Terminus, originally named Dunheved, which they converted into the original Peak Hotel.

It took three years to build the Peak Tram. Most of the heavy equipment and rails needed for the construction were hauled uphill by the workers with no mechanical support.[4] As a revolutionary new form of transport for Asia at the time, the tramway was considered a marvel of engineering upon its completion.[4] A wooden structure was built for the terminal.[4] According to photographs, the Garden Road terminus was originally an unadorned building, a large clock face was added to the edifice probably between the 1910s and 1920s.

The Peak Tram was opened for public service on 28 May 1888 by the then governor Sir George William des Voeux.[4] As built, the line used a static steam engine to power the haulage cable. It was at first used only for residents of Victoria Peak. Despite that, it carried 800 passengers on its first day of operation, and about 150,000 in its first year,[4] transported in the line's original wooden-bodied cars.[5] The tram's existence accelerated the residential development of Victoria Peak and the Mid Levels.

From its opening in 1888 until 1926, the Peak Tram divided into three classes:

Round trip charges were HKD 45 cents (First Class), 30 cents (Second Class) and 15 cents (Third Class).

From 1908 to 1949, the first two seats in the front of the tram were reserved for the governor of Hong Kong, to which was attached a bronze plaque reading: "This seat is reserved for His Excellency the Governor". The seats were not available to ordinary passengers until two minutes before departure.

In the course of its history, the tram has been victim of two natural disasters, caused by floods from heavy rainfall, which washed away steep sections of the track between Bowen Road and Kennedy Road. The first was in 1899, and the second occurred on 12 June 1966.[4]

In 1926, the steam engine was replaced by an electric motor. On 11 December 1941, during the Battle of Hong Kong, the engine room was damaged in an attack. Services were not resumed until 25 December 1945, after the end of the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong.[5]

In 1956, the Peak Tram was equipped with a new generation of lightweight metal-bodied cars, each of which seated 62 passengers. Unusually for a funicular line, three such cars were provided, only two of which were in use at any one time. The third spare car was kept in a car shed near Kennedy Road station.[5]

The system was comprehensively rebuilt in 1989 by the Swiss company, Von Roll, with new track, a computerized control system, and two new two-car trams with a capacity of 120 passengers per tram. By the time of the handover in 1997, the system carried some 2 million passengers annually.[4] Today, more than 4 million people ride the Peak Tram annually, or an average of over 11,000 every day.[5]

Statistics

Current Peak Tram car approaching the upper terminus

The Peak Tram is a funicular railway, with the following technical parameters:[6]

Only a 1956 fourth generation all aluminum car survives and is displayed at the upper terminal. All original cars as well as second and third generation cars no longer exist. A replica of the first car is displayed in the Peak Tram Historical Gallery.

No. 1 Lugard Road

Start of Lugard Road, next to the Peak Tower and The Peak Lookout: the white building is No. 1 Lugard Road.

The building at No. 1 Lugard Road, located next to the Peak Tower and The Peak Lookout, was built about 1927 by The Peak Tramways Co. Ltd. as a workshop, with an additional floor added in 1953 to provide a flat for the General Manager of Company. The building is still owned and used by the Peak Tramways Company.[8] It is a Grade III historic building since 2010.[9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels - Peak Tramways". The Hongkong and Shanghai Hotels, Limited. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
  2. ↑ "The Peak". The Peak. Archived from the original on 6 March 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
  3. ↑ 1930s Booklet "The Shortcut to Beauty, Hong Kong's Peak Tram" circa 1930
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cavaliero, Eric (1997-07-24). "Grand old lady to turn 110". The Standard. Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 2008-08-01. Retrieved 2017-04-05.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Peak Tram History". The Peak Hong Kong. Archived from the original on 20 February 2007. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
  6. ↑ "Peak Tramway". Funiculars.net. Retrieved 13 March 2007.
  7. ↑ Gangloff AG
  8. ↑ Brief Information on Proposed Grade 3 Items, Item #886.
  9. ↑ List of the Historic Buildings in Building Assessment (as of 21 September 2012) Archived September 22, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.

Coordinates: 22°16′19.36″N 114°9′17.52″E / 22.2720444°N 114.1548667°E / 22.2720444; 114.1548667

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.