Pančevo

Pančevo
Панчево
City and Municipality
City of Pančevo

Flag
Coat of arms

Location of city of Pančevo within Serbia
Coordinates: 44°52′14″N 20°38′25″E / 44.87056°N 20.64028°E / 44.87056; 20.64028Coordinates: 44°52′14″N 20°38′25″E / 44.87056°N 20.64028°E / 44.87056; 20.64028
Country  Serbia
Province Vojvodina
District South Banat
Government
 • Mayor Saša Pavlov (SNS)
Area rank 29th
 • Administrative 755,57 km2 (29,173 sq mi)
Elevation 77 m (253 ft)
Population (2011)
 • Urban 76,203
 • Rank 9th
 • Density 512/km2 (1,330/sq mi)
 • Metro 123,414
Time zone CET (UTC+1)
 • Summer (DST) CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code 26000
Area code(s) +381(0)13
ISO 3166 code SRB
Car plates PA
Website www.pancevo.rs

Pančevo (Serbian Cyrillic: Панчево, pronounced [pâːnt͡ʃe̞v̞ɔ̝], Hungarian: Pancsova, Romanian: Panciova, Slovak: Pánčevo) is a city and the administrative center of the South Banat District in autonomous province of Vojvodina, Serbia.

Pančevo is the fourth largest city in Vojvodina by population. According to results of the 2011 census, a total of 76,203 inhabitants live in the urban area, while the city administrative area of Pančevo has 123,414 inhabitants.

Name

In Serbian and Macedonian, the town is known as Pančevo (Панчево), in Hungarian as Pancsova, in Slovak as Pánčevo, in Romanian as Panciova and in German as Pantschowa. The place name is probably derived from an old Slavonic term and meant location of marsh.[1]

Geography

River island Forkontumac

Pančevo is located on flat plains at 44°52′14″N 20°38′25″E / 44.87056°N 20.64028°E / 44.87056; 20.64028, approximately 17 km NE of Pančevo bridge to Belgrade and 43 km NW of Smederevo. The altitude above sea level is 77 meters. The southern city quarters are located on the bank of the Danube, the western quarters on the bank of Tamiš. The town is located nearby the wetland Pančevački Rit in the southern part of the geographical region of Banat. The river islands Forkontumac and Čakljanac are the southernmost part of the urban area.

History

In the late 19th and early 20th century were found many archaeological artifacts of the Stone Age period, remains of settlements and places of burial from the times of Bronze Age (Urnfield culture) and Ancient Rome on the urban area. Most of the objects are exhibited at the National Museum of the town.[2][3]

National Archives of Austria, Map of Josephinian Land Survey (1769-1772), city without still existing fortification

In 1153, the Muslim geograper Muhammad al-Idrisi described the settlement as an important mercantile place and that is the first historical mentioning of the town. There is no deed or other evidence of founding the city. Today's urban area was administered by the Bulgarian Empire until the begin of the 11th century, then by the Kingdom of Hungary until the 16th century, when it became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1521. During the Ottoman rule, the city was part of the Temeşvar Eyalet and mostly populated by ethnic Serbs. In 1660, Evliya Çelebi described the town as a quadrangular fortification being diameter of one hundred Turkish feet. During the Austro-Turkish War, the fortification was conquered by Claude Florimond de Mercy and his troops in 1716. There is an impression of the old city and its fortification recorded on maps from 1717 and 1720 which are located at National Széchényi Library and Institute of Military History in Budapest.[4][5][6]

After the Treaty of Požarevac, the city belonged to Habsburg's Banat. The town was a garrison place of temporarily stationed Regiments of Imperial Army. In December 1764, a military commission of Viennese Hofkriegsrat registered 564 Rascian people who lived in 203 more or less habitable houses. Since this time Habsburg's administration encouraged massive immigration of German settlers to develop the new district of Military Frontier, established in 1765. In January 1794, Francis II signed the charter of borough rights of Pančevo. Approximately, in the middle of the 19th century, the fortification has been slighted for urban expanding. In 1873, the military frontier was abolished and Pančevo included into Torontál county of Austria-Hungary. In 1902, cadastral maps of the town were recorded which are located at the National Archives of Hungary.[7][8][9][10][11]

Historical Synagogue, building and land lot confiscated by Danube Swabians of Autonomous Banat
Svilara Stockhaus (stock plant house,Stock – Baton;), Riblja pijaca – Fish market), used by Banater Staatswache, SS (Wirtschaftsbataillon-Pferde Corps since May 1941 and OZNA since October 1944.

After World War I, the city was part of provisional Torontalsko-tamiške županja (Treaty of Trianon), in 1922 of Belgrade oblast and since 1929 of the Danube Banovina in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In April 1941, Pančevo was occupied during the invasion of Yugoslavia by Germany. Soldiers of Division Grossdeutschland committed a war crime in the city when 36 Serbian civilians were executed by hanging and shooting as a reprisal for the deaths of 9 Danube Swabian members of the paramilitary formation Deutsche Mannschaft, a member of SS Division Das Reich and a wounded member of that division, shot by unknown soldiers of Royal Yugoslav Army after Yugoslav surrender. Propaganda photos and film of the executions were used decades after the event to help chronicle the Wehrmacht's complicity in German atrocities during the war.[12][13][14][15]

During World War II in Yugoslavia, Pančevo was a part of the Autonomous Banat within German-occupied Serbia. Political prisoners of National Socialism and Communism has been killed on a location named Stratište near to Jabuka. Most of local Danube Swabian men were recruited or conscripted in the Waffen-SS, the majority of them in the Division Das Reich, in German Police and in the SS Freiwilligen Gebirgsjäger Division Prinz Eugen. Almost all of the local German women and youth were organized in formations Deutsche Frauenschaft and Deutsche Jugend and dedicated to national socialism of Danube Swabians. The town was a regional center of this extremist movement. In 1944, after the defeat of German Wehrmacht and Waffen-SS during the Belgrade Offensive by Allied Armies, one part of the German people left the city, together with defeated German army. The other part of German people remained in the country. They were sent into local imprisonments which existed until 1948. After prison camps were dissolved, many of German population left Yugoslavia because of economic reasons. Since 1945, the city belonged to the Srez Pančevo of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The city was the administrative center of the region from all these centuries to the present.[16][17][18]

Administration

Main municipal building

The administration of the municipality of Pančevo is structured in 9 local communities (Mesna zajednica, singular; abbreviation MZ) of seven villages, two towns and the city of Pančevo, structured in eight local communities of eight city districts with several quarters.[19]

Administrative area structure

Community (MZ) Banatski Brestovac Banatsko Novo Selo Dolovo Glogonj Ivanovo Jabuka Kačarevo Omoljica Starčevo Pančevo City
Area (km2) 61,905 98,955 117,176 42,775 42,567 51,786 39,706 77,262 62,066 161,373

The administrative area differs to the historical administrative area. From 1946 to 1959, the historical municipality (Srez) was structured in 23 communities, including today's communities and the villages and cities of Baranda, Borča, Crepaja, Debeljača, Idvor, Kovačica, Opovo, Ovča, Padina, Sakule, Sefkerin, Uzdin and Vojlovica. The city district Vojlovica was added to the town in 1978.

City administrative structure

City districts of Pančevo
MZ Centar:
  • Donji grad
  • Zelengora
  • Mali London (Mali Rit)
  • Sodara
  • Topola
  • Utvina kolonija

MZ Gornji grad:

  • Karaula
  • Skrobara

MZ Kotež:

  • Kotež 1
  • Kotež 2

MZ Mladost:

  • Kudeljarski nasip
  • Stara Misa
  • Misa vinogradi (Nova Misa)

MZ Stari Tamiš

MZ Strelište

MZ Tesla

MZ Vojlovica

Demographics

Municipality of Pančevo

Municipal area population

Year 1961 1971 1981 1991 2002 2011
Total 93,744 110,780 123,791 125,261 127,162 123,414

Demography of city population

Year 1869 1890 1910 1931 1948 1961 1981 2002
Total 16,888 17,948 20,808 22,089 30,516 46,679 71,009 78,938

Demography of municipal population by ethnicity

Year Total Serbs Macedonians Hungarians Romanians Roma Slovaks Croats Other nationalities
2011 123,414 97,499 4,558 3,422 3,173 2,118 1,411 880 10,353

Culture

Cultural institutions and events

The oldest and most traditional cultural institution of the city is the Serbian Church Choral Society, founded in 1838 and one of the oldest still existing Choral Societies of today's Serbia. The most important Cultural Center of the city (Kulturni Centar Pančeva) is located in the former theater building of the city, founded in 1947 and named National Theater which realized play productions in cooperation with National Theater Novi Sad. In 1956, the political authorities of the town decided the creation of a cultural center which is representing variety of all Arts. The center has a gallery of Modern art, and it promotes continuous festivals like Biennial of Art (Bijenale umetnosti), the music festival Ethno.com and the Pančevački Jazz Festival with artists from all over the world. In addition, some theater productions are shown annually in cooperation with National Theater Belgrade and other famous institutions. In 2012, the center published all popular stories of Zigomar Comics in a collected edition. Since 1977, the House of Youth (Dom omladine) is venue of the event Rukopisi (Manuscripts) where young writers are presented each year. The facility also promotes many other events. There is also the continuous Film festival PAFF worth mentioning which has a good reputation beyond the region. In the past, the city has been filming location for many national and international movie productions, including well known movies such as La Tour, prends garde!, The Mongols, I Even Met Happy Gypsies, Balkan Express, Black Cat, White Cat and Coriolanus.[20][21][22][23][24]

Since 2004, each year in June the Pančevački Carnival become the most important event of its kind in Serbia. The highlight of the event is the parade which goes through the center with more than over 3,000 international participants and up to 100,000 visitors annually. The city is a member of the Federation of European Carnival Cities.[25]

National Museum

The National Museum was founded in 1923 and it is located in former neoclassical city hall since several decades. The institution has a valuable permanent exhibition and it is one of the most important museums of Vojvodina. The Vajfert Brewery is located in the town's center and it is the oldest one of today's Serbia, founded in 1722 by Abraham Kepiš from Bratislava. The brewery was run by the Vajfert family for several generations and its most famous represent was Đorđe Vajfert. After closing in 2008 and a conflagration in 2010, the building complex was a ruin in recent years. In 2015, the city began to realize a concept for revitalizing the industrial heritage and in the following year, the Đorđe Vajfert Brewery Museum was opened in the presence of the Austrian and German ambassadors. And last but not least, there is an Archive of the City, founded in 1947 and it is located in former barracks of Austrian-Hungarian Army. The archive collects and preserves materials of town's history from all centuries.[26][27][28][29][30]

Cultural monuments

Pančevo's Vojlovica monastery, first mentioned in 1536, is one of the oldest monasteries in this region and declared Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance. The oldest churches in town are the Roman Catholic Church Saint Charles Borromeo, built from 1756 to 1757, and the Serbian Orthodox Church Assumption of Holy Virgin, built from 1807 to 1811. The urban Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments supports the maintenance and restoration of Pančevo's Cultural Heritage.[31][32][33][34]

Local mass media

The weekly newspaper Pančevac is the oldest one of still existing print media in Serbia, founded in 1869. The weekly newspaper Libertatea is one of the most important print media of Romanians in Serbia. The first edition has been published in May 1945. The most used local mass media is RTV Pančevo. The TV station started broadcasting its programs in 1992.[35][36][37]

Economy and Environment

Bird's eye view of NIS oil refinery

Pančevo is the economic center of South Banat District. There are many industrial companies in processing of oil, steel, aluminum, glass, corn, grain, in metalworking, in producing petrochemicals, fertilizer, commercial packaging, PET molding machines, clothes, grain mill products, bacon and other food, in construction of aircraft, thermal power stations and buildings of steel beams. The industrial site of NIS refinery is the largest one of all refineries in Serbia. In 1999, the industrial site was strategically bombed by NATO during Operation Allied Force. Precise targets included the refinery, the town's airport, the Utva aircraft industry and HIP factory. The UNEP reported in studies about soil and groundwater contaminations caused by NATO bombardment. The contamination is a long-term threat to natural environment and human health. There are two protected natural resources located in surroundings of the city, the natural monument Ivanov's island (Serbian Ivanovačka ada) and the Nature Park Ponjavica.[38][39][40]

Transportation

Train station Pančevo Varoš

The most important road that runs through Pančevo is the European route E70 which forms a bypass around the city center, connecting the city with Belgrade. The IB-14 highway to Smederevo via Kovin starts here, and so does the IIA-130 highway to Ečka.

Having a relatively small population, Pančevo has no less than four passenger train stations: Pančevo Glavna stanica, Pančevo Varoš, Pančevo Strelište and Pančevo Vojlovica. Apart from these, Serbian railways also serve some important industries, such as NIS oil refinery and HIP Azotara.

The municipality lays on the left bank of the Danube which is one of the Europe's most important waterways. The new port was built in 1947. The river Tamiš discharges into the Danube just outside the town of Pančevo.[41]

Sports

There are some popular sporting clubs in town, the football (soccer) team FK Dinamo Pančevo, the women's football club ŽFK, the basketball club KK Tamiš and the American football team Pančevo Panthers. Currently, the most successful athlete is Slobodan Bitević who lives in the city.

Twin towns, sister cities and regions

Famous citizens

See also

References

  1. ↑ Felix Milleker, Geschichte der Stadt Pančevo, Pančevo 1925, p. 4-5.
  2. ↑ Felix Milleker, Geschichte der Stadt Pančevo, Pančevo 1925, p. 5-7.
  3. ↑ Virtual visit at the National Museum on the Website by National Museum of Pančevo (in English), Retrieved on 2017-01-18.
  4. ↑ Felix Milleker, Geschichte der Stadt Pančevo, Pančevo 1925, p. 12-20.
  5. ↑ Map of the city and the fortification in 1717, Retrieved on 2017-01-23.
  6. ↑ Map of the fortification in 1720, Retrieved 2017-01-23.
  7. ↑ Erik Roth, Die planmäßig angelegten Siedlungen im Deutsch-Banater Militärgrenzbezirk 1765-1821, Munich 1988, ISBN 3-486-54741-0, p. 348.
  8. ↑ Felix Milleker, Geschichte der Stadt Pančevo, Pančevo 1925, p. 55-90.
  9. ↑ Luka Ilić, Historische Skizze der kaiserlich königlichen Militär-Communität Pantschowa, Pančevo 1855, Enclosing Map of 1814.
  10. ↑ Pančevo on the Map of Franciscan Land Survey (1806-1869) at National Archives of Austria, Retrieved 2017-01-23.
  11. ↑ Cadastre maps Pancsova, Retrieved on 2017-01-20
  12. ↑ Ulrike Jureit and Hans Mommsen, Verbrechen der Wehrmacht, Hamburg 2002, ISBN 3-930908-74-3, p. 536-537.
  13. ↑ Jürgen Martschukat and Silvan Niedermeier, Violence and Visibility in Modern History, New York 2013, ISBN 978-1-137-37868-2, p.182.
  14. ↑ Donauschwäbische Kulturstiftung, Leidensweg der Deutschen im kommunistischen Jugoslawien, Volume 2, Munich 1993, ISBN 3-926276-17-7, p. 131-133.
  15. ↑ Crime of the Wehrmacht, Pančevo in April of 1941—different numbers of victims, audio commentaries, sequences, film scores of TV-documentaries with original materials: version 1 (36 Serbs) (in German) and version 2 (18 Serbs) (in German) on the Website by YouTube, Retrieved on 2017-05-22.
  16. ↑ Akiko Shimizu, Die deutsche Okkupation des serbischen Banats 1941-1944 unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der deutschen Volksgruppe in Jugoslawien. Regensburger Schriften aus Philosophie, Politik, Gesellschaft und Geschichte. Band 5, Münster 2003, ISBN 3-8258-5975-4, p. 67, 105, 194-196, 152-154.
  17. ↑ Genozid nad Podunavskim Nemcima (in Serbian) on the Website Google Sites, Retrieved on 2017-01-19.
  18. ↑ Srpske sinagoge kojih nema, History of the Synagogue on ARS Magine, Retrieved on 2017-05-20.
  19. ↑ City administrative area (PDF) on the Website by the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, Retrieved on 2017-01-17.
  20. ↑ Official Website by Serbian Church Choral Society, Retrieved on 2017-05-08.
  21. ↑ Official Website by the Kulturni Centar Pančeva (in Serbian), Retrieved on 2017-01-21.
  22. ↑ Official Website by Dom omladine (in Serbian), Retrieved on 2017-01-21.
  23. ↑ Official Website by PAFF (in English), Retrieved on 2017-01-21.
  24. ↑ Pančevo in film frames, 1956-2010 (PDF) (in English), Publication by the Web archive of Pančevo, Retrieved on 2017-01-21.
  25. ↑ Official Website by Pančevački Karneval, Retrieved on 2017-03-27
  26. ↑ Official Website by Narodni Muzej (in Serbian), Retrieved on 2017-01-21.
  27. ↑ Rezultati konkursa za idejno rešenje rekonstrukcje Vajfertove Pivare Super prostor, web portal for architecture and cultural space (in Serbian), Retrieved on 2017-01-21.
  28. ↑ Georg Weifert Museum opened in Pančevo (in English), article by Diplomacy&Commerce, Retrieved on 2017-01-21.
  29. ↑ Official Website by Muzej Pivarstva Đorđe Vajfert (in Serbian), Retrieved on 2017-01-21.
  30. ↑ Official Website by Istorijski arhiv u Pančevu, Retrieved on 2017-01-22.
  31. ↑ History of Roman Catholic Church on the Official Website by Diocese of Zrenjanin, Retrieved on 2017-05-25.
  32. ↑ History of Serbian Orthodox Church on the Official Website by Eparchy of Banat, Retrieved on 2017-05-25.
  33. ↑ Cultural monuments on the Official Website by Turistička organizacija Pančevo (in Serbian), Retrieved on 2017-01-21.
  34. ↑ Official Website by Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments of Pančevo (in Serbian), Retrieved on 2017-01-21.
  35. ↑ Official Website by Pančevac (in Serbian), Retrieved on 2017-01-18.
  36. ↑ Official Website by RTV (in Serbian), Retrieved on 2017-01-21.
  37. ↑ Official Website by Libertatea, Retrieved on 2017-01-25.
  38. ↑ Official commercial address book of the City (PDF), Retrieved on 2017-01-22.
  39. ↑ UNEP final report Pančevo (PDF), Retrieved on 2017-01-22.
  40. ↑ Official Website by Nature Park Ponjavica, Retrieved on 2017-01-23.
  41. ↑ Official Website by Luka Dunav, Retrieved on 2017-03-23.

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