Outline of relationships
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The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to interpersonal relationships.
Interpersonal relationship – association between two or more people; this association may be based on limerence, love, solidarity, regular business interactions, or some other type of social commitment. Interpersonal relationships are formed in the context of social, cultural, and other influences.
Essence of relationships
- Social relations – relationship between two (i.e. a dyad), three (i.e. a triad) or more individuals (i.e. members of a social group). Social relations, derived from individual agency, form the basis of social structure.
- Social actions – acts which take into account the actions and reactions of individuals (or 'agents'). According to Max Weber, "an action is 'social' if the acting individual takes account of the behavior of others and is thereby oriented in its course" (Secher 1962).
Types of relationships
Membership in a social group
Social group – consists of two or more humans who interact with one another, share similar characteristics and collectively have a sense of unity.[1] By this definition, a society can be viewed as a large group, though most social groups are considerably smaller.
- Dyad – group of two people. "Dyadic" is an adjective used to describe this type of communication/interaction. A dyad is the smallest possible social group.
- Triad – group of three people. Less stable than dyads because two will tend to unite against the other one.
Household membership
A table of relationships displays the relationships amongst relatives.
Household – one or more persons who share main residence, and share meals or living space[2]
- Single person –
- Family –
- Extended family –
- Grandparent –
- Grandfather –
- Grandmother –
- Grandson–
- Granddaughter–
- Uncle –
- Aunt –
- Cousin –
- Nephew –
- Niece –
- Family-in-law –
- Complex family –
- Stepfamily –
- Dysfunctional family –
- Kinship –
- Household change –
- Household aspects –
Peer group membership
Organization membership
An organization is a social group which distributes tasks for a collective goal. There are a variety of legal types of organizations, including:
- Corporations –
- Governments –
- Non-governmental organizations –
- International organizations –
- Armed forces –
- Charitable organizations –
- Not-for-profit corporations –
- Partnerships –
- Cooperatives –
- Universities –
Community membership
- Citizenship – membership in a country or nation.
- Neighbor – member of a neighborhood.
- Member of society – a society is a body of individuals outlined by the bounds of functional interdependence, possibly comprising characteristics such as national or cultural identity, social solidarity, language, or hierarchical organization.
Intimate relationships
- Cohabitation – living together without being married.
- Committed relationship – interpersonal relationship based upon a mutually agreed-upon commitment to one another involving exclusivity, honesty, trust or some other agreed-upon behavior. The term is most commonly used with informal relationships, such as "going steady," but may encompass any relationship where an expressed commitment is involved.
- Close friendship –
- Courtship –
- Long-term relationship (LTR) –
- Engagement –
- Marriage –
- Marriage partners –
- Types of marriage –
- Civil union –
- Domestic partnership –
- Familial relationship – relationship between members of a family. Family members tend to form close personal relationships. See family section above.
- Friendship –
- Extramarital affair –
- Love–hate relationship –
- Polyamorous relationship –
- Non-monogamy –
- Polygamous relationship – having multiple long-term sexual partners.
- Polyandry – having multiple long-term male sexual partners.
- Polygyny – having multiple long-term female sexual partners.
- Polyfidelity –
- Polygynandry –
- Romantic friendship –
- Relationship anarchy –
- Same-sex relationship –-A relationship between two people of same sex.
- Casual relationship –
- Female-led relationship – woman or wife led relationship (FLR)
Professional relationships
Relations (relationship activities)
- Conflict resolution –
- Human bonding –
- Interpersonal communication –
- Personal relationship skills –
- Relationship education –
- Social rejection –
- Wedding –
Relationship formation
Human mating is the process whereby an individual seeks out another individual with the intention of forming a long-term intimate relationship or marriage, but sometimes for casual relationship or friendship.
- Personal advertisement –
- Meet market –
- Flirting –
- Singles event –
- Courtship –
- Dating –
- Endogamy – the practice of marrying within a specific ethnic group, class, or social group, rejecting all others; in contrast to exogamy.
- Hypergamy – act or practice of seeking a spouse of higher socioeconomic status, or caste status than oneself;[3] in contrast to hypogamy.
Sexual relations
Dysfunctional relations
- Dysfunctional family –
- Relational transgression – violation of implicit or explicit relational rules.
Abusive relations
- Child abuse –
- Elder abuse –
- Dating abuse –
- Domestic violence –
- Infidelity – breach of the expectation of sexual exclusivity. Also called "cheating".
- Nagging –
- Spousal abuse –
End of a relationship
- Breaking up –
- Divorce –
- Legal separation –
- Widowhood –
Reasons for ending a relationship
- Dysfunctional relations – see Dysfunctional relations section above.
- Irreconcilable differences –
- Relational transgression – violation of implicit or explicit relational rules.
Theories of interpersonal relations
- Socionics – theory of intertype relations[4] incorporating Carl Jung's work on personality types with Antoni Kępiński's theory of information metabolism.
- Attachment theory – describes the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans. Its most important tenet is that an infant needs to develop a relationship with at least one primary caregiver for social and emotional development to occur normally.
- Social exchange theory – Social exchange theory is a social psychological and sociological perspective that explains social change and stability as a process of negotiated exchanges between parties. Social exchange theory posits that human relationships are formed by the use of a subjective cost-benefit analysis and the comparison of alternatives.
Relationship characteristics
Aspects of relationships include:
- Attachment in adults –
- Attachment in children –
- Interpersonal attraction – force acting between two people that tends to draw them together and resist their separation, which leads to friendships and romantic relationships. It is distinct from physical attraction.
- New relationship energy (NRE) – state of mind experienced at the beginning of most significant sexual and romantic relationships, typically involving heightened emotional and sexual receptivity and excitement. It begins with the earliest attractions, grows into full force when mutuality is established, and slowly fades over months to years.
Stages of a relationship
- Stages presented in George Levinger's relationship model:
- Acquaintance
- Buildup
- Continuation
- Deterioration
- Termination
Feelings and emotions
- Love
- Romance –
- Compersion –
- Intimacy –
- Jealousy –
- Limerence –
- Passion –
- Platonic love –
- Psychology of sexual monogamy –
- Unconditional love –
Sexual orientation
- Bisexual –
- Heterosexual –
- Homosexual –
- Asexual –
- Pansexual –
- Romantic orientation – aromanticism, homoromanticism, heteroromanticism, biromanticism, panromanticism
Relationship partners
Terms for partners in intimate relationships include:
- Boyfriend/Girlfriend
- Confidant or confidante
- Family member
- Friend or Companion
- Life partner/Partner
- Spouse
- Mistress
- Soulmate –
- Significant other
- Sexual partner –
Relationship management
Relationship intervention
Relationship development
Terms for people who want to develop their relationships include:
- People skills –
- Communications training –
- Emotional intelligence –
- Emotional literacy –
- Social intelligence –
- Social skills –
- Socionics
Lacking an intimate relationship
Romance and intimacy
- Courtship –
- Romance –
- Intimacy –
- Physical intimacy
- Touching
- Cuddling
- Arm around shoulder
- Arms around abdomen
- Head on shoulder
- Head on lap
- Hugging
- Eye contact
- Holding hands
- Kissing
- Nuzzling
- Emotional intimacy
Other
- Emotional contagion – tendency to catch and feel emotions that are similar to and influenced by those of others.
- Casual relationship – sexual relationship without the extra commitments of a more formal romantic relationship.
- Relational disorder – mental disorder attributable to a relationship rather than to any one individual in the relationship.
- Emotional tyranny –
- Equal power relationship –
- Fear of commitment –
- Friend zone –
- Internet relationship –
- Quality time –
- Reciprocal liking –
- Respect –
- Sexual capital –
- Term of endearment –
- Roommate –
- Interpersonal attraction –
- Broken heart –
- Long-distance relationship –
- Marriage – a socially binding commitment to a partner
- Female-led relationship – romantic commitment where the woman is the lead and/or principle partner; often referred to as an FLR
- Sexual infidelity – having a sexual relationship outside of a relationship that includes a commitment to have no other sexual partners
- Sexual fidelity – not having other sexual partners other than one's committed partner, even temporarily
- Serial monogamy – having a series of monogamous relationships, one after the other
- Polyamory – encompasses a wide range of relationships, including those above: polyamorous relationships may include both committed and casual relationships
- Relationship anarchy – a theory that questions the idea of love as a special, limited feeling that is only real if it is restricted to two people only, at any given moment.
- Sexual promiscuity – having casual sexual partners at will (compare with chastity)
- Affection –
- Casual dating –
- Kiss –
- Kissing traditions –
- Emotional intimacy –
- Female bonding –
- Life partner –
- Limbic regulation –
- Limbic resonance –
- Limbic revision –
- MHC in sexual mate selection –
See also
References
- ↑ "Social Groups." Cliffsnotes.com. Accessed June 2011.
- ↑ Haviland, W. A. (2003). Anthropology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
- ↑ http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/hypergamy
- ↑ Аугустинавичюте А. (1996). Социон, или Основы соционики. Соционика, ментология и психология личности, 4-5. (In Russian. Title can be translated as Augustinavichiute A. (1996). The Socion, or Socionics Basics. Socionics, Mentology, and Personality Psychology, 4-5).
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