Palaeonisciformes

Palaeonisciformes Temporal range: Late Silurian–Late Cretaceous PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N

Platysomus gibbosus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Subphylum:	Vertebrata
Infraphylum:	Gnathostomata
Superclass:	Osteichthyes
Class:	Actinopterygii
Subclass:	Chondrostei^[1]
Order:	Palaeonisciformes Hay 1902
Families
Palaeoniscidae Vogt 1852

The Palaeonisciformes are an extinct order of early ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii) which began in the Late Silurian and ended in the Late Cretaceous. The name of the order is derived from the Greek words paleo (ancient) and ὀνίσκος (oniskos or woodlouse), probably pertaining to the organization of the fishes' scales, similar to the exoskeletal plating of woodlice.

Classification

Acropholis stensioei fossil at the Geological Museum in Copenhagen

It is not a natural group, but is instead a paraphyletic assemblage of the early members of several ray-finned fish lineages. It has traditionally encompassed most Paleozoic actinopterygians, except those that exhibit strange body forms (such as the deep-bodied Platysomoidea, or those assigned definitively to any of the living groups of ray-finned fishes.

Andreolepis hedei has proven so far to be the earliest-known actinopterygiian, living around 420 million years ago (Late Silurian in Russia, Sweden, Estonia, and Latvia. Actinopterygians underwent an extensive diversification during the Carboniferous, after the end-Devonian Hangenberg extinction.

Taxonomy

Order †Palaeonisciformes Hay 1902 sensu stricto [Palaeoniscida Moy-Thomas & Miles 1971]^[2]^[3]^[4]
- Family †Palaeoniscidae Vogt 1852
  - Genera ?†Agecephalichthys Wade 1935
    - Species †Agecephalichthys granulatus Wade 1935
  - Genera ?†Cryphaeiolepis Traquair 1881
    - Species †Cryphaeiolepis scutata Traquair 1881
  - Genera ?†Cteniolepidotrichia Poplin & Su 1992
    - Species †Cteniolepidotrichia turfanensis Poplin & Su 1992
  - Genera ?†Duwaichthys Liu et al. 1990
    - Species †Duwaichthys mirabilis Liu et al. 1990
  - Genera ?†Ferganiscus Sytchevskaya & Yakolev 1999
    - Species †Ferganiscus osteolepis Sytchevskaya & Yakolev 1999
  - Genera ?†Shuniscus Su 1983
    - Species †Shuniscus longianalis Su 1983
  - Genera ?†Suchonichthys Minich 2001
    - Species †Suchonichthys molini Minich 2001
  - Genera ?†Trachelacanthus Fischer De Waldheim 1850
    - Species †Trachelacanthus stschurovskii Fischer De Waldheim 1850
  - Genera ?†Triassodus Su 1984
    - Species †Triassodus yanchangensis Su 1984
  - Genera ?†Turfania Liu & Martínez 1973
    - Species †T. taoshuyuanensis Liu & Martínez 1973
    - Species †T. varta Wang 1979
  - Genera ?†Turgoniscus Jakovlev 1968
    - Species †Turgoniscus reissi Jakovlev 1968
  - Genera ?†Xingshikous Liu 1988
    - Species †Xingshikous xishanensis Liu 1988
  - Genera ?†Yaomoshania Poplin et al. 1991
    - Species †Yaomoshania minutosquama Poplin et al. 1991
  - Genera †Gyrolepis Agassiz 1833 non Kade 1858
    - Species †G. albertii Agassiz 1833
    - Species †G. gigantea Agassiz 1833
    - Species †G. maxima Agassiz 1833
    - Species †G. quenstedti Dames 1888
    - Species †G. tenuistriata Agassiz 1833
  - Genera †Gyrolepidoides Cabrera 1944
    - Species †G. creyanus Schaeffer 1955
    - Species †G. cuyanus Cabrera 1944
    - Species †G. multistriatus Rusconi 1948
  - Genera †Palaeothrissum Blainville 1818
    - Species †P. elegans Sedgwick 1829
    - Species †P. macrocephalum de Blainville 1818
    - Species †P. magnum de Blainville 1818
  - Genera †Westollia White & MoyThomas 1940 [Lepidopterus Pohlig 1892 non Agassiz 1846]
  - Genera †Palaeoniscum de Blainville 1818 [Palaeoniscus Agassiz 1833 non Von Meyer 1858; Palaeoniscas Rzchak 1881; Eupalaeoniscus Rzchak 1881; Palaeomyzon Weigelt 1930; Geomichthys Sauvage 1888]
    - Species †P. angustum (Rzehak 1881) [Palaeoniscas angustus Rzehak 1881]
    - Species †P. antipodeum (Egerton 1864) [Palaeoniscus antipodeus Egerton 1864]
    - Species †P. antiquum Williams 1886
    - Species †P. arenaceum Berger 1832
    - Species †P. capense (Bloom 1913) [Palaeoniscus capensis Bloom 1913]
    - Species †P. comtum (Agassiz 1833) [Palaeoniscus comtus Agassiz 1833]
    - Species †P. daedalium Yankevich & Minich 1998
    - Species †P. devonicum Clarke 1885
    - Species †P. elegans (Sedgwick 1829) [Palaeoniscus elegans Sedgwick 1829]
    - Species †P. freieslebeni Blainville 1818 [Eupalaeoniscus freieslebeni (de Brainville 1818); Palaeoniscus freieslebeni (de Brainville 1818)]
    - Species †P. hassiae (Jaekel 1898) [Galeocerdo contortus hassiae Jaekel 1898; Palaeomyzon hassiae (Jaekel 1898)]
    - Species †P. kasanense Geinitz & Vetter 1880
    - Species †P. katholitzkianum (Rzehak 1881) [Palaeoniscas katholitzkianus Rzehak 1881]
    - Species †P. landrioti (le Sauvage 1890) [Palaeoniscus landrioti le Sauvage 1890]
    - Species †P. longissimum (Agassiz 1833) [Palaeoniscus longissimus Agassiz 1833]
    - Species †P. macrophthalmum (McCoy 1855) [Palaeoniscus macrophthalmus McCoy 1855]
    - Species †P. magnum (Woodward 1937) [Palaeoniscus magnus Woodward 1937]
    - Species †P. moravicum (Rzehak 1881) [Palaeoniscas moravicus Rzehak 1881]
    - Species †P. promtu (Rzehak 1881) [Palaeoniscas promtus Rzehak 1881]
    - Species †P. reticulatum Williams 1886
    - Species †P. scutigerum Newberry 1868
    - Species †P. vratislavensis (Agassiz 1833) [Palaeoniscus vratislavensis Agassiz 1833]

Incertae sedis

Families that at one time or another were placed in Palaeonisciformes:

†Acropholidae Kazantseva-Selezneva 1977
†Atherstoniidae Gardiner 1969
†Brazilichthyidae Cox & Hutchinson 1991
†Centrolepididae Gardier 1960
†Coccolepididae Berg 1940 corrig.
†Commentryidae Gardiner 1963
†Cryphiolepididae MoyThomas 1939 corrig.
†Dwykiidae Gardiner 1969
†Holuridae Moy-Thomas 1939
†Igornichthyidae Heyler 1977
†Irajapintoseidae Beltan 1978
†Monesedeiphidae Beltan 1989
†Rhabdolepididae Gardiner 1963
†Stegotrachelidae Gardiner 1963
†Thrissonotidae Berg 1955
†Tienshaniscidae Lu & Chen 2010
†Turseodontidae Bock 1959 corrig.
†Uighuroniscidae Jin 1996
†Urosthenidae Woodward 1931

Timeline of genera

References

↑ "Palaeonisciformes". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved November 17, 2012.
↑ Haaramo, Mikko (2007). "Actinopterygii - Ray-finned Fishes". Mikko's Phylogeny Archive. Retrieved 30 December 2016.
↑ Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118342336.
↑ van der Laan, Richard (2016). "Family-group names of fossil fishes".

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Palaeonisciformes.

Märss, Tiiu (2001). "Andreolepis (Actinopterygii) in the Upper Silurian of northern Eurasia" (PDF, 1.4 MB). Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences. Geology. 50 (3): 174–189. ISSN 1736-6046.
Gardiner, Brian; Schaeffer, Bobb; Masserie, Judy A. (August 2005). "A review of lower actinopterygian phylogeny". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 144 (4): 511–525. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00181.x.
Sallan, Lauren Cole; Coates, Michael I. (1 June 2010). "End-Devonian extinction and a bottleneck in the early evolution of modern jawed vertebrates". PNAS. 107 (22): 10131–10135. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10710131S. PMC 2890420 . PMID 20479258. doi:10.1073/pnas.0914000107.
Palaeonisciformes at University of Bristol
Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. ISBN 978-0-87710-450-6. ISSN 0007-5779. Archived from the original on 2011-07-23. Retrieved 2012-03-06.

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