Paulo Costa Lima
Brazilian composer and music theorist, whose main interest has been the vivid interaction between composition and culture, including the political aspects of it, namely, composition as a way of resisting cultural colonization. He has published books and articles on subjects such as the theory and pedagogy of musical composition, analysis and history of Brazilian contemporary music, analysis of Brazilian popular songs, and the possible dialogue between music, psychoanalysis and cultural semantics. A member of the Brazilian Academy of Music (created by Heitor Villa-Lobos in 1945), he has received along the last decades more than twenty prizes and commissions. He belongs to the second generation of the movement initiated by the ‘Group of Composers of Bahia’ that was formed in 1966, launching a one-line manifesto “In principle, we are against all and every asserted principle”. The manifesto also implies that all suggestions are valid and acceptable, and this inclusivity reflects the cultural diversity and relativity of Bahia - a society created by the encounter and conflict of three civilizations (Europe, Africa and Native American). Since 1992 his compositional interests addressed the rhythmic tradition of Afro-Bahian candomblé, creating universes of hybridization and contradiction, non-sequitur and humor, involving Afro-Bahian and Avant-Garde contexts and ideas. He has mentored a new generation of Brazilian composers such as Guilherme Bertissolo, Paulo Rios Filho, Alex Pochat, Tulio Augusto, Vinicius Amaro and Danniel Ferraz.
In fact, his works have received more than 400 performances in more than 20 countries in important concert halls such as Konzerthaus Berlin, Carnegie Hall, Lincoln Center, De Rode Pomp, Sala Cecilia Meireles, Teatro Castro Alves and Sala São Paulo. In 2001 The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians included an article dedicated to his work, written by Gerard Béhague. After studying composition with Lindembergue Cardoso and Ernst Widmer in Brazil, and Ben Johnston and Herbert Brün at the University of Illinois, USA, in the 70's, he became a professor at the Universidade Federal da Bahia, and held several positions such as Director of the Music School (1988–1992) and Assistant Provost (1996–2002). Two doctoral degrees: one devoted to the pedagogy of music composition, the other to the analysis of octatonic strategies in the output of Ernst Widmer. Most important prizes and commissions: Vitae Foundation (1995), American Composers Orchestra (1996), Secretary of Culture-Bahia (2009) and Ministry of Culture (Brazil) - Funarte (2012, 2014 and 2016). Some recent important events: premiere with Orquestra Sinfônica de São Paulo (Cabinda: We are black op. 104, 16.04.2015), premiere with Neojibá Orchestra (Seven arrows op. 102, 10.10.2015), Teatro Municipal (Rio de Janeiro), and the III FMCB (16 to 19.03.16), a Festival held at the University of Campinas, dedicated to his life and work.
In recent years he has proposed the notion of compositionality – the attributes of that which is composed – involving at least five dimensions: i) the ‘invention of worlds’ (i.e. universes of meaning); ii) the ‘commitment to critique’, in the sense that composition requires the construction of interpretation; iii) ‘reciprocity’ or playing with identities - the fact that the designer creates the design as much as the design creates the designer, see Laske (1991); iv) the continuous interaction between theory and practice, there is no such a thing as compositional practice, or theory-free composition; v) and a ‘field of choices’, the place in which all these perspectives manifest themselves as potential freedom.
From 2005 to 2008 participated of the political life of the city of Salvador (the third largest Brazilian city, with 3 million inhabitants) as President of the Fundação Gregório de Mattos (2003–2008), the cultural office of the city. His administration designed new formats for popular participation such as the Program Mestres Populares da Cultura, which led to the identification and recognition of elderly people with wide knowledge of ethnic-popular traditions, being considered an important contribution to cultural policies and management in Bahia. In 2009 he was appointed for the Academia de Letras da Bahia (founded in 1917), and in 2011 became a founding member of the Academia de Ciências da Bahia. For him, teaching, writing (texts and music) and management activities are unified by the compositional challenges they involve, closely connected to the political needs of our times. Two examples: in 2005 he organized a cultural manifestation involving 456 capoeira performers, walking and dancing on the streets of Salvador, in order to celebrate the anniversary of the city, but also the adoption of specific cultural policies, by the Ministry of Culture, for this important Bahian and Brazilian cultural activity; in 2001 he was the general Coordinator of a huge program of cultural activities in Salvador, as part of the SBPC Congress (Brazilian Society for the Progress of Science) Sociedade Brasileira para o Progresso da Ciência, reinforcing the ideal of proximity between arts and sciences. In 2015, the National Foundation for the Arts (FUNARTE-Ministry of Culture) consulted around 120 Brazilian composers and conductors in order to prepare a list of 30 commissions for the XXIth Biennial of Brazilian Contemporary Music. He obtained the highest number of indications, being classified as the first prize, a clear demonstration of his national prestige and reputation.
References
- Marin Alsop conducts premiere of Cabinda: we are black
- São Paulo Symphony Orchestra, Premieres 2015 (estreias 2015), free download of Cabinda op. 104
- Paulo Costa Lima apresenta 'Sete Flechas'
- III FMCB
- Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians (2001)
- Composition in Bahia: Ernst Widmer and his octatonic strategies
- Mariz, Vasco. História da Música no Brasil. Rio de Janeiro, Nova Fronteira, 2000, p.472.
- Latin American Music Review, vol. 22, number 2, Fall/Winter 2001, Univ. of Texas Press
- Sonus: A Journal of Investigations into Global Musical Possibilities, vol. 21, n.2, Spring 2001.
- Béhague, Gerard. Recent Studies of Brazilian Music: Review-Essay Latin American Music Review. Volume 23, Number 2, Fall/Winter 2002, pp.235–251.
- SBPC Cultural, 2001, Salvador
- Mestres Populares da Cultura,
- ABC da Fundação Gregório de Mattos (2008)
- FGM - Mestres Populares da Cultura,
- Academia Brasileira de Música,
- Academia de Letras da Bahia,
- Academia de Ciências da Bahia,
- Paulo Rios Filho
Books
- Seminários de Carnaval I. Salvador: EDUFBA, 1988. v. '. 209 p. (Org.)
- Seminários de Carnaval II. Salvador: EDUFBA, 1998. v. 1. 248 p. (Org.)
- Quem Faz Salvador? Salvador: UFBA; Pró-Reitoria de Extensão, 2002. v. 1. 348 p. (Org.)
- Ernst Widmer e o ensino de composição musical na Bahia. Salvador: Copene-Fazcultura, 1999, 358 p., available at: or
- Invenção e Memória. Salvador: Edufba, 2005, 312 p. available at
- Musica Popular e Adjacências. Salvador: Edufba, 2010, available at
- Música Popular e outras Adjacências. Salvador: Edufba, 2012,
- Teoria e Prática do Compor I. Salvador: Edufba, 2012, available at:
- Teoria e Prática do Compor II. Salvador: Edufba, 2014, available at
Albums
- Outros Ritmos. Salvador, Prêmio Copene, 1996
- José Eduardo Martins 60 (Imikaiá e Ponteio-Estudo), 1998
- Impressionem (kreuzberg records), Matias de Oliveira Pinto (Corrente de Xangô), 1997
- Uma festa brasileira (paulus 1998), José Ananias e Edelton Gloeden (Apanhe o Jegue e Lembrando e Esquecendo Pixinguinha)
- XI Festival de Música Instrumental da Bahia (Ibejis), 2003
- Bossa nova series (live) Antonio Eduardo Santos (Eis Aqui), 2003
Articles
- "Invenção e Memória: Celebração da Diversidade". Salvador-FUNCEB, Revista da Bahia, v.32, p. 25 - 37, 2004.
- "Pesquisa em Educação Musical: a natureza da problematização (premissas)". Salvador, Revista da Faced, Universidade Federal da Bahia., p. 149 - 162, 2004.
- "Composition and Cultural Identity in Bahia", (SONUS-Boston). Sonus A Journal of Investigations Into Global Musical Possibilities., v.21, p. 61 - ISSN, 2001.
- Surface and Structure in the Music of Ernst Widmer: Octatonic Compositional Strategies (Abs). Music Theory Online., 2001.
- "Composition in Bahia, Brazil: Ernst Widmer and his Octatonic Strategies" (LAMR). Latin American Music Review, v.22, p. 157 - 182, 2001.
- "Brazilian Musical Libido". Journal for The Psychoanalisys of Culture and Society JCPS, v.1, p. 140 - 142, 1996.
- "Bananas ao vento".Salvador-FUNCEB, Revista da Bahia., p. 40 - 45, 1998.
- "Música e Psicanálise: Uma Possível Interface". Cadernos de Análise Musical, p. 58 - 73, 1996.
- "Música, um Paraíso Familiar e Inacessível". São Paulo, Instituto Saede Sapientiae, Percurso. Revista de Psicanálise., v.Ano 8, p. 55 - 64, 1995.
- "Análise de Transformações Temáticas na op.11/n.1 de Arnold Schönberg". São Paulo, Revista Música., v.4, p. 157 - 173, 1993.
Performances
- (1991) Summergarden Festival, New York City, Pega essa nêga e chêra! for piano; (Cf. Alex Ross, New York Times);
- (1996) Carnegie Hall, American Composers Orchestra, Atotô do l'homme armé (Paul Lustig Dunkel, conductor)
- (1997) Sala Rode Pompe, Gent-Belgium, Vassourinhas for piano solo, José Eduardo Martins (piano)
- (1997) Victoria Summer Music Festival, Canadá, Ibejis for flute and clarinet, Lucas Robatto e Pedro Robatto
- (1998) Brazilian-American Institute, Washington D.C., Oriki de Erinlê, Adélia Issa e Edelton Gloeden (soprano and piano);
- (1998) Universidade de Sapposo-Japan, Corrente de Xangô, Matias de Oliveira Pinto (cellist)
- (1998) University of Hiroshima-Japan, Corrente de Xangô, Matias de Oliveira Pinto (cellist)
- (2000) Sala São Paulo (2000), Orquestra Sinfônica do Estado de São Paulo, Serenata Kabila, John Neschling (conductor)
- (2000) School of Music, University of Washington, Pega essa nêga e chêra for flute and piano, Lucas Robatto (flute)
- (2000) Pallazzo Santacroce, Instituto Ítalo-Americano, Vés, Margherita Traversa (piano)
- (2001) Lincoln Center, Alice Tully Hall, Atotô de l’homme armé op. 39, New Juilliard Ensemble, Joel Sachs (conductor);
- (2001) New York Public Library, Donnel Auditorium, Vés, Zelia Chueke (piano)
- (2002) Princeton University Chapel, Princeton University, Duo Chorinho, Laura Ronai e Tom Moore (flutes)
- (2002) Viva Musica, Benaroya Hall, Atotô de l'homme armé op. 39, Seattle Symphonic Orchestra, Alastair Willis (Conductor);
- (2003) Université D'Évry, France, Amphi Audiovisuel, Zelia Chueke (piano)
- (2003) Festival Antasten, Hollbrich, Deutschland, Ponteio n.2, Silvia Belfiore (piano);
- (2005) Konzerthaus - Berlim, Modern Art Sextet
- (2005) Teatro Castro Alves, Orquestra Sinfônica da Bahia, Eine Kleine Atotô Musik
- (2006) Reitoria da UFBA-Salvador, Caipiroska, Duo Diorama (violin and piano)
- (2007) Leitheimer Schlosskonzerte, Donaueschingen (Germany), Corrente de Xangô for cello solo, with Matias de Oliveira Pinto
- (2008) Teatro Castro Alves - Salvador (Brasil), estréia da Serenata Ayó for Orchestra, with OSBA and Erick Vasconcellos
- (2009) Musée Cantini - Festival International des Musiques D'Aujourd'hui, Aboio op. 65 with Andrea Ernest (flute)
- (2010) Ziriguidum for percussion, USA-Tourné (20 universities of the East Coast), Grupo PIAP com John Boudler
- (2013) Sala Leopoldo Miguez - Rio de Janeiro, 'Bahia Concerto op. 98', Orquestra de Cordas-UFRJ com Cláudio Cruz, Aleyson Scopel (piano)
- (2014) Goethe Institut - Salvador, Zaziê Quartettsatz, with Mivos Quartet
- (2015) Sala São Paulo - São Paulo, Cabinda: we are black op. 104, OSESP with Marin Alsop.
- (2015) Teatro Municipal do Rio de Janeiro - Sete flechas op. 102, Orquestra Neojibá with Eduardo Torres and Aleyson Scopel (piano)
- (2016) Teatro Castro Mendes - Campinas (SP) - 'Abertura Ayó' e 'Cabinda: we are black', Orquestra de Campinas com Ricardo Bologna
- (2016) Sala da Tulha - USP Ribeirão Preto (SP) - 'Look at the sky' for clarinet and piano and 'ABoio II' for flute solo - Festival Música Nova
Works
- Chega de Caboclo for percussion group (2017)
- Tindolelê for piano (2016)
- Manteiga for tenor sax and piano (2016)
- Kekitem for brass quintet (2016)
- Tempuê for Orchestra (2016)
- Cavalo Marinho for cello solo (2016)
- Trans-Iakisôbá for flute, clarinet and piano (2016)
- Look at the sky for clarinet and piano (2016)
- Look at the sky for clarinet solo (2016)
- Rapadura e Côco for cello solo (2016)
- Aboio e Pós-Aboio for cello solo (2016)
- Trans-Iakisôbá (Ibejis n. 3) for flute and clarinet (2015)
- Cabinda:we are black for Orchestra (2015)
- Zaziê Quartettsatz for String Quartet (2014)
- Sete Flechas: um batuque concertante (2014-2015) for piano and Orchestra
- Manteiga for sax solo (2013)
- The real thing for would-be clarinet and piano (2013)
- A Bahia tá viva? for soprano and chamber group (2012)
- Bahia Concerto 2012 for piano and string Orchestra (2012)
- Yêlêlá Song for voice, clarinet and piano (2012)
- Januário para duo de percussão (2012)
- Aboio II for flute solo (2012)
- Ibejis n. 2 for flute and clarinet (2011)
- Calcinha Stück for 3 sopranos and percussion group (2010)
- Paisagem Baiana para 5 clarinets (2010)
- Só… for quintet de fl, cl, tp, vn, vc (2009)
- Yêlelá Twendê para 2 sop, bx elétrico, pc e Orquestra (2009)
- Divertimento Mineral para sexteto (fl, cl, tp, vn, vc, pn) (2007)
- Fantasia for strings (2007)
- Ziriguidum for percussion group (2007)
- Partita for violoncelo solo (2006)
- Concertino for clarinet and strings (2006)
- Serenata Ayó for Orchestra (2005)
- Brincando com a louça for sextet (fl, cl, vn, vla, vc, pn) (2004)
- Eis Aqui! for piano solo (2003)
- Arroubos para flauta solo, duo, trio e quarteto (2003)
- Aboio I for flute solo (2003)
- Ponteio n. 2 for piano solo (2002)
- Ciclo de Orikis op. 60: Xangô, Exu e Oxossi (sop, fl, pn, pc) (2001)
- 3 Ponteios em miniatura for flute and piano (2000)
- Oriki de Erinlê para soprano and guitar (texto recolhido por Verger) (1997)
- Lembrando e esquecendo Pixinguinha for flute and guitar (1997)
- Vassourinhas um frevo-estudo for piano solo (1996)
- Kabila para wind quartet (1996)
- Oriki para trumpet and piano (1995)
- Apanhe o Jegue for flute and guitar (1995)
- Ibeji for flute and clarinet (1995)
- Atotô do L’homme armé for chamber orchestra (1993)
- Kyrie de Nanã para choir (1993)
- Saruê de dois for two clarinets (1993)
- Ponteio for piano solo (1992)
- Corrente de Xangô for violoncelo solo (1992)
- Imikaiá for piano solo (1992)
- Pega essa nêga e chêra for piano solo (1991)
- Pega essa nêga e chêra for flute and piano (1991)
- Vés for piano solo (1990)
- Atotô balzare, Si, Si, como no! for 5 pc e piano (1985)
- Cuncti-Serenata for piano solo (1984)
- Ubabá, o que diria Bach! for chamber orchestra (1983)