Passiflora mixta
| Passiflora mixta | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Passifloraceae |
| Genus: | Passiflora |
| Species: | P. mixta |
| Binomial name | |
| Passiflora mixta L.f. | |
Passiflora mixta, from the family Passifloraceae is also known as curuba, curuba de indio, curuba de monte, curubita, palta (Colombia), parcha (Venezuela), and tacso (Ecuador). Originally, it derived from the monophyletic Adeans Passiflora subgenus Tacsonia. Passiflora includes 47 species, one of which is Passiflora mixta which can be found in Southern America. A perennial vine, the Passiflora mixta is pink to orange-red in color.[1]
Description
Passiflora mixta can be identified by large pink flowers, trilobate coricaeous leaves, that are tubular in shape that protrude from its branches. It has a hairy elongated bract and hypanthum that contain a narrow nector chamber. At 7–15 cm long (2.8–5.9 in), Passiflora mixta has a hypanthium (otherwise known as the flower tube) with a base that contains nectar. Also found in P. mixta, are ovaries, anthers and stigmas. These reproductive organs are located anterior to the hypanthium near the androgynophore. This species is capable of producing fruits and flowers that remain open for 3 to 5 days by producing half-pendant, horizontal, or erect flowers.
Status: Wild plant, collected, important genetica resource for banana passion fruit breeding. [2]
Morphology
- Stem- Sub 5-angular
- Leaf Pubescence- Not present on the upper surface; however, missing to seldom dense on the lower surface
- Stipules- Moderate to big in size, 6-20 mm in length, 12-30 mm wide (0.47–1.18 in), reniform, dentate or serrate, persistent
- Peduncle- robust, length varies. Produces half-pendent, horizontal, or erect flowers.
- Bracts- Joined 1/2 their length or beyond
- Corolla Color- Pale pink to intense red
- Corolla Shape- Corolla campanulate
- Floral Tube/Sepal Ratio- 1.6-2.6
- Nectary Chamber- Slightly broader than the floral tube
- Fruits- At maturity, the pericarp often appears green, occasionally turning yellow; arils scarce and grey to orange in color,
Germination
Passiflora mixta seeds take approximately 30-365 days to germinate and even under optimal conditions their growth may be erratic. The seeds should be planted 6 mm (0.24 in) deep in a peaty seed sowing mix at about 20–30 °C (68–86 °F). new water should be used every day and it is necessary to soak them under warm water. This process will cause some seeds to swell up; these seeds should be sown instantly. On occasion it is also important to soak the container in which the seeds are placed. [4]
Pollination
This species of Passiflora is pollinated by the Sword-billed hummingbird (Ensifera ensifera), which is the only living species in the genus Ensifera. This bird is found throughout the northern Andes and is identified by its extremely large beak that is longer than the size of its entire body. They are pollinators of the passionflower, which contains nectar at the bottom of the long corolla tube that belongs to the P. mixta. [5]
Distribution
- Ranges from Venezuela to Bolivia
- Naturalized in Africa and New Zealand
- Restricted to the highland between 1,700 and 3,700 m (5,600 and 12,100 ft) asl.
- Can withstand disturbances and is more prominent in dryer environment and lower altitudes compared to other species of subgenus Tacsonia
- Grows along the edges of forests and along the margins
References
- ↑ d'Eeckenbrugge, Geo Coppens. "Fruits from America". Project for Neotropical Fruits. CIRAD-FLHOR/IPGRI.
- ↑ LINDBERG, ANNIKA BUÈCHERT; JENS MOGENS OLESEN (2001). "The fragility of extreme specialization" (PDF). Journal of Tropical Ecology. 17: 323–329. doi:10.1017/s0266467401001213.
- ↑ d'Eeckenbrugge, Coppens. "Passiflora tarminiana".
- ↑ "B&T World Seeds". Retrieved 15 May 2011.
- ↑ "Why Evolution is True". Retrieved 16 May 2011.
- ↑ d'Eeckenbrugge, Geo Coppens. "Fruits from America". CIRAD-FLHOR/IPGRI Project for Neotropical Fruits.
- ↑ LINDBERG, ANNIKA BUÈCHERT; JENS MOGENS OLESEN (2001). "The fragility of extreme specialization" (PDF). Journal of Tropical Ecology. 17: 323–329. doi:10.1017/s0266467401001213.
- ↑ "Taxon: Passiflora mixta L. f.". Germplasm Resources Information Network - (GRIN).