Paratha

Paratha

Potato paratha (aloo paratha) from India
Alternative names Paratha, parauntha, palata, porota, forota, farata, parontay, prontha
Region or state Indian Subcontinent
Main ingredients Atta, maida, ghee/butter/cooking oil and various stuffings
Cookbook: Paratha  Media: Paratha

A paratha is a flatbread that originated in the Indian subcontinent. It is still prevalent throughout Pakistan, India and Burma, where wheat is grown and is the traditional staple of the area. Paratha is an amalgamation of the words parat and atta which literally means layers of cooked dough.[1] Alternative spellings and names include parantha, parauntha, prontha, parontay,(in Punjabi) porota (in Bengali), palata (pronounced [pəlàtà]; in Burma), forota (in Sylheti), and farata (in Mauritius, Sri Lanka and the Maldives).

History

The Hindi word paratha is derived from Sanskrit and Tamil(S. पर, or परा+स्थः, or स्थितः).[2] Recipes for various stuffed wheat parathas are mentioned in Manasollasa, a 12th-century Sanskrit encyclopedia compiled by Someshvara III, who ruled from present-day Karnataka.[3]

Plain parathas and stuffed parathas

Paratha, whole wheat, commercially prepared, Frozen
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
45.36 g
Sugars 4.15
Dietary fiber 9.6 g
13.20 g
6.36 g
Vitamins
Thiamine (B1)
(10%)

0.11 mg

Riboflavin (B2)
(6%)

0.076 mg

Niacin (B3)
(12%)

1.830 mg

Pantothenic acid (B5)
(0%)

0 mg

Vitamin B6
(6%)

0.08 mg

Folate (B9)
(0%)

0 μg

Vitamin E
(9%)

1.35 mg

Vitamin K
(3%)

3.4 μg

Minerals
Calcium
(3%)

25 mg

Iron
(12%)

1.61 mg

Magnesium
(10%)

37 mg

Phosphorus
(17%)

120 mg

Potassium
(3%)

139 mg

Sodium
(30%)

452 mg

Zinc
(9%)

0.82 mg

Other constituents
Water 33.5 g
Link to USDA Database entry
Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database

Parathas are one of the most popular unleavened flatbreads in the India part of the Indian Subcontinent and they are made by baking whole wheat dough on a tava, and finishing off with shallow frying.[4] Parathas are thicker and more substantial than chapatis/rotis and this is either because, in the case of a plain paratha, they have been layered by coating with ghee or oil and folding repeatedly (much like the method used for puff pastry or some types of Turkish börek) using a laminated dough technique; or else because food ingredients such as mixed vegetables have been mixed in with the dough, such as potato and/or cauliflower, green beans and carrots. A Rajasthani mung bean paratha uses both the layering technique together with mung dal mixed into the dough, while some so called stuffed parathas resemble a filled pie squashed flat and shallow fried using two discs of dough sealed round the edges; alternatively using a single disc of dough to encase a ball of filling and sealed with a series of pleats pinched into the dough round the top, gently flattened with the palm against the working surface before being rolled into a circle. Most stuffed parathas are not layered.

Parathas can be eaten as a breakfast dish or as a tea-time (tiffin) snack. The flour used is finely ground wholemeal (atta) and the dough is shallow fried.

Perhaps the most common stuffing for parathas is mashed, spiced potatoes (aloo ka parantha) followed perhaps by dal (lentils). 'Many other alternatives exist such as leaf vegetables, radishes, cauliflower, and/or paneer. A paratha (especially a stuffed one) can be eaten simply with a pat of butter spread on top or with chutney, pickles, ketchup, dahi or a raita or with meat or vegetable curries. Some roll the paratha into a tube and eat it with tea, often dipping the paratha.

To achieve the layered dough for plain parathas, a number of different traditional techniques exist. These include covering the thinly rolled out pastry with oil, folding back and forth like a paper fan and coiling the resulting strip into a round shape before rolling flat, baking on the tava and shallow frying. Another method is to cut a circle of dough from the centre to its circumference along its radius, oiling the dough and starting at the cut edge rolling so as to form a cone which is then squashed into a disc shape and rolled out. The method of oiling and repeatedly folding the dough as in western puff pastry also exists, and this is combined with folding patterns that give traditional geometrical shapes to the finished parathas. Plain parathas can be round, heptagonal, square, or triangular.

Serving

The paratha is an important part of a traditional South Asian breakfast. Traditionally, it is made using ghee but oil is also used. Some people may even bake it in the oven for health reasons. Usually the paratha is eaten with dollops of white butter on top of it. Side dishes which go very well with paratha are curd, fried egg, omelette, egg dosa (ground mutton cooked with vegetables and spices), nihari (a lamb dish), jeera aloo (potatoes lightly fried with cumin seeds), daal, and raita as part of a breakfast meal. It may be stuffed with potatoes, paneer, onions, qeema or chili peppers.

Types

Ready-made varieties

The process of layering the "skins" of dough in a paratha can make preparation a difficult process. This, mixed with the popularity of this flatbread, has opened the market to several ranges of frozen paratha, especially in Western markets where consumers seek authenticity, but lack the time or the skills required to make a paratha from scratch. Ready-to-cook paratha may also be purchased. These preparations offer one-step preparation and save time. Some of the ready-to-cook products in the market are just the stuffings for making the stuffed parathas.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Mughlai Cook Book - By Neera Verma
  2. ↑ Platts, John (1884). "A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English". A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English. W. H. Allen & Co. Retrieved 2017-03-19. parāṭhā [S. पर, or परा+स्थः, or स्थितः], s.m. A cake made with butter or ghī, and of several layers, like pie-crust.
  3. ↑ K.T. Achaya (2003). The Story of Our Food. Universities Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-81-7371-293-7.
  4. ↑ Climbing the Mango Trees - By Madhur Jaffrey
  5. ↑ Dhabas of Murthal and Haryana, The Tribune, 2004
  6. ↑ Food Safari: In search of Murthal Paratha The Hindu newspaper, 2-Feb-2013
  7. ↑ Highway Bits: Dhabas versus food chains, Times of India, 7-Sept-2015
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