Acephate

Acephate

Names
IUPAC name N-(Methoxy-methylsulfanylphosphoryl)acetamide
Identifiers
CAS Number	30560-19-1 Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:34520 Y
ChemSpider	1905 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.045.659
KEGG	C14426 Y
PubChem CID	1982
UNII	3Y417O444D Y
InChI InChI=1S/C4H10NO3PS/c1-4(6)5-9(7,8-2)10-3/h1-3H3,(H,5,6,7) Y Key: YASYVMFAVPKPKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C4H10NO3PS/c1-4(6)5-9(7,8-2)10-3/h1-3H3,(H,5,6,7) Key: YASYVMFAVPKPKE-UHFFFAOYAG
SMILES O=C(NP(=O)(OC)SC)C
Properties
Chemical formula	C4H10NO3PS
Molar mass	183.16 g·mol−1
Hazards
GHS hazard statements	[1] H302[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Acephate is an organophosphate foliar insecticide of moderate persistence with residual systemic activity of about 10–15 days at the recommended use rate. It is used primarily for control of aphids, including resistant species, in vegetables (e.g. potatoes, carrots, greenhouse tomatoes, and lettuce) and in horticulture (e.g. on roses and greenhouse ornamentals). It also controls leaf miners, caterpillars, sawflies and thrips in the previously stated crops as well as turf, and forestry. By direct application to mounds, it is effective in destroying imported fire ants.

Acephate is sold as a soluble powder, as emulsifiable concentrates, as pressurized aerosol, and in tree injection systems and granular formulations.

As of 2012, the EPA no longer allows the usage of acephate on green beans grown in the United States.^[2]

Toxicology

It is considered non-phytotoxic on many crop plants. Acephate and its primary metabolite, methamidophos, are toxic to Heliothis spp. that are considered resistant to other organophosphate insecticides. Acephate emits toxic fumes of various oxides of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sulfur when heated to decomposition. Symptoms of exposure to acephate include a slight irritation of eyes and skin.

The U.S. annually uses 4–5 million pounds of acephate. However, even in small quantities, acephate throws off the navigation systems of white-throated sparrows and other songbirds, making them unable to tell north from south.^[3]

References

• U.S. EPA Office of Pesticide Programs.
• Extension Toxicology Network. Pesticide Information Profiles.
• Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Oregon State University, the University of Idaho, and the University of California at Davis.
• Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University.

External links

• Acephate General Fact Sheet - National Pesticide Information Center
• Acephate Pesticide Information Profile - Extension Toxicology Network
• EPA Acephate Reregistration Eligibility Decision
• Acephate in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)