Pa-O National Liberation Army

Pa-O National Liberation Army
ပအိုဝ်းအမျိုးသားလွတ်မြောက်ရေးတပ်မတော်
Participant in the Internal conflict in Myanmar

Flag of the Pa-O people, used by the PNLA
Active Modern: 2009 (2009)–present
Post-independence: 1949 (1949)–1976 (1976)
Ideology Pa-O nationalism
Separatism
Leaders Khun Okka[1]
Khun Myint Tun
Khun Thurein
Aung Kyaw[2]
Headquarters Camp Laybwer, Shan State, Myanmar
Area of operations Shan State
Myanmar-Thailand border
Size 400+[2][3]
Originated as Pa-O National Liberation Army
Opponents

 Myanmar

Union of Myanmar (until 2011)
Battles and wars Internal conflict in Myanmar

The Pa-O National Liberation Army (Burmese: ပအိုဝ်းအမျိုးသားလွတ်မြောက်ရေးတပ်မတော်; abbreviated PNLA) is a Pa-O insurgent group in Myanmar (Burma). It is the armed wing of the Pa-O National Liberation Organisation.[2][3] The PNLA, along with other smaller Pa-O military groups, administers the Pa-O Self-Administered Zone, which consists of three townships in southern Shan State: Hopong, Hsi Hseng, and Pinlaung townships.[4]

The PNLA signed a "Five-Point State-Level Agreement"[5] and an "Eight-Point Union-Level Agreement"[6] with the government of Myanmar on 25 August 2012.

History

From 7–9 December 2009, a Pa-O National Conference was held in the Pa-O Self-Administered Zone, and the Pa-O People's Liberation Organization (PPLO), led by Colonel Khun Okkar, and Shan State Nationalities People's Liberation Organization, led by Brigadier General Khun Ti Soung, merged together and established the Pa-O National Liberation Army (PNLA) and its political wing, the Pa-O National Liberation Organisation (PNLO). Group leaders then drafted the PNLO constitution, which became the de facto constitution for the Pa-O SAZ.[2] Attendees of the conference included members of the Pa-O Youth Organization, the Pa-Oh Labor Union and individuals such as U Khun Myint Tun (Thaton MP in the 1990 general election) and Khun Tin Swe (member of the NCUB). Khun Okker was elected as chairman, and Khun Ti Soung as vice-chairman. The founding members chose the name Pa-O National Liberation Army (PNLO) to honour the former PNLO's start of and commitment to the "third revolution".[2]

The first PNLO/A congress was held at Laybwer military camp on 16 May 2013, and concluded on 20 May 2013. New central committee members were elected, and Khun Myint Tun was appointed the new chairman. Previous chairmen Khun Okker and Khun Ti Soung have since become patrons.[2]

Ceasefire agreements

On 25 August 2012, the government and PNLA agreed on a "Five-Point State-Level Agreement"[5] and an "Eight-Point Union-Level Agreement".[6]

The state level peacemaking groups and the PNLA agreed with the following five points:[5]

The Union Peacemaking Work Committee and the PNLA agreed with the following eight points:[6]

References

  1. ↑ "Myanmar Creates Team to Manage Donor Funds For Peace Efforts". Radio Free Asia. Retrieved 11 January 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "PNLO". Myanmar Peace Monitor.
  3. 1 2 "Armed ethnic groups". Myanmar Peace Monitor.
  4. ↑ South, Ashley (2008). Ethnic Politics in Burma: States of Conflict. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 122–124. ISBN 0-203-89519-3.
  5. 1 2 3 "Five-Point State-Level Agreement with the Pa-O National Liberation Organization". Burma Partnership. New Light of Myanmar (original). 27 August 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 "Eight-Point Union-Level Agreement with the Pa-O National Liberation Organization". Burma Partnership. New Light of Myanmar (original). 27 August 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2016.
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