Palmerston North (New Zealand electorate)

Palmerston North electorate boundaries used since the 2008 election

Palmerston North is a parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. The electorate was first formed for the 1890 election and was called Palmerston until 1938. The current MP for Palmerston North is Iain Lees-Galloway of the Labour Party. He has held this position since the 2008 election.

Population centres

In December 1887, the House of Representatives voted to reduce its membership from general electorates from 91 to 70. The 1890 electoral redistribution used the same 1886 census data used for the 1887 electoral redistribution. In addition, three-member electorates were introduced in the four main centres. This resulted in a major restructuring of electorates, and Palmerston was one of four electorates to be first created for the 1890 election.[1]

Palmerston North reached its current approximate size at the expense of the old Manawatu electorate in the lead up to the introduction of mixed-member proportional (MMP) voting in 1996. The boundaries of the Palmerston North electorate were last adjusted in the 2007 redistribution, when the electorate became fully urban and covered all of the urbanised part of Palmerston North City, with the towns in its orbit such as Ashhurst and Linton becoming part of the neighbouring electorate of Rangitīkei. To counter the population loss on the Manawatu River's left bank, the section of the city on the right bank, including the suburb of Milson, was moved in at the same time.[2] No boundary adjustments were undertaken in the subsequent 2013/14 redistribution.[3]

History

The electorate has been loyal to the Labour Party, not having elected a National MP since 1975, and having not re-elected a National MP since 1966.

The first representative of the Palmerston electorate was James Wilson.[4] Wilson previously represented the Foxton electorate until its abolition in 1890.[5] In the 1890 election, Wilson beat Frederick Pirani by 61 votes.[6] In the 1893 election, Wilson stood successfully in the Otaki electorate[4] and Palmerston was won by Pirani, who was confirmed in 1896 and 1899,[7] but defeated in 1902 when he contested the Hutt electorate.[8] In the 1899 election, Prime Minister Richard Seddon expressed his opposition to Pirani (who had previously stood for the Liberal Party) by endorsing William Thomas Wood, who came second that year.[6]

Wood was the successful candidate in the 1902 election, and he was confirmed in 1905.[9] The 1908 election was held under the Second Ballot Act, contested by three candidates. David Buick, Wood and W. Milverton received 2675, 2626 and 123 votes, respectively. As Buick did not receive an absolute majority, a second ballot was required.[10] Buick standing for the Reform Party was again successful in the second round of voting and was thus elected.[11] Buick was re-elected in 1911 and 1914, but died in office on 18 November 1918 during the influenza epidemic.[12]

Jimmy Nash, the sitting Mayor of Palmerston North, won the resulting by-election on 19 December 1918.[13] Nash was confirmed at the next five general elections,[13] but was defeated in the 1935 election by Joe Hodgens of the Labour Party in an election also contested by the then mayor, Augustus Edward Mansford.[14] Hodgens had previously contested the electorate in the 1922 and 1931 elections. He retired from the electorate at the 1946 election due to the deteriorating health of his wife.[14]

The 1946 election was contested between Ormond Wilson for Labour and Mansford, whose relationship with the National Party was strained, since his 1935 election campaign had contributed to the defeat of Nash. Mansford failed to get nominated by the National Party for the 1938 and 1943 elections. So in 1946, the National Party decided not to stand a candidate, with Mansford running as an Independent. Wilson obtained a majority of 928 votes.[15]

Wilson lost the subsequent election in 1949 against Blair Tennent of the National Party.[16][17] Tennent was confirmed at the subsequent election, but then lost against the Labour candidate, Philip Skoglund, in the 1954 election.[17] Skoglund contested the 1957 election against Bill Brown of the National Party and was confirmed by the voters. However, in the 1960 election, Brown beat Skoglund by the narrow majority of 123 votes. At the 1963 election, Brown had a 772-vote majority to Skoglund. The 1966 election was contested by Brown against Labour's Joe Walding, with Brown holding a 259-vote majority. Brown died in office on 16 October 1967 at a function in Kaiapoi.[18]

The resulting 1967 by-election was contested by five candidates: Walding (Labour Party), Gordon Cruden (National Party), John O'Brien (Social Credit Party), Goldingham (Progress) and P. J. Wedderspoon (Democratic Labour). Walding obtained a majority of 592 votes.[19] Walding represented the Palmerston North electorate until the 1975 election, when he was defeated by John Lithgow, and from 1978 to 1981. Six months prior to the 1981 election, he announced his retirement from Parliament.[19]

The Labour nomination was hotly contested and Trevor de Cleene, a good friend of Walding, was the most experienced candidate who put his name forward for selection, and despite concerns about his often controversial nature, he was nominated by the party. The candidate put forward by National was his old foe Brian Elwood, with whom he had worked on the Palmerston North City Council for many years, and against whom he lost the mayoralty contest in 1974. Elwood and de Cleene received 8315 and 10425 votes, respectively (representing 35.7% and 48.5% of the vote), with de Cleene thus entering Parliament in 1981.[20] De Cleene won the 1984 election, called early by Robert Muldoon, with an increased majority over National's candidate, C G Singleton.[20] In the 1987 election, de Cleene raised his share of the vote to 56.2%, defeating National's Paul Curry. He did not seek re-election in the 1990 election.[20]

Iain Lees-Galloway was selected by the Labour Party as successor to retiring MP Steve Maharey, who became Vice Chancellor of Massey University, in a contested Labour Party selection for the 2008 election.[21] Lees-Galloway defeated the National Party candidate, Malcolm Plimmer, with a majority of 1,117 votes.[22][23] In the 2011 election, Lees-Galloway was confirmed with an increased majority of 3,285 votes, defeating National's Leonie Hapeta.[24] In the 2014 election, Lees-Galloway was challenged by the Mayor of Palmerston North, Jono Naylor, but remained successful.[25] Lees-Galloway had a decreased majority of 2,212 votes over Naylor.[26] Naylor was the lowest-ranked National MP who entered Parliament via their list.[27][28]

Members of Parliament

Key

  Independent     Conservative     Liberal     Independent Liberal     Reform     Labour     National     NZ First  

Election Winner
1890 election James Wilson
1893 election Frederick Pirani
1896 election
1899 election
1902 election William Wood
1905 election
1908 election David Buick
1911 election
1914 election
1918 by-election Jimmy Nash
1919 election
1922 election
1925 election
1928 election
1931 election
1935 election Joe Hodgens
1938 election
1943 election
1946 election Ormond Wilson
1949 election Blair Tennent
1951 election
1954 election Philip Skoglund
1957 election
1960 election Bill Brown
1963 election
1966 election
1967 by-election Joe Walding
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election John Lithgow
1978 election Joe Walding (2nd period)
1981 election Trevor de Cleene
1984 election
1987 election
1990 election Steve Maharey
1993 election
1996 election
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election Iain Lees-Galloway
2011 election
2014 election

List MPs

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Palmerston North electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

Election Winner
2014 election Jono Naylor
Darroch Ball

Election results

2014 election

General election, 2014: Palmerston North[26]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Iain Lees-Galloway 16,885 49.70 −1.62 10,632 30.88 −3.00
National Jono Naylor 14,673 43.19 +2.07 14,835 43.09 −1.03
NZ First Darroch Ball 1,217 3.58 +3.58 2,973 8.64 +2.98
Conservative Mark Pearce 689 2.03 −0.07 1,549 4.50 +1.48
Internet Pani Farvid 250 0.74 +0.74
Green   3,390 9.85 −0.65
Internet Mana   330 0.96 +0.68[lower-alpha 1]
ACT   175 0.51 −0.23
Māori   166 0.48 −0.03
Legalise Cannabis   123 0.36 −0.12
United Future   80 0.23 −0.41
Ban 1080   30 0.09 +0.09
Civilian   24 0.07 +0.07
Democrats   10 0.03 −0.02
Independent Coalition   10 0.03 +0.03
Focus   7 0.02 +0.02
Informal votes 257 93
Total Valid votes 33,871 34,427
Turnout 34,427 79.37 +3.46
Labour hold Majority 2,212 6.51 −3.69

2011 election

General election, 2011: Palmerston North[24]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Iain Lees-Galloway 16,525 51.32 +4.50 11,194 33.88 -6.80
National Leonie Hapeta 13,240 41.12 -2.43 14,577 44.12 +3.46
Green Corrina Tucker 1,485 4.61 +0.19 3,469 10.50 +3.99
Conservative Andrew Marquet 675 2.10 +2.10 997 3.02 +3.02
ACT Daniel Stratton 167 0.52 -0.71 245 0.74 -1.99
United Future Sultan Eusoff 109 0.34 -0.42 210 0.64 -0.60
NZ First   1,870 5.66 +1.61
Māori   168 0.51 -0.20
Legalise Cannabis   157 0.48 +0.07
Mana   94 0.28 +0.28
Alliance   23 0.07 +0.02
Libertarianz   19 0.06 +0.01
Democrats   15 0.05 +0.03
Informal votes 667 230
Total Valid votes 32,201 33,038
Labour hold Majority 3,285 10.20 +6.93

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 43,524[29]

2008 election

General election, 2008: Palmerston North[30]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
Labour Iain Lees-Galloway 15,977 46.82 14,108 40.68
National Malcolm Plimmer 14,860 43.55 14,103 40.66
Green Lawrence O'Halloran 1,509 4.42 2,258 6.51
NZ First Graham Odering 658 1.93 1,404 4.05
ACT Kevin Dittmer 420 1.23 948 2.73
Progressive Debbie Lucas 261 0.76 408 1.18
United Future Frank Owen 259 0.76 430 1.24
Independent Grant Seton 107 0.31
Independent Arshad Chatha 74 0.22
Bill and Ben   338 0.97
Māori   247 0.71
Legalise Cannabis   139 0.40
Kiwi   117 0.34
Family Party   89 0.26
Pacific   37 0.11
Alliance   16 0.05
Libertarianz   16 0.05
Workers Party   12 0.03
Democrats   6 0.02
RONZ   4 0.01
RAM   2 0.01
Informal votes 341 159
Total Valid votes 34,125 34,682
Labour hold Majority 1,117 3.27

2005 election

General election, 2005: Palmerston North[31]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
A Green tickY or Red XN denotes status of any incumbent, win or lose respectively.

Party Candidate Votes % ±% Party Votes % ±%
Labour Green tickY Steve Maharey 17,263 53.87 14,642 44.98
National Malcolm Plimmer 11,763 36.71 11,943 36.69
Green Lawrence O'Hallorahan 1,141 3.56 2,116 6.50
NZ First Graham Odering 853 2.66 1,673 5.14
United Future Gary Pedersen 627 1.96 1,071 3.29
Progressive Dawn Patchett 251 0.78 370 1.14
Independent Archard Chatha 147 0.46
ACT   285 0.88
Māori   161 0.49
Destiny   116 0.36
Legalise Cannabis   59 0.18
Christian Heritage   49 0.15
Libertarianz   18 0.06
Alliance   14 0.04
99 MP   10 0.03
One NZ   7 0.02
Democrats   6 0.02
Direct Democracy   6 0.02
RONZ   4 0.01
Family Rights   2 0.01
Informal votes 276 105
Total Valid votes 35,460 35,983
Labour hold Majority 5,500 17.16

1999 election

Refer to Candidates in the New Zealand general election 1999 by electorate#Palmerston North for a list of candidates.

1993 election

General election, 1993: Palmerston North[32]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Steve Maharey 9,049 46.2 +4.3
National Barbara Stones 5,285 27.0
Alliance Gerard Hehir 3,474 17.7
NZ First Graham Odering 1,220 6.2
Christian Heritage K C Burgess 413 2.1 +0.3
Natural Law Tony Martin 66 0.3
Independent P T Goaley 48 0.2
Independent E M Nattrass 40 0.2 ±0
Majority 3,764 19.2 +17.4
Turnout 19,569

1990 election

General election, 1990: Palmerston North[33]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Steve Maharey 8,283 41.9
National P L Sherriff 7,934 40.1
Green Ashok Parbhu 1,465 7.4
Social Credit Bruce Beetham 851 4.3
NewLabour B J Short 701 3.5
Christian Heritage K C Burgess 359 1.8
Democrats S A M Collins 107 0.5
Independent P T Goaley 44 0.2
Majority 349 1.8
Turnout 19,744

1987 election

General election, 1987: Palmerston North[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Trevor de Cleene 11,192 56.2 +5.8
National P J Curry 7,955 40.0
Democrats J T Lush 505 2.5
McGillicuddy Serious N G Colless 170 0.9
NZ Party E B Halford 90 0.4
Majority 3,327 16.2 +1.4
Turnout 22,681 90.1 -4.0

1984 election

General election, 1984: Palmerston North[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Trevor de Cleene 10,341 50.4 +1.9
National C G Singleton 7,308 35.6
NZ Party Carol Coupler 2,123 10.3
Social Credit M Smith 765 3.7
Majority 3,033 14.8 +5.0
Turnout 22,333 94.1 +3.8

1981 election

General election, 1981: Palmerston North[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Trevor de Cleene 10,425 48.5
National Brian Elwood 8,315 38.7
Social Credit Jacqueline Lush 2,567 11.9
Values H T Kaa 113 0.5
Independent W J Harris 87 0.4
Majority 2,110 9.8
Turnout 23,905 90.3 +22.7

1978 election

General election, 1978: Palmerston North[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Joe Walding 10,629 49.0 +6.3
National John Lithgow 7,893 36.4 -7.0
Social Credit P J Edmonds 2,558 11.8 +4.7
Values G F Serrallich 551 2.6
Tory A J Smith 48 0.2
Majority 2,736 12.6
Turnout 32,162 67.6 -16.3

1975 election

General election, 1975: Palmerston North[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National John Lithgow 8,801 43.4
Labour Joe Walding 8,659 42.7 -8.1
Social Credit P J Edmonds 1,453 7.1
Values N W Rennie 1,378 6.8
Majority 142 0.7
Turnout 24,257 83.9 -2.8

1972 election

General election, 1972: Palmerston North[34]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Joe Walding 8,888 50.8 +3.8
National P W Mitchell 7,122 40.7
Social Credit B K Harper 694 4.0
Values D J Woodhams 676 3.9
Mad Hatter's Tea Party M Mouse 76 0.4
New Democratic L A Inglis 32 0.2
Majority 1,766 10.1 +9.3
Turnout 19,600 86.7 -4.8

1969 election

General election, 1969: Palmerston North[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Joe Walding 8,492 47.0 +3.1
National Gordon Cruden 8,331 46.2
Social Credit Les Hunter 1,229 6.8
Majority 161 0.8 -2.9
Turnout 19,797 91.5 +11.9

1967 by-election

Palmerston North by-election, 1967
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Joe Walding 6,939 43.94
National Gordon Cruden 6,347 40.19
Social Credit John O'Brien 2,410 15.26
Democratic Labour Jamie Wedderspoon 61 0.39
Progress J. Q. Goldringham 34 0.22
Majority 592 3.75
Turnout 15,791 76.39
Registered electors 19,873
Labour gain from National Swing

1966 election

General election, 1966: Palmerston North[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Bill Brown 7,865 46.0 -3.2
Labour Joe Walding 7,606 44.5
Social Credit G Thew 1,620 9.5
Majority 259 1.5 -4.2
Turnout 19,213 89.4 -2.6

1963 election

General election, 1963: Palmerston North[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Bill Brown 8,047 49.2 +2.7
Labour Philip Skoglund 7,275 44.5 +2.0
Social Credit T A Greenwood 815 5.0
Liberal R J Pedley 165 1.0
Communist G A Allison 58 0.3
Majority 772 4.7 +3.8
Turnout 17,865 92.0 +0.9

1960 election

General election, 1960: Palmerston North[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Bill Brown 7,401 46.5 +4.0
Labour Philip Skoglund 7,268 45.6 -5.6
Social Credit R M Gunn 1,186 7.4
Communist F W Manning 79 0.5
Majority 133 0.9
Turnout 17,572 91.1 -2.4

1957 election

General election, 1957: Palmerston North[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Philip Skoglund 7,931 51.2 +2.9
National Bill Brown 6,583 42.5
Social Credit H H E Kensington 978 6.3
Majority 1,348 8.7 +6.3
Turnout 16,625 93.5 -1.1

1954 election

General election, 1954: Palmerston North[35]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Philip Skoglund 7,160 48.3
National Blair Tennent 6,814 45.9 -3.4
Social Credit S W Wood 863 5.8
Majority 346 2.4
Turnout 15,772 94.6 +4.3

1951 election

General election, 1951: Palmerston North[36]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Blair Tennent 7,288 50.7 -1.1
Labour Joe Hodgens 7,088 49.3
Majority 200 1.4 -2.2
Turnout 15,964 90.3 -3.5

1949 election

General election, 1949: Palmerston North[37]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
National Blair Tennent 7,368 51.8
Labour Ormond Wilson 6,850 48.2 -5.2
Majority 518 3.6
Turnout 15,260 93.8 +0.2

1946 election

General election, 1946: Palmerston North[38]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Labour Ormond Wilson 7,237 53.4
National Augustus Edward Mansford 6,309 46.6
Majority 928 6.8
Turnout 14565 93.6

1931 election

General election, 1931: Palmerston[39]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform Jimmy Nash 6,465 55.33 +5.92
Labour Joe Hodgens 5,220 44.67
Majority 1,245 10.65 -10.23
Informal votes 67 0.57 -1.07
Turnout 11,752 83.82 -3.88
Registered electors 14,020

1928 election

General election, 1928: Palmerston[40]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform Jimmy Nash 5,558 49.40 -16.91
Labour Walter Bromley 3,208 28.52 -5.17
United Charles Albert Loughnan[nb 1] 2,484 22.08
Majority 2,350 20.89 -11.75
Informal votes 188 1.64 -0.44
Turnout 11,438 87.71 -2.04
Registered electors 13,041

Table footnotes:

  1. ↑ Charles Loughnan (died 1955), younger brother of Robert Andrew Loughnan, was the founder of Loughnan and Jacobs, solicitors in Palmerston North, now Jacobs Florentine.[41]

1925 election

General election, 1925: Palmerston[42]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform Jimmy Nash 6,584 66.32
Labour Walter Bromley 3,344 33.68
Majority 3,240 32.63
Informal votes 211 2.08
Turnout 10,139 89.75
Registered electors 11,297

1919 election

General election, 1919: Palmerston[43]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform Jimmy Nash 4,617 54.94 +13.38
Labour Moses Ayrton 3,613 42.99
Informal votes 173 2.05
Majority 1,004 11.94 +6.07
Turnout 8,403

1918 by-election

Palmerston by-election, 1918[44]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Reform Jimmy Nash 2,229 41.56
Labour Alexander Galbraith 1,914 35.68
Liberal Ernest Hugh Crabb[45] 1,119 20.86
Independent Reform A. Buchanan 101 1.88
Majority 315 5.87
Turnout 5,363

1899 election

General election, 1899: Palmerston[46]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Independent Liberal Frederick Pirani 1,980 48.49 -2.30
Liberal William Thomas Wood 1,465 35.88
Conservative David Buick 638 15.63 -33.58
Majority 515 12.61 +11.03
Turnout 4,083 76.32 -2.90
Registered electors 5,350

1890 election

General election, 1890: Palmerston[47]
Party Candidate Votes % ±
Conservative James Wilson 1,055 43.14
Liberal Frederick Pirani 994 40.65
Liberal John Stevens 396 16.19
Majority 61 2.49
Turnout 2,445 63.55
Registered electors 3,847

Table footnotes

  1. ↑ 2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes for Mana in 2011; it shared a party list with Internet in the 2014 election.

Notes

  1. ↑ McRobie 1989, pp. 54ff.
  2. ↑ Report of the Representation Commission 2007 (PDF). Representation Commission. 14 September 2007. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  3. ↑ Report of the Representation Commission 2014 (PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  4. 1 2 Scholefield 1950, p. 148.
  5. ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 157.
  6. 1 2 Oliver, Steven (22 June 2007). "Pirani, Frederick 1858–1926". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 13 December 2011.
  7. ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 132.
  8. ↑ "Untitled". The Evening Post. LXIV (131). 29 November 1902. p. 6. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  9. ↑ Scholefield 1950, p. 149.
  10. ↑ "Palmerston". Wanganui Herald. XXXXIII (12621). 18 November 1908. p. 5. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  11. ↑ "In other Districts". Nelson Evening Mail. XLII. 25 November 1908. p. 2. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
  12. ↑ "David Buick : Member of Parliament for Palmerston North 1908–1918" (PDF). New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
  13. 1 2 Scholefield 1950, p. 128.
  14. 1 2 Atkinson, Neill. "Hodgens, Joseph - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
  15. ↑ Hancock, Mervyn (December 2005). "George Hamish Ormond Wilson : Member of Parliament for Rangitikei 1935–1938 Palmerston North 1946–1949" (PDF). Palmerston North Library. Retrieved 26 December 2011.
  16. ↑ Paul, Janet. "Wilson, George Hamish Ormond - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
  17. 1 2 Pilkington, Dorothy. "Tennent, William Blair - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 21 October 2011.
  18. ↑ Hancock, Mervyn (December 2005). "George Hamish Ormond Wilson : Member of Parliament for Palmerston North 1960–67" (PDF). Palmerston North Library. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  19. 1 2 Hancock, Mervyn (December 2005). "Joseph Albert Walding : Member of Parliament for Palmerston North 1967–1975 1978–1981" (PDF). Palmerston North Library. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
  20. 1 2 3 Hancock, Mervyn (December 2005). "Trevor Albert De Cleene : Member of Parliament for Palmerston North 1981–1990" (PDF). Palmerston North Library. Retrieved 28 December 2011.
  21. ↑ Dykes, Mervyn (29 April 2009). "Man about the House". Manawatu Standard. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  22. ↑ "Official Count Results -- Palmerston North". Chief Electoral Officer. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  23. ↑ "Iain Lees-Galloway". New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
  24. 1 2 "Official Count Results -- Palmerston North (2011)". Chief Electoral Officer. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  25. ↑ "Lees-Galloway returned as MP". Manawatu Standard. 20 September 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  26. 1 2 "Official Count Results -- Palmerston North (2014)". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 26 April 2016.
  27. ↑ Townend, Lucy (4 October 2014). "Naylor confirmed as MP". Manawatu Standard. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  28. ↑ Rutherford, Hamish (4 October 2014). "National loses majority, Greens pick up one". Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  29. ↑ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
  30. ↑ 2008 election results
  31. ↑ election result Palmerston North 2005
  32. ↑ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. pp. 12, 161.
  33. ↑ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990.
  34. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Norton 1988, pp. 309.
  35. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Norton 1988, pp. 308.
  36. ↑ "The New Zealand Official Year-Book, 1951–52". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 19 November 2012.
  37. ↑ "The General Election, 1949". National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  38. ↑ "The General Election, 1946". National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved 1 January 2014.
  39. ↑ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 4. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
  40. ↑ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 4. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  41. ↑ "About Jacobs Florentine". Jacobs Florentine. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  42. ↑ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 3. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  43. ↑ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  44. ↑ "By-election Results". The New Zealand Herald. LV (17038). 20 December 1918. p. 4. Retrieved 24 August 2015.
  45. ↑ Hughes, Beryl. "Helen Priscilla Crabb". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
  46. ↑ "The General Election, 1899". Wellington: Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives. 19 June 1900. p. 2. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
  47. ↑ "The General Election, 1890". National Library. 1891. Retrieved 25 February 2012.

References

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