Outline of nutrition
The following outline is provided as an overview of and a topical guide to nutrition.
Nutrition is the study of the relationship between diet and states of health and disease. The scope of nutrition science ranges from malnutrition to optimal health. Many common symptoms and diseases can often be prevented or alleviated with better nutrition. It is also called nutrition science.
Essence of nutrition
Branches of nutrition
- Nutrigenomics
- Nutrition physiology
- Prenatal nutrition
- Sports nutrition
History of nutrition
Nutrients
Macronutrients
Water
Protein
Amino acids
- Standard amino acids
- Alanine
- Arginine
- Aspartic acid (aspartate)
- Asparagine
- Cystine
- Glutamic acid (glutamate)
- Glutamine
- Glycine
- Histidine
- Isoleucine (branched chain amino acid)
- Leucine (branched chain amino acid)
- Lysine
- Methionine
- Phenylalanine
- Proline
- Serine
- Threonine
- Tryptophan
- Tyrosine
- Valine (branched chain amino acid)
- Other amino acids
Fat
Saturated fats
- Butyric acid
- Caproic acid
- Caprylic acid
- Capric acid
- Lauric acid
- Myristic acid
- Pentadecanoic acid
- Palmitic acid
- Heptadec acid
- Stearic acid
- Arachidic acid
- Behenic acid
- Tetracos acid
Monounsaturated fats
- Myristol
- Pentadecenoic
- Palmitol
- Heptadecenoic
- Oleic acid
- Eicosen
- Erucic acid
- Nervonic acid
Polyunsaturated fats
- Linoleic acid
- Linolenic acid
- Stearidon
- Eicosatrienoic
- Arachidon
- Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) – an essential fatty acid
- Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA)
- Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) – an essential fatty acid
Essential fatty acids
- Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)
- Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)
Other fats
Fat substitutes
Carbohydrates
Dietary fiber
Sugars
Sugar substitutes
- Artificial sugar substitutes
- Acesulfame-K
- Acesulfame potassium – 200 times the sweetness (by weight), Nutrinova, E950, FDA approved 2003
- Alitame – 2,000 times the sweetness (by weight), Pfizer, pending FDA approval
- Aspartame – 160–200 times the sweetness (by weight), NutraSweet, E951, FDA approved 1981
- Cyclamate – 30 times the sweetness (by weight), Abbott, E952, FDA banned 1969, pending re-approval
- Dulcin – 250 times the sweetness (by weight), FDA banned 1950
- Neohesperidine dihydrochalcone – 1,500 times the sweetness (by weight), E959
- Neotame – 8,000 times the sweetness (by weight), NutraSweet, FDA approved 2002
- P-4000 – 4,000 times the sweetness (by weight), FDA banned 1950
- Saccharin – 300 times the sweetness (by weight), E954, FDA approved 1958
- Sucralose – 600 times the sweetness (by weight), Tate & Lyle, FDA approved 1998
- Natural sugar substitutes
- Brazzein – Protein, 2,000 times the sweetness of sucrose (by weight)
- Curculin – Protein, 550 times the sweetness (by weight)
- Erythritol – 0.7 times the sweetness (by weight), 14 times the sweetness of sucrose (by food energy), 0.05 times the energy density of sucrose
- Fructose
- Glycyrrhizin – 50 times the sweetness (by weight)
- Glycerol – 0.6 times the sweetness (by weight), 0.55 times the sweetness (by food energy), 1.075 times the energy density, E422
- Hydrogenated starch hydrolysates – 0.4–0.9 times the sweetness (by weight), 0.5–1.2 times the sweetness (by food energy), 0.75 times the energy density
- Isomalt – 0.45–0.65 times the sweetness (by weight), 0.9–1.3 times the sweetness (by food energy), 0.5times the energy density, E953
- Lactitol – 0.4 times the sweetness (by weight), 0.8 times the sweetness (by food energy), 0.5 times the energy density, E966
- Mabinlin – Protein, 100 times the sweetness (by weight)
- Maltitol – 0.9 times the sweetness (by weight), 1.7times the sweetness (by food energy), 0.525times the energy density, E965
- Mannitol – 0.5 times the sweetness (by weight), 1.2times the sweetness (by food energy), 0.4times the energy density, E421
- Miraculin – Protein, ntimes the sweetness (by weight)
- Monellin – Protein, 3,000 times the sweetness (by weight)
- Pentadin – Protein, 500 times the sweetness (by weight)
- Sorbitol – 0.6 times the sweetness (by weight), 0.9 times the sweetness (by food energy), 0.65times the energy density, E420
- Stevia – 250 times the sweetness (by weight)
- Tagatose – 0.92 times the sweetness (by weight), 2.4 times the sweetness (by food energy), 0.38 times the energy density
- Thaumatin – Protein, 2,000 times the sweetness (by weight), E957
- Xylitol – 1.0 times the sweetness (by weight), 1.7 times the sweetness (by food energy), 0.6 times the energy density, E967
Micronutrients
Vitamins
- Avitaminosis (vitamin deficiency)
- Multivitamin
- Vitamin A (retinol)
- Vitamin B complex
- Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
- Vitamin D IU=mcg
- Vitamin E (tocopherol) IU=mg
- Vitamin K
- Biotin
- Carotenoids
- Folate (DFE)
Minerals
- Boron
- Calcium
- Chloride
- Chromium
- Copper
- Fluoride
- Iodine
- Iron
- Magnesium
- Manganese
- Molybdenum
- Phosphorus
- Potassium
- Selenium
- Sodium
- Zinc
Organic acids
Foods
Pyramid groups
Qualities of food
- Diet food
- Fast food (see also Slow food)
- Frozen food
- Functional food
- Junk food
- Local food
- Organic food
- Raw food
- Slow food (see also Fast food)
- Taboo food and drink
General nutrition concepts
- Adaptogen
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
- Adrenal exhaustion
- Advanced glycation endproduct
- Amino acid
- Appetite
- Artificial flavors
- Artificial sweeteners
- Avitaminosis
- Biosafety
- Blood sugar
- Body fat percentage
- Body mass index (BMI)
- branched chain amino acids (BCAA)
- Breakfast
- Calorie
- Calorie restriction
- Carbohydrate
- Carcinogen
- Cholesterol
- Chronic toxicity
- Codex Alimentarius
- Cognitive enhancer
- Complex carbohydrate
- Compulsive overeaters
- Daily value (DV)
- Dairy product
- Danger zone
- Deficiency disease
- Deep frying
- Detoxification
- Diabetes
- Diet
- Digestion
- Digestive system
- Digestive tract
- Dinner
- Dose
- Drug
- DV (daily value)
- Eating disorders
- ECA stack
- Empty calorie
- Energy drink
- Enzymes
- Ergogenic aids
- Essential
- EFA (essential fatty acid)
- Essential fatty acids
- Fat soluble vitamins
- Fad diet
- Famine
- Fat
- Flavonoids
- Fiber, dietary
- Exercise
- Food
- Food additive
- Food allergy
- Food and cooking hygiene
- Food and Nutrition Service
- Food bank
- Foodborne illness
- Food craving
- Food energy
- Food faddism
- Food guide pyramid
- Food groups
- Food labelling regulations
- Food politics
- Food pyramid
- Food preservation
- Food preservatives
- Food processing
- Food processor
- Food quality
- Food Safety and Inspection Service
- Food Salvage
- Food science
- Food security
- Food sensitivity
- Food Stamp Program
- Food Standards Agency (UK)
- Food storage
- Food supplements
- Food technology
- Free radical
- Freezer burn
- French paradox
- Frozen food
- Fruit
- Functional food
- General Fitness Training
- Genetically modified food
- Glucose (monosaccharide)
- Glucose meter
- Glucose tolerance
- Glycemic index
- Glycemic load
- Glycogen
- Growth hormone
- HDL (high density lipoprotein cholesterol)
- Health
- Healthy weight
- Herb
- High density lipoprotein cholesterol
- Human nutrition
- Hypoglycemia
- Ideal weight
- Illnesses related to poor nutrition
- Incompatible Food Triad
- Inflammation
- Insulin
- Irradiation
- Isoflavones
- Kilojoule
- Lactoferrin
- Life extension
- Lipotropic nutrients
- Local food
- Meat
- Megadosing
- Megavitamin therapy
- Micronutrient
- Mineral
- Monounsaturated fat
- Multimineral
- Multinutrient
- Mutagen
- Nootropic
- Nutraceutical
- Nutrient
- Nutrient density
- Nutrigenomics
- Nutrition
- Nutritional facts label
- Nutritional genomics
- Nutrition and pregnancy
- Nutrition Labeling and Education Act
- Nutrition physiology
- Nutrition taboos
- Obesity
- Optimal weight
- Organic acid
- Organic food
- Orthomolecular medicine
- Overweight
- Pasteurization
- Phytochemicals
- Phytonutrients
- Prenatal nutrition
- Preventive medicine
- Prohormone
- Prostaglandins
- Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA)
- Reference Daily Intake (RDI)
- Salad bar
- Saturated fat
- Seed
- Simple carbohydrate
- Somatotropin
- Snap freezing
- Spice
- Starch
- Sugar
- Sulfate
- Sulfite
- Supplement, dietary
- Sweetener
- Teratogen
- Thermogenics
- Toxicology
- Toxicity
- Toxins
- Trans fat / Trans-fatty acids
- Triglycerides
- Vacuum evaporation
- Vegetable
Diets and dieting
- Bodybuilding nutrition
- Calorie restriction
- Cognitive enhancement nutrition
- Dietary supplement
- Fruitarianism
- Life extension nutrition
- Low-carbohydrate diet
- Prenatal nutrition
- Raw food diet
- Sports nutrition
- Vegetarianism
- Weight loss
- Yo-yo dieting
Nutrition problems
- Avitaminosis (vitamin deficiency)
- Nutrition transition
Behavioral problems
Nutrition politics
Organizations
Nutrition scholars
Nutrition lists
- List of antioxidants in food
- B vitamins
- List of diets
- List of food additives
- List of foods by protein content
- List of foods named after people
- List of fruits
- List of herbs and spices
- List of illnesses related to poor nutrition
- List of meat animals
- List of macronutrients
- List of micronutrients
- List of nootropics
- List of phytochemicals in food
- List of edible seeds
- List of herbs and spices
- List of vegetables
See also
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References
External links
- Diet, Nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases by a Joint WHO/FAO Expert consultation (2003)
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Frequently asked questions
Databases and search engines
- Nutrition Data Calculators
- Compare the nutrients in 100 calories of any two foods
- Nutrition Data
- Recipe Nutrition - extends USDA database with friendly names for common ingredients, recipe nutrition calculator and additional specialized ingredients
- USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Search By Food
- USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Nutrient Lists Search By Nutrient
- Nutritional Status Assessment and Analysis: E-Learning Course from FAO
Governmental agencies and intergovernmental bodies
- UN Standing Committee on Nutrition - In English, French and Portuguese
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