Patrick Heron Watson

Sir Patrick Heron Watson
Patrick Heron Watson (second from right) with other Residents at the Old Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, including Joseph Lister and John Beddoe
Patrick Heron Watson's home at 16 Charlotte Square, Edinburgh (centre)
The grave of Patrick Heron Watson, Dean Cemetery, Edinburgh

Sir Patrick Heron Watson (5 January 1832 – 21 December 1907) was an eminent 19th century Scottish surgeon and pioneer of anaesthetic development and modern dentistry. He was first President of the Edinburgh Dental Hospital. He was a great advocate of women training in medicine and surgery and did much to advance that cause.

Life

He was born in Edinburgh on 5 January 1832, the third of four sons.

He was the son of Rev Charles Watson of Burntisland and Isabella Boog. His brothers were Rev Robert Boog Watson, Rev Charles Watson, and David Watson (a businessman).

He studied first at Edinburgh Academy and then studied medicine at Edinburgh University.

During this time both Joseph Lister and John Beddoe were fellow students and friends. He graduated in 1853 and was elected Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh. In July 1855 (whilst in the Crimea) he was elected a full Fellow.

Crimea

In December 1854 he travelled south to Chatham Dockyard to enlist as an Assistant Surgeon in the Royal Artillery, specifically hoping to gain experience in military surgery, a standard requirement for Professorship. The Crimean War had just begun and intended to serve his country there. He left Chatham on 15 January 1855 with eight other surgeons, travelling to Crimea via Marseilles and Valletta, their ship arriving at Constantinople on 26 January. His hospital was one of the three main hospitals serving the British troops: Scutari, just two miles from Constantinople and famed for its connection to Florence Nightingale. This he found nightmarish, and was pleased to be reposted to the hill hospital at Koolalee. This however, had a far higher mortality rate, running at around 25%. On 11 April he reported his first bout of typhus, and moved to a hotel in Therapia to convalesce, returning to Koolalee in early May 1855.[1] He determined to move to a field hospital, closer to the war itself in Crimea, and in June travelled to Balaklava, and from there to a field hospital called Castle Hospital where he began work on 25 June. Here seventy patients were treated, under an Irish doctor named Jephson. He enjoyed six weeks here before being posted to a forward field hospital attached to the Royal artillery near Karane. In August 1855 he had a severe attack of dysentery and on 13 August he was placed on a ship, Imperador, to carry him back to the hospital at Scutari.

As a strange coincidence, here he was able to share a room with his brother Robert who had also caught dysentery whilst serving as chaplain with the Highland Brigade.Florence Nightingale wrote him a letter of apology as she was unable to her own illness at the time. He spent 4 weeks being treated but made little progress. He was placed on the ship the Earl of Shaftesbury to be returned home. He stayed a month in Valletta in Malta en route. Then took the steamship Transit back to Portsmouth in England. On 19 October he reached London.

He thought he would be returned to the Crimea once well, but never returned.

Later life

Watson completed his military service at Woolwich and Aldershot, continuing in his role of Surgeon to the Royal Artillery.

He recovered and returned to Edinburgh to teach surgery at the University, that Department then being based at High School Yards. Although he had hoped to become Professor of Military Surgery that role was abandoned in 1856.[2] He also lectured at the Royal College of Surgeons as assistant to Prof James Miller and on Miller’s death took on his role.

In 1860, over and above his academic role, he took on the role of Assistant Surgeon at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. In 1863 he was promoted to full Surgeon, a role he then held for 15 years. During this time, he was one of Arthur Conan Doyle's teachers along with Joseph Bell, who ultimately became the inspirations for Dr. John Watson and Sherlock Holmes respectively.[3]

From 1865 to 1904 he was also a surgeon at Chalmers Hospital in Edinburgh (just west of the Royal Infirmary).

In the admission period of autumn 1870 he was one of the first to permit women to attend his extra mural classes in surgery. He stood alone in this role for sixteen years until his pupil, Sophia Jex-Blake, opened a college specifically for women.

In 1877 he stood for the chair of Clinical Surgery in Edinburgh University, but was beaten (alleged due to his opposition to specialization) by Thomas Annandale. Nevertheless, he holds an important part in the history of surgery, making large advances both in amputations and in abdominal operations. However, as with many contemporaries he was not a pupil of his former student companion, Joseph Lister’s use of antiseptic, and as a result, many simple procedures ended in failure.

In 1879 he helped to found the Edinburgh Dental Hospital, also being one of its Directors. Here too he encouraged female students to join, with Lillian Lindsay becoming the first woman to graduate in Dentistry in the UK (1895).[4] He also had long-running disputes with other Edinburgh medical figures, such as Henry Littlejohn.

He was President of the Royal College of Surgeons in both 1878 and 1905.

He was Honorary Surgeon in Scotland, both to Queen Victoria and King Edward VII.

After a six-month illness, he died at home, 16 Charlotte Square, on 21 December 1907 and was buried in Dean Cemetery on the west side of Edinburgh.[5]

His privately collected pathological museum was passed to the Royal College of Surgeons and now forms a core of their collection.

Family

In 1861 he married Elizabeth Gordon Miller, eldest daughter of his mentor, Prof James Miller (1812-1864).

They had two sons: Charles Heron Watson FRCS (1871-1959) and James Miller Watson (1879-1958). They also had two daughters, one of whom, Penelope Gordon Watson, married the surgeon James Haig Ferguson FRSE.[6]

Awards and Recognition

In 1894 he was painted by Sir George Reid. This painting is held by the Royal College of Surgeons on Nicolson Street.[7]

Papers of Note

see[8][9]

References

  1. ↑ Watson, WB (1966). "An Edinburgh surgeon of the Crimean war--Patrick Heron Watson (1832-1907)". Med Hist. 10: 166–76. PMC 1033587 Freely accessible. PMID 5325874. doi:10.1017/s0025727300010954.
  2. ↑ Watson, WB (1966). "An Edinburgh surgeon of the Crimean war--Patrick Heron Watson (1832-1907)". Med Hist. 10: 166–76. PMC 1033587 Freely accessible. PMID 5325874. doi:10.1017/s0025727300010954.
  3. ↑ "On this day in 1859: The birth of Sherlock Holmes creator Arthur Conan Doyle". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2017-05-25.
  4. ↑ http://historyofdentistry.co.uk/index_htm_files/2004Apr2.pdf
  5. ↑ British Medical Journal: Obituaries 4 January 1908
  6. ↑ BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF FORMER FELLOWS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF EDINBURGH 1783 – 2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN 0 902 198 84 X.
  7. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/sir-patrick-heron-watson-18321907-frcsed-1855-prcsed-1877187296
  8. ↑ British Medical Journal: Obituaries 4 January 1908
  9. ↑ https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Watson,_Patrick_Heron_(DNB12)
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