Pandemis heparana

Pandemis heparana
Pandemis heparana
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Genus: Pandemis
Species: P. heparana
Binomial name
Pandemis heparana
(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775)[1]
Synonyms
  • Tortrix heparana [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775
  • Phalaena (Tortrix) cappana Villers, 1789
  • Phalaena (Tortrix) cappata Geoffroy, in Fourcroy, 1785
  • Tortrix carpiniana Hubner, [1796-1799]
  • Pyralis fasciana Fabricius, 1787
  • Tortrix heperana Gmelin, 1788
  • Tortrix padana Schrank, 1802
  • Tortrix pasquayana [Denis & Schiffermuller], 1775
  • Tortrix rubrana Sodoffsky, 1830
  • Pandemis heparana var. subclarana Caradja, 1931
  • vulpisana Herrich-Schaffer, 1847
  • Tortrix (Lozotaenia) vulpisana Herrich-Schaffer, 1851

Pandemis heparana, the dark fruit-tree tortrix or apple brown tortrix,[2] is a moth of the family Tortricidae.

Distribution

This species can be found in most of Europe, in the East the Palearctic ecozone, in the Near East [3] and in North America.

Description

Pandemis heparana has a wingspan of 16–24 mm.[4] In these moths the basic color of the forewings ranges from yellowish brown to reddish brown, with a reticulate pattern, a dark brown basal fascia, dark brown transversal bands, two triangular spots and brown fringes at the edge. The hindwings are gray-brown with white-yellow fringes. The larva can reach 22 mm and it is pale green.[5][6]

This species is rather similar to Pandemis cerasana.[4]

Biology

These moths have two generations per year (bivoltine).[5] The moth flies from late May to mid-September in western Europe. The larvae are considered a pest of trees and shrubs.[6] They live in a rolled leaf and are polyphagous, feeding on various deciduous trees and shrubs including oak, willow, birch, honeysuckle, sorbus, apple and pear.[4][6] Pupation takes places in the rolled leaves.[7][5]

References

  1. ↑ Tortricidae.com
  2. ↑ Apple brown tortrix (Pandemis heparana) at Plantwise Knowledge Bank
  3. ↑ Fauna europaea
  4. 1 2 3 UK Moths
  5. 1 2 3 HYPP Zoology
  6. 1 2 3 David V Alford Pests of Fruit Crops: A Colour Handbook
  7. ↑ Lepidoptera of Belgium


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