List of heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church

Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch
Bishopric
orthodox
Incumbent:
Irinej
since 23 January 2010
Style His Holiness
First incumbent Sava (Archbishop)
Joanikije II (Patriarch)
Formation 1219 (Archbishopric)
1346 (Patriarchy)
Website spc.rs

This is a list of the heads of the Serbian Orthodox Church, since the establishment of the church as an autocephalous Archbishopric in 1219 to today's Patriarchate. The list includes all the Archbishops and Patriarchs that led the Serbian Orthodox Church under the Serbian Archbishopric and Serbian Patriarchate of Peć. Today, the church is unified under a Patriarch who is officially styled as Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch. Patriarch Irinej acceded to this position on 23 January 2010.

The autocephalous Serbian Archbishopric was founded in 1219 by Sava, under the authority of the Patriarch of Constantinople. In 1346, when Stefan Dušan proclaimed himself Emperor, he also elevated the Archiepiscopal see of Peć to the rank of a patriarchate, creating the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć. This was only recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople in 1375.

After the Ottoman conquest of the Serbian Despotate in 1459, the Patriarchate gradually lost its importance. At times the church was forced by the Ottoman government to install Greeks in the office. From 1766 to 1920 the patriarchate was abolished and all ecclesiastical jurisdiction was given to the Patriarch of Constantinople. A metropolitan see was maintained in Belgrade from 1766 afterwards. There were also independent Serbian Orthodox sees based in Karlovci and in Montenegro.

In 1920, the church was reunified and the Patriarchy was reestablished with the see moving to Belgrade, but retaining the lineage of the throne of Saint Sava in Peć. The Patriarch holds ecclesiastical authority over the Orthodox Church in the territory of the former Yugoslavia, and also over the Serbian Orthodox diaspora in Western Europe, Australia, North America, and South America.

Styles

Currently, the style of the head of the Serbian Orthodox Church is "Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch" (архиепископ пећки, митрополит београдско-карловачки и патријарх српски). The short title is "Serbian Patriarch" (патријарх српски). Historically, various styles have been used.

Archbishop Sava (s. 1219–33) was styled "Archbishop of Serb Lands" and "Archbishop of Serb Lands and the Littoral" in the Vranjina charter,[1] while Domentijan (fl. 1253) used the style "Archbishop of all the Serbian and coastal lands" when speaking of Sava.[2] The fresco of Sava at Mileševa calls him "the first Archbishop of All Serb and Diocletian Lands".[3] Archbishop Sava III (s. 1309–16) was styled "Archbishop of All Serb and Littoral Lands".[4]

Legend

     Venerated to sainthood      Also served as Metropolitan of Karlovci
     Also served as Metropolitan of Belgrade      Current Serbian Patriarch

Archbishops, 1219–1346

Serbian Archbishopric (1219–1346)
No. Primate Portrait Reign Notes
1 Sava
Сава
Sabbas		 1219–1233 First Archbishop of the autocephalous Serbian Church.
Seated at Žiča.
Styled "Archbishop of Serb Lands and the Littoral".
Born at Ras as Rastko Nemanjić / Растко Немањић.
2 Arsenije I
Арсеније I
Arsenius I		 1233–1263 Sava's disciple.
Moved the seat to Peć amid foreign invasion.[5]
Born in Syrmia.
3 Sava II
Сава II
Sabbas II		 1263–1271 Sava's nephew.
Born at Ras as Predislav Nemanjić / Предислав Немањић.
4 Danilo I
Данило I
Daniel I		 1271–1272 Replaced due to unknown reason.[6]
5 Joanikije I
Јоаникије I
Joannicius I		 1272–1276 Disciple of Sava II. Buried at Sopoćani.
Seat vacant 1276–1279
6 Jevstatije I
Јевстатије I
Eustathius I		 1279–4 January 1286 Moved the seat to Žiča in 1285.[5]
Relics buried at Patriarchate of Peć.
Born in Budimlje.
7 Jakov I
Јаков I
Jacob I		 1286–1292 Moved the seat to Peć in 1291 amid foreign invasion,[5] likely final transfer.[7]
8 Jevstatije II
Јевстатије II
Eustathius II		 1292–1309 Established seven new eparchies.
9 Sava III
Сава III
Sabbas III		 1309–1316 Styled "Archbishop of All Serb and Maritime Lands".
10 Nikodim I
Никодим I
Nicodemus I		 1316–1324 Co-founder of the Vratna monastery.
11 Danilo II
Данило II
Daniel II		 1324–1337 Hagiographer.
12 Joanikije II
Јоаникије II
Joannicius II		 3 January 1338–6 April 1346 Elevated to Patriarch.
Born in Prizren.

Patriarchs, 1346–1766

First Serbian Patriarchate of Peć (1346–1463)
No. Primate Portrait Reign Notes
1 Joanikije II
Јоаникије II
Joannicius II		 6 April 1346–3 September 1354 First Patriarch of the Serbian Church.
Elevated during the coronation of Emperor Dušan.
Seated at Peć.
Styled "Archbishop of Peć and Patriarch of all Serb Lands and the Maritime".
Born in Prizren.
2 Sava IV
Сава IV
Sabbas IV		 1354–1375
3 Jefrem I
Јефрем I
Ephraem I		 3 October 1375–1380 First tenure.
4 Spiridon I
Спиридон I
Spyridon I		 1380–11 August 1389
(3) Jefrem I
Јефрем I
Ephraem I		 1389–1390 Second tenure.
5 Danilo III
Данило III
Daniel III		 1390–1396
6 Sava V
Сава V
Sabbas V		 1396–1406
7 Danilo IV
Данило IV
Daniel IV		 1406
8 Kirilo I
Кирило I
Cyril I		 1407–1419
9 Nikon I
Никон I
Nicon I		 1420–1435
10 Teofan I
Теофан I
Theophanes I		 1435–1446 For unknown reasons not listed as an official Patriarch
11 Nikodim II
Никодим II
Nicodemus II		 1446–1455
12 Arsenije II
Арсеније II
Arsenius II		 1457–1463
First Ottoman abolishment (1463–1557)[A]
See vacant due to Ottoman abolition and transfer of jurisdiction to Archbishopric of Ohrid
No. Primate Portrait Reign Notes
Jovan I
Јован I
John I		 1508 Mentioned as "Guardian of the Throne of Saint Sava".
Marko
Марко
Mark		 1524 Styled "Serbian Metropolitan".
Pavle (I)
Павле I
Paul I		 1526–1541 Styled "Metropolitan of Smederevo".
Attempted to restore Serbian Patriarchate on few occasions between 1526 and 1541, succeeding briefly.
Second Serbian Patriarchate of Peć (1557–1766)
No. Primate Portrait Reign Notes
13 Makarije I
Макарије I
Macarius I		 1557–1571 Seated at Peć.
Full style "Archbishop of Peć and Patriarch of Serbs and Bulgarians"
Basic style "Archbishop of Peć and Serbian Patriarch".
Born in Višegrad, surnamed Sokolović (Соколовић).
14 Antonije I
Антоније I
Anthony I		 1571–1575 Surnamed Sokolović (Соколовић).
15 Gerasim I
Герасим I
Gerasimus I		 1575–1586 Surnamed Sokolović (Соколовић).
16 Savatije I
Саватије I
Sabbatios I		 1586 Born in Prijepolje, surnamed Sokolović (Соколовић).
17 Nikanor I
Никанор I
Nicanor I		 ?
18 Jerotej I
Јеротеј I
Hieroteos I		 1589–1590
19 Filip I
Филип I
Philip I		 1591–1592
20 Jovan II
Јован II
John II		 1592–1613 Surnamed Kantul (Кантул).
21 Pajsije I
Пајсије I
Paisius I		 1614–1647 Born in Janjevo.
22 Gavrilo I
Гаврило I
Gabriel I		 1648–1655 Born in Štitkovo, surnamed Rajić (Рајић).
23 Maksim
Максим
Maxim		 1655–1674 Born in Skopje.
24 Arsenije III
Арсеније III
Arsenius III		 1674–1690 (1706) Leader of the First Serbian Migration into the Habsburg Monarchy. After 1690, reorganized and headed the branch of the Serbian Church in the Habsburg Monarchy.
Born in Cetinje, surnamed Čarnojević (Чарнојевић).
25 Kalinik I
Калиник I
Callinicus I		 1691–1710 Ethnic Greek.
Maintained the Serbian Patriarchate in turbulent times after the First Serbian Migration from the Ottoman Empire.
Born in Skopje.
26 Atanasije I
Атанасије I
Athanasius I		 1711–1712
27 Mojsije I
Мојсије I
Moses I		 1712–1725 Surnamed Rajović (Рајовић).
28 Arsenije IV
Арсеније IV
Arsenius IV		 1725–1737 Leader of the Second Serbian Migration into the Habsburg Monarchy.
Born in Peć, surnamed Jovanović Šakabenta (Јовановић Шакабента).
29 Joanikije III
Јоаникије III
Joannicius III		 1739–1746 Ethnic Greek.
Afterwards reigned as Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, from 1761 to 1763.
Surnamed Karadža (Караџа).
30 Atanasije II
Атанасије II
Athanasius II		 1746–1752 Born in Skopje, surnamed Gavrilović (Гавриловић).
31 Gavrilo II
Гаврило II
Gabriel II		 1752 Born in Sarajevo, surnamed Mihajlović (Михајловић).
32 Gavrilo III
Гаврило III
Gabriel III		 1752–1758 Bynamed Nikolin (Николин).
33 Vikentije I
Викентије I
Vicentius I		 1758 Surnamed Stefanović (Стефановић).
34 Pajsije II
Пајсије II
Paisius II		 1758 Ethnic Greek.
35 Gavrilo IV
Гаврило IV
Gabriel IV		 1758 Ethnic Greek.
36 Kirilo II
Кирило II
Cyril II		 1758–1763
37 Vasilije
Василије
Basil		 1763–1765 Surnamed Jovanović-Brkić (Јовановић-Бркић).
38 Kalinik II
Калиник II
Callinicus II		 1765–1766 Ethnic Greek.
Resigned as Patriarch, effectively abolishing the post and relegating it to the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
Second Ottoman abolishment (1766–1920)
After the Ottoman Empire abolished the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć for the second and final time in 1766, the Serbian Orthodox population within the Ottoman Empire was subject to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople until 1920. Due to the Great Turkish War between the Ottoman Empire and the Holy League, a large number of Serbs migrated to the Habsburg Monarchy in 1690. This caused the establishment of a metropolitanate in Karlovci in 1708. This see was elevated to a patriarchate in 1848, as a reward to Serbs who supported the Habsburgs during the 1848–49 revolutions. After the founding of the Principality of Serbia, the autonomous Metropolitanate of Belgrade was created in 1831, under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. It gained full autocephaly in 1879 and merged in 1920 with the Patriarchate of Karlovci and the Metropolitanate of Montenegro to form the unified Serbian Orthodox Church.

Patriarchs, 1920–present

Serbian Patriarchate of Belgrade (Peć) (1920–present)
No. Primate Portrait Reign Notes
39 Dimitrije
Димитрије
Dimitrius		 12 September 1920 6 April 1930 First Patriarch of the reunified Serbian Church.
Seated at Belgrade.
Styled "Archbishop of Peć, Metropolitan of Belgrade and Karlovci, and Serbian Patriarch"[B]
Born in Požarevac as Dimitrije Pavlović / Димитрије Павловић.
40 Varnava
Варнава
Barnabas		 12 May 1930 23 July 1937 Died under unclear circumstances (possible poisoning).
Born in Plevlja as Petar Rosić / Петар Росић.
41 Gavrilo V
Гaврилo V
Gabriel V		 21 February 1938 7 May 1950 Commonly known as Gavrilo.
Born in Vrujci as Gavrilo Dožić / Гaврилo Дoжић.
42 Vikentije II
Викентије II
Vicentius II		 1 July 1950 5 July 1958 Died under unclear circumstances (possible poisoning).
Commonly known as Vikentije.
Born in Bačko Petrovo Selo as Vitomir Prodanov / Витомир Проданов.
43 German
Герман
Herman		 14 September 1958 30 November 1990 Longest reigning Patriarch.
The only retired Patriarch during his life; died on 27 August 1991.
Born in Jošanička Banja as Hranislav Đorić / Хранислав Ђорић.
44 Pavle
Павле
Paul		 1 December 1990 15 November 2009 Born in Kućanci as Gojko Stojčević / Гојко Стојчевић.
45 Irinej
Иринеј
Irenaeus		 23 January 2010 Incumbent Born in Vidova as Miroslav Gavrilović / Мирослав Гавриловић.

See also

Annotations

References

  1. ↑ Miklošič 1858, pp. 18–19.
  2. ↑ Radovan Samardžić; Milan Duškov (1993). Serbs in European civilization. Nova. p. 27. ISBN 978-86-7583-015-3.
  3. ↑ Svetislav Mandić (1986). Velika gospoda sve srpske zemlje i drugi prosopografski prilozi. Srpska književna zadruga. p. 69.
  4. ↑ Miklošič 1858, pp. 76–77, 82–83.
  5. 1 2 3 Marjanović 2001, p. 73.
  6. ↑ Slijepčević 2002.
  7. ↑ Bogdanović 1972, p. 29.

Sources

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