Mount Osore

Osore-zan Bodai-ji
恐山 菩提寺

Grounds of Bodai-ji
Location in Japan
Mount Osore
Location in Japan
Mount Osore
Basic information
Location 3-2 Tanabu Usoriyama, Mutsu-shi, Aomori-ken
Geographic coordinates 41°19′37.39″N 141°5′24.97″E / 41.3270528°N 141.0902694°E / 41.3270528; 141.0902694
Affiliation Buddhism
Deity Jizō Bosatsu
Sect Sōtō Zen
Country Japan
Architectural description
Founder Ennin
Date established 862
Osore Volcano

Mount Osore (恐山, Osore-zan) is the name of a Buddhist temple and folk religion pilgrimage destination in the center of remote Shimokita Peninsula of Aomori Prefecture, in the northern Tohoku region of northern Japan. The temple is located in the caldera of an active volcano and is believed in Japanese mythology to be one of the gates to the underworld.

Mount Osore volcano

The mountain is one peak of the Osozezan Mountain Range (恐山山地, Osore Sanchi), a series of eight somma volcanos ranging from east to west in the centre of Shimokita Peninsula. Mount Osore has a height of 879 metres (2,884 ft). Although Mount Osore last erupted over 10,000 years ago,[1] the area has many fumaroles emitting steam and/or volcanic gases (especially sulfur dioxide) indicating that it is still an active volcano. Lake Usori is a caldera lake at the center of Mount Osore, with highly acidic waters.

During the Meiji period, sulphur deposits in the area were exploited, partly to meet the demand for gunpowder production by the growing Japanese military; however the deposits were not economical to mine due to the remoteness of the site and the increasing availability of sulphur as a byproduct of petroleum refining.

Bodai-ji temple and pilgrimage location

The mountain is the location of a Sōtō Zen Buddhist temple, Bodai-ji (菩提寺), which claims to have been founded in 862 AD by the famed monk Ennin, with Jizo Bosatsu as its main image. In popular folk religion, the otherworldly setting of Mount Osore, with its charred landscape of blasted rocks filled with bubbling pits noted for unearthly hues and noxious fumes came to be one of several places in Japan identified to be an entrance to Hell. A small brook running to the neighboring Lake Usori was equated to the Sanzu River, a river that deceased souls need to cross of their way to the afterlife.

A unique feature of Bodai-ji is the presence of mediums known as itako who claim to summon the souls of the dead and deliver messages in their voices. These mediums were traditionally blind and had to receive extensive spiritual training and purification rituals; however, in modern times their number has dwindled and not all are blind. The temple has a twice-yearly Itako Taisai festival held in summer and autumn.

The temple also maintains a hot spring resort for use by pilgrims and tourists.

In modern culture

The work of contemporary artist Nara Yoshitomo, who is a native of Aomori Prefecture, is believed to be influenced, if at least subconsciously, by Mount Osore (Ivy, 2010). For instance, his piece entitled “Not Everything But/ Green House” depicts a small female child standing over a pile of discarded dolls of varying characteristics and eras much like those observed at Mount Osore.[2]

As part of a collection of fictional fungi, artist Takeshi Yamada created the Oh-dokuro-dake (or “skull mushroom”) and the story surrounding their presence on Mount Osore for his "center for medical mycology" art project.[3]

Notes

  1. ↑ The Smithsonian Museum of Natural History states that an eruption occurred in 1787, but this is not corroborated by Japanese sources
  2. ↑ A picture of this piece while at the Marianne Boesky Gallery in March 2009 may be seen here.
  3. ↑ http://takeshiyamada.weebly.com/center-for-medical-mycology.html

References

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