Oregon wine

Oregon
Wine region
Official name State of Oregon
Type U.S. state
Years of wine industry 1965–present
Country  USA
Sub-regions Applegate Valley AVA, Chehalem Mountains AVA, Columbia Gorge AVA, Columbia Valley AVA, Dundee Hills AVA, Elkton Oregon AVA, Eola-Amity Hills AVA, McMinnville AVA, Red Hill Douglas County, Oregon AVA, Ribbon Ridge AVA, The Rocks District of Milton-Freewater AVA, Rogue Valley AVA, Snake River Valley AVA, Southern Oregon AVA, Umpqua Valley AVA, Walla Walla Valley AVA, Willamette Valley AVA, Yamhill-Carlton District AVA
Climate region I-III (Maritime/continental/Mediterranean)
Total area 98,466 square miles (255,026 km2)
Size of planted vineyards Over 28,034 acres (11,345 ha) (2015)[1]
No. of vineyards 1052 (2015)[1]
Grapes produced Albariño, Aligoté, Arneis, Auxerrois Blanc, Baco noir, Barbera, Black Muscat, Blaufränkisch, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Caprettone, Carménère, Cayuga, Chardonnay, Chasselas, Chenin blanc, Coda di Volpe, Counoise, Dolcetto, Early Muscat, Ehrenfelser, Fiano, Frontenac, Gamay noir, Gewurztraminer, Graciano, Grenache, Grenache blanc, Gruner Veltliner, Huxelrebe, Kerner, La Crosse, La Crescent, Lagrein, Leon Millot, Malbec, Marechal Foch, Malvasia, Marquette, Marsanne, Melon, Merlot, Mondeuse noire, Montepulciano, Mourvèdre, Muller Thurgau, Muscat Canelli, Muscat Ottonel, Nebbiolo, Niagara, Petit Verdot, Pinot blanc, Pinot gris, Pinot Meunier, Pinot noir, Pinotage, Riesling, Petit Manseng, Petite Sirah, Roussanne, Sangiovese, Sauvignon blanc, Scheurebe, Sémillon, St Croix, St. Laurent, Sylvaner, Syrah, Tannat, Tempranillo, Teroldego, Tinta Amarela, Tinta Cao, Tocai Friulano, Touriga Nacional, Traminette, Trousseau, Verdejo, Vermentino, Vignoles, Viognier, Zinfandel[2]
Varietals produced 81
No. of wineries 702 (2015)[1]

The state of Oregon in the United States has established an international reputation for its production of wine, ranking fourth in the country behind California, Washington, and New York. Oregon has several different growing regions within the state's borders that are well-suited to the cultivation of grapes; additional regions straddle the border between Oregon and the states of Washington and Idaho. Wine making dates back to pioneer times in the 1840s, with commercial production beginning in the 1960s.

American Viticultural Areas entirely within the state are the Willamette Valley AVA (with 6 nested-AVAs) and the Southern Oregon AVA with (5 nested-AVAs). Parts of the Columbia Gorge, Walla Walla Valley, and Snake River Valley AVAs lie within Oregon. Pinot noir and Pinot gris are the top two grapes grown, with over 66,041 short tons (59,911 t) harvested in 2015.[1] Oregon winemakers sold just over 3 million cases in 2015.[1]

With 702 wineries[1] in Oregon, a tourism industry has developed around wine tasting. Much of the tourism focuses on the wineries and tasting rooms in and around the Yamhill Valley southwest of Portland. It is estimated that enotourism contributed USD $207.5 million to the state economy in 2013[3] excluding sales at wineries and tasting rooms.

History

Wine has been produced in Oregon since the Oregon Territory was settled in the 1840s; however, winemaking has only been a significant industry in the state since the 1960s. Grapes were first planted in the Oregon Territory in 1847. Valley View,the first recorded winery, was established by Peter Britt[4] in the late 1850s in Jacksonville. Throughout the 19th century, there was experimentation with various varietals by immigrants to the state. In 1904, an Oregon winemaker won a prize at the St. Louis World's Fair. Wine production stopped in the United States during Prohibition. As in other states, the Oregon wine industry lay dormant for thirty years after Prohibition was repealed.[5][6]

David Lett of Eyrie Vineyards.

The Oregon wine industry started to rebuild in the 1960s, when California winemakers opened several vineyards in the state.[6] By 1970, there were five commercial wineries, with 35 recorded acres (14 ha).[7]

This included the planting of Pinot noir grapes in the Willamette Valley, a region long thought too cold to be suitable for viticulture. In the 1970s, more out-of-state winemakers migrated to the state and started to organize as an industry. The state's land use laws had prevented rural hillsides from being turned into housing tracts, preserving a significant amount of land suitable for vineyards. In 1979, The Eyrie Vineyards entered a 1975 Pinot noir in the Wine Olympics; the wine was rated among the top Pinots in the world, thus gaining the region its first international recognition.[6]

The accolades continued into the 1980s, and the Oregon wine industry continued to add both wineries and vineyards. The state industry continued to market itself, establishing the first of several AVAs (American Viticulture Areas) in the state. The state also grew strong ties with the Burgundy region of France, as Oregon's governor Neil Goldschmidt paid an official visit to Burgundy and a leading French winemaking family bought land in Dundee.[5][6]

In the early 1990s, the wine industry was threatened by a Phylloxera infestation in the state, but winemakers quickly turned to the use of resistant rootstocks to prevent any serious damage. The state legislature enacted several new laws designed to promote winemaking and wine distribution. The state found a newfound focus on "green" winemaking, leading the global wine industry into more environmentally friendly practices. In 2005, there were 314 wineries and 519 vineyards in operation in Oregon.[5][6] By 2014, the number of wineries in the state has increased to 676, the 3rd most behind California and Washington. Oregon remains the 4th largest wine producer in the country in cases produced behind New York.[8]

Varieties of wine

Like other wines produced in the United States, Oregon wines are marketed as varietals. Oregon law requires that wines produced in the state must be identified by the grape variety from which it was made, and for most varietals it must contain at least 90% of that variety. The exceptions to the 90% law are the following varietals: Red and White Bordeaux varietals, Red and White Rhône varietals, Sangiovese, Tempranillo, Zinfandel and Tannat. For these wines, they follow the Federal guidelines of 75%.[9] Oregon law has long forbidden use of place names,[10] except as appellations of origin. Oregon is most famous for its Pinot noir, which is produced throughout the state. Pinot noirs from the Willamette Valley have received much critical acclaim from wine connoisseurs and critics, and Oregon is regarded as one of the premier Pinot-producing regions in the world.[11]

In 2015 the top five varieties produced in Oregon were:[1]

Other varieties with significant production by harvested acres in 2015[1] are Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Tempranillo, Viognier, Pinot blanc, Gewürztraminer, Cabernet franc, Zinfandel, Müller-Thurgau, and Sauvignon blanc. V. vinifera based wines produced in smaller quantities include Arneis, Baco noir, Black Muscat, Chenin blanc, Dolcetto, Gamay noir, Grenache, Marechal Foch, Malbec, Muscat, Nebbiolo, Petite Syrah, Sangiovese, and Sémillon. The state also produces sparkling wine, late harvest wine, ice wine, and dessert wine.[12]

Facts and figures

Oregon wine statistics 1995–2015[13][14]
Year Planted

Vineyard Area

# Wineries
crushing
grapes 		Grapes crushed,
tons (US) 		Sales, cases
1995 7,100 acres (2,873 ha) 92 14,280 short tons (12,955 t) 734,437
1996 7,500 acres (3,035 ha) 94 15,191 short tons (13,781 t) 741,953
1997 7,800 acres (3,157 ha) 94 18,669 short tons (16,936 t) 827,312
1998 9,000 acres (3,600 ha) 103 13,265 short tons (12,034 t) 894,386
1999 9,800 acres (3,966 ha) 102 16,523 short tons (14,989 t) 777,890
2000 10,500 acres (4,249 ha) 122 17,663 short tons (16,024 t) 991,770
2001 11,100 acres (4,492 ha) 131 22,163 short tons (20,106 t) 1,082,058
2002 12,100 acres (4,897 ha) 150 20,905 short tons (18,965 t) 1,073,177
2003 13,400 acres (5,423 ha) 170 21,860 short tons (19,831 t) 1,199,086
2004 13,700 acres (5,544 ha) 193 18,620 short tons (16,892 t) 1,286,128
2005 14,100 acres (5,706 ha) 215 23,450 short tons (21,273 t) 1,591,330
2006 15,600 acres (6,300 ha) 236 33,300 short tons (30,200 t) 1,628,608
2007 17,400 acres (7,000 ha) 254 37,000 short tons (34,000 t) 1,711,532
2008 19,300 acres (7,800 ha) 274 34,700 short tons (31,500 t) 1,748,282
2009 19,400 acres (7,900 ha) 275 40,200 short tons (36,500 t) 1,660,202
2010 20,500 acres (8,300 ha) 315 29,800 short tons (27,000 t) 1,930,763
2011 20,400 acres (8,300 ha) 350 42,033 short tons (38,132 t) 2,040,698
2012 22,880 acres (9,260 ha) 379 50,186 short tons (45,528 t) 2,379,165
2013 23,955 acres (9,694 ha) 370 52,588 short tons (47,707 t) 2,678,807
2014 27,390 acres (11,080 ha) 412 70,112 short tons (63,605 t) 2,864,963
2015 28,034 acres (11,345 ha) 84,949 short tons (77,064 t) 3,093,661

As of the 2015 wine growing season, the state of Oregon has 702 wineries and 1052 vineyards growing Vitis vinifera, composing a total of 28,034 acres (11,345 ha) of which 24,742 acres (10,013 ha) were harvested. Out of all US wine growing regions, Oregon ranks third in number of wineries and fourth in production. Nearly 3 million cases of Oregon wine were sold in 2015. The retail value of these cases was $470,650,919 a 9% increase over the previous vintage.[1]

The industry has had a significant economic impact on the state. The industry contributed a total of US$3.35 billion to the Oregon economy. 17,100 people participate in the wine industry with $527 million in wages.[15] In 2014 70% was sold to US markets outside Oregon and 4% was sold internationally.[1]

Oregon produces wine on a much smaller scale than the California wine industry. Oregon's leading producer, King Estate, ships only 401,400 cases per year and most produce under 35,000 cases. The state features many small wineries that produce less than 5,000 cases per year.[6][16] In contrast, E & J Gallo, the United States' largest winery with more than 50 different brands including Washington's Columbia Winery and Covey Run holds 22.8% share of the US market.[17] The majority of wineries in the state operate their own vineyards, although some purchase grapes on the market. Oregon contains a significant number of independent vineyards.[6]

The Oregon wine industry focuses on the higher-priced segments of the wine market. Oregon growers receive a higher average return per ton and a higher average revenue per case than do growers in other wine-producing regions in the United States. Despite producing a much smaller volume of wine, Oregon winery revenues per capita are comparable to those of New York and Washington.[3]

Major wine-producing regions

There are, loosely speaking, three main wine producing regions with a major presence in the state of Oregon, as defined by non-overlapping American Viticultural Areas. Two of them—the Willamette Valley AVA and the Southern Oregon AVA—are wholly contained within Oregon; a third, the Columbia Gorge AVA straddles the Columbia River and includes territory in both Oregon and Washington; however, this AVA is considered to be an Oregon AVA. Portions of the Walla Walla Valley AVA, an area primarily in Washington (along with the Columbia Valley AVA, which contains it), descend into Oregon in the Milton-Freewater area. The Southern Oregon AVA was recently created as the union of two Southern Oregon winegrowing regions long considered distinct, the Rogue Valley and the Umpqua Valley. Several other smaller AVAs are found within some of these larger regions.[18] The Snake River Valley AVA, which straddles Oregon's border with Idaho along the Snake River, is the first AVA to include a part of Eastern Oregon.[19]

Willamette Valley AVA

The Willamette River Valley.

The Willamette Valley AVA is the wine growing region that encompasses the Willamette Valley. It stretches from the Columbia River in the north to just south of Eugene in the south, where the Willamette Valley ends; and from the Oregon Coast Range in the West to the Cascade Mountains in the East. At 5,200 square miles (13,500 km2), it is the largest AVA in the state, and contains most of the state's wineries; approximately 200 as of 2006.[20]

The climate of Willamette Valley is mild year-round, with cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers; extreme temperatures are uncommon. Most rainfall occurs outside the growing season and the valley gets relatively little snow.[21] Not all parts of the Valley are suitable for viticulture, and most wineries and vineyards are found west of the Willamette River, with the largest concentration in Yamhill County.[22]

The region is best known for its Pinot noir, and also produces large amounts of Pinot gris, Chardonnay, Pinot blanc, and Riesling. The region also produces Cabernet Sauvignon, Gewürztraminer, Müller-Thurgau, Sémillon, and Zinfandel grapes, but in far smaller quantities.

The region is divided into five nested AVAs: Chehalem Mountains AVA, Dundee Hills AVA, Eola-Amity Hills AVA, McMinnville AVA, and the Yamhill-Carlton District AVA. Ribbon Ridge AVA is nested within the Chehalem Mountains. In addition, many wine connoisseurs further divide the Willamette Valley into northern and southern regions approximately at the latitude of Salem.

Southern Oregon AVA

Umpqua River with tributaries

The Southern Oregon AVA is an AVA formed as the union of two existing AVAs—the Rogue Valley AVA and the Umpqua Valley AVA. (A small strip of connecting territory is included in the Southern Oregon AVA to make it a contiguous region; however, this strip passes through mountains regions not suitable for vineyards.) This AVA was established in 2004 to allow the two principal regions in Southern Oregon to jointly market themselves.[23] As the Rogue Valley and Umpqua Valley regions produce different grapes and different varietals, they are examined separately.

Umpqua Valley AVA

The Umpqua Valley AVA contains the drainage basin of the Umpqua River, excluding mountainous regions.[24] The Umpqua Valley has a warmer climate than the Willamette Valley, but is cooler than the Rogue Valley to the south. It is the oldest post-prohibition wine region in Oregon. Grapes grown here include Tempranillo, Baco noir, Pinot noir, Pinot gris, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and Riesling, Grüner Veltliner, and a host of lesser known Vitis vinifera. The region includes two sub-AVAs, the Red Hill Douglas County, Oregon AVA, a single vineyard AVA, as well as the Elkton Oregon AVA, which was established in early 2013.[25]

Rogue Valley AVA

The Rogue Valley AVA includes the drainage basin of the Rogue River and several tributaries, including the Illinois River, the Applegate River, and Bear Creek. Most wineries in the region are found along one of these three tributaries, rather than along the Rogue River itself. The region is 70 miles (110 km) wide by 60 miles (100 km) long (although much of the land within the AVA is not suitable for grape cultivation); there are currently 32 wineries with only 1,100 acres (445 ha) planted. The three valleys differ greatly in terroir, with the easternmost Bear Creek valley being warmest and driest, and the westernmost Illinois River valley being coolest and wettest.[26] Each river valley has a unique climate and grows different varieties of grapes. Overall, however, this region is the warmest and driest of Oregon's wine-growing regions.[27] The region has one sub-AVA, the Applegate Valley AVA.[28]

Columbia Gorge AVA

The Columbia River (shown here in Hood River County, Oregon) is at the heart of the Columbia Gorge AVA
Valley of the North Fork of the Walla Walla River above Milton-Freewater in Oregon

The Columbia Gorge AVA is found in the Columbia Gorge. This region straddles the Columbia River, and thus lies in both Oregon and Washington; it is made up of Hood River and Wasco counties in Oregon, and Skamania and Klickitat counties in Washington.[29] The region lies to the east of the summits of nearby Mount Hood and Mount Adams, situated in their rain shadows; thus, the region is significantly drier than the Willamette Valley. It also exhibits significant differences in elevation due to gorge geography, and strong winds common in the area also play a factor in the region's climate. This allows a wide variety of grapes to be grown in the Columbia Gorge.[30] The region has nearly 40 vineyards, growing a wide variety of grapes, including Syrah, Pinot noir, Chardonnay, Gewürztraminer, Zinfandel, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot gris, Riesling, and Sangiovese.[31]

Columbia Valley AVA

Portions of northeastern Oregon (in the vicinity of Milton-Freewater) are part of the Walla Walla Valley AVA established in 1984; which in turn is nested within the Columbia Valley AVA. Both Columbia Valley and Walla Walla Valley AVAs reside primarily within Washington state. The Oregon subsection has 5 wineries[32] and 1,200 acres (486 ha) planted. Wines grown in the valley include Syrah, Merlot, and Cabernet Sauvignon, as well as Sangiovese and a few exotic varietals including Counoise, Carmenère, Mourvèdre, Cabernet Franc, Nebbiolo and Barbera.[33][34]

A new nested AVA, The Rocks District of Milton–Freewater, was established in 2015.[35]

Snake River Valley AVA

A new viticultural area along the Snake River was established on April 9, 2007. Principally located in Idaho, the area also encompasses two large counties in Eastern Oregon, Baker County and Malheur County.[19] The region's climate is unique among AVAs in Oregon; the average temperature is relatively cool and rainfall is low, creating a shorter growing season. Current production is led by hardy grapes such as Riesling, Gewürztraminer, and Chardonnay. The climate also lends itself extremely well to the production of ice wine.[36] However, the AVA is quite large and warmer microclimates within the area can also support different types of grapes such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot.[37]

Enotourism

Pinot noir grapes at Chehalem Ridgecrest Vineyard, Newberg.

With the continuing improvement in the region's winemaking reputation, enotourism in Oregon has become a significant industry in its own right. On-site sales are becoming an increasingly important part of the business of Oregon winemaking, and other businesses that cater to wine tourists, such as lodging, fine restaurants, art galleries, have been appearing in places like Dundee, many of which have long been rural farming communities. Wine festivals and tastings are commonplace. It is estimated that enotourism contributed USD $207.5 million to the state economy in 2013[15] excluding sales at wineries and tasting rooms. There are approximately 1.8 million visits to Oregon wineries each year, 59% by Oregonians and 41% from out of state visitors.[15] Major events drawing significant numbers of tourists to wine country include the International Pinot Noir Celebration which is held the last weekend of July every year since 1987[38] and the more recent Oregon Chardonnay Celebration.[39]

Since wine themed events are a significant driver of tourism new ones are launched each year.

Facilities for wine tourists in Oregon are considered underdeveloped compared to wine regions in California, especially premium growing regions like the Napa Valley AVA. Only 5% of overnight leisure trips in the state involve visits to wineries, a much smaller figure than comparable Californian growing regions, which range from 10% to 25%.[3]

The increase in winery-related tourism, as well as the presence of a casino in the Willamette Valley, has greatly impacted the region's transportation infrastructure. Oregon Route 99W, the highway running through the heart of Willamette Valley wine country (and which is the main street in towns such as Newberg and Dundee), is plagued with frequent traffic jams. Phase I of the Newberg Dundee Bypasss (avoiding the prime growing areas in the hills) is under construction and expected to open in 2017.[44]

Wine Industry

A growing number of organizations have been established to promote Oregon Wine. In February of each year the Oregon Wine Board and Oregon Wine Grower's association team up to hold the Oregon Wine Symposium.[45]

Statewide organizations:

Regional organizations, largely aligned to AVAs:

Recognition

Recognition for quality

Oregon wines have won several major awards, and/or been praised by notable wine critics.

Other recognition

Notable wineries and vineyards

This is a list of notable operating and defunct wineries and vineyards in the state of Oregon in the United States, including those in the Southern Oregon AVA and Willamette Valley AVA. Included are wineries and vineyards owned or operated by larger wineries not based in Oregon.

Name Location Established Notes
Adelsheim Vineyard Chehalem Mountains AVA 1971 First winery in the Chehalem Mountains. David Adelsheim has been instrumental in the Willamette Valley wine industry.
Domaine Drouhin Dundee Hills AVA 1988 Long established French estate invests in Oregon.[72]
The Eyrie Vineyards McMinnville (winery)
Dundee Hills AVA (vineyards)		 1966 David Lett of The Eyrie Vineyards is widely considered the father of Oregon Pinot Noir.[73]
HillCrest Vineyards Umpqua Valley AVA 1961 Oregon's oldest estate winery.[74]
Honeywood Winery Willamette Valley AVA 1934 Oldest continuously operating winery in Oregon.[75]
Sokol Blosser Winery Dundee Hills AVA 1971 Synonymous with sustainability.[76]
Willamette Valley Vineyards Willamette Valley AVA 1983 Oregon's only publicly traded winery.[77]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 "2015 Oregon Vineyard and Winery Census Report" (PDF). Southern Oregon University Research Center. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
  2. ↑ Appellation America (2007). "Oregon: Appellation Description". Retrieved Nov. 16, 2007.
  3. 1 2 3 Full Glass Research (January 2006). "The Economic Impact of the Wine and Wine Grape Industries on the Oregon Economy" (pdf). Oregon Wine Center.
  4. ↑ http://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/britt_peter_1819_1905_/
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 "Oregon Wine Historical Milestones". Northwest Viticultural Center. Chemeketa Community College. Archived from the original on 2005-12-01. Retrieved 2012-10-16.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lisa Shara Hall. "History of the Oregon Wine Industry (excerpt)". AvalonWine.com.
  7. ↑ Gelardi, Michael (October 24, 2012). "Winery opponents, not LUBA, muddle land-use law". Daily Journal of Commerce. Retrieved 2012-10-26. In 1970, there were five commercial wineries in Oregon and 35 recorded acres of vineyards. Today, there are more than 400 wineries and greater than 20,000 acres of vineyards in Oregon.
  8. ↑ "About the United States Wine and Grape Industry". wineamerica.org. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  9. ↑ OLCC Statutes, 845-010-0915.
  10. ↑ "Oregon Secretary of State Archives Division". arcweb.sos.state.or.us. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  11. ↑ "The Oregon Story and how to sell it" (pdf). Oregon Wine Board.
  12. ↑ National Agricultural Statistics Service (2006). "Oregon Vineyard and Winery Report" (pdf). Oregon Wine Board.
  13. ↑ National Agricultural Statistics Service (1995–2010). "Oregon Vineyard and Winery Quick Facts". Oregon Wine Board.
  14. ↑ "Oregon Wine & Vineyard Census". Southern Oregon University funded by the Oregon Wine Board. 2010–2015.
  15. 1 2 3 "The Economic Impact of the Wine and Wine Grape Industries on the Oregon Economy" (PDF). Full Glass Research.
  16. ↑ Lisa Shara Hall (2001). Wines of the Pacific Northwest. Mitchell Beazley. ISBN 1-84000-419-3.
  17. ↑ "The Family of Gallo Wine Brands (Infographic) | Wine Folly". 2013-01-11. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  18. ↑ Susan R. O'Hara. "Oregon Wineries, Wines, and Wine Country". Wines Northwest.
  19. 1 2 "It's official: Government establishes Snake River Valley AVA". Wine Press Northwest. March 10, 2007.
  20. ↑ "Willamette Valley AVA". AppellationAmerica.com. Appellation America.
  21. ↑ "Oregon Climate Zone Summary: Zone 2-The Willamette Valley". Oregon State University.
  22. ↑ O'Hara, Susan R. "Oregon Wine Country: North Willamette Valley Wineries Map". Wines Northwest.
  23. ↑ "Federal Register: Vol 69 No. 235 / Wednesday, December 8, 2004 / Rules and Regulations, RIN 1513-AA75: Establishment of the Southern Oregon Viticultural Area (2002R-338P)" (PDF).
  24. ↑ "Umpqua Valley AVA". Appellation America.
  25. ↑ Lawrence, James. "Elkton Oregon AVA approved in US". Decanter. Retrieved 2014-03-20.
  26. ↑ "Rogue Valley AVA". AppellationAmerica.com. Appellation America.
  27. ↑ Susan R. O'Hara. "Rogue Valley and Applegate Valley Appellations of Southern Oregon". Wines Northwest.
  28. ↑ "Applegate Valley AVA". AppellationAmerica.com. Appellation America.
  29. ↑ "Federal Register: May 10, 2004 (Volume 69, Number 90)".
  30. ↑ "Description of grapes and wines of Columbia Gorge AVA" (doc). Columbia Gorge Winegrowers.
  31. ↑ "Gorge Vineyards". Columbia Gorge Winegrowers.
  32. ↑ "Wineries > Walla Walla Valley Wine Alliance". www.wallawallawine.com. Retrieved 2016-08-22.
  33. ↑ "Walla Walla Valley APA". AppellationAmerica.com. Appellation America.
  34. ↑ "Appelation (Walla Walla)". Walla Walla Wine.com. Walla Walla Valley Wine Alliance.
  35. ↑ "TTB Approves New AVA: The Rocks District of Milton-Freewater". February 6, 2015. Retrieved June 10, 2015.
  36. ↑ Mike Hegedus (May 29, 2007). "Fruit of the Vine". CNBC.
  37. ↑ Cole Danehower (April 9, 2007). "Snake River Valley Appellation a First for Idaho". AppellationAmerica.com.
  38. ↑ "History - International Pinot Noir Celebration". Retrieved 2016-08-09.
  39. ↑ "2016 Oregon Chardonnay Celebration". oregonchardonnaycelebration.org. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  40. ↑ andy (2016-05-23). "Oregon wineries embrace Memorial Day weekend". Great Northwest Wine. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  41. ↑ "Thanksgiving in Oregon wine country's glass runneth over". Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  42. ↑ "¡Salud!: Our Mission". www.saludauction.org. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  43. ↑ "Event History". Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  44. ↑ "Oregon Department of Transportation - JTA Region 2 - Highway 99W Newberg Dundee Bypass - Home". oregonjta.org. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  45. ↑ "Oregon Wine Symposium | Oregon Wine Industry". Oregon Wine Industry. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  46. ↑ "Oregon Beer & Wine Distributors Association |". www.obwda.org. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  47. ↑ "Home - Oregon Pinot Camp". Oregon Pinot Camp. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  48. ↑ "Oregon Pinot Gris | Oregon's Other Pinot". oregonpinotgris.org. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  49. ↑ "Oregon Wine | Oregon Wine Board". Oregon Wine. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  50. ↑ "Oregon Winegrowers Association". www.oregonwinegrowers.org. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  51. ↑ "Oregon Wine Press - dedicated to Oregon wine, pinot noir, food, vineyards, winemakers, and insider-industry happenings". www.oregonwinepress.com. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  52. ↑ "Steamboat Pinot". www.steamboatpinot.com. Retrieved 2016-08-21.
  53. ↑ "Applegate Valley Wine Trail". Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  54. ↑ "Chehalem Mountains Winegrowers Association - Newberg, OR". www.chehalemmountains.org. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  55. ↑ "Home | Columbia Gorge Wine Country". www.columbiagorgewine.com. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  56. ↑ "Dundee Hills Winegrowers Association".
  57. ↑ "Willamette Wineries". heartofwillamette.com. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  58. ↑ "The McMinnville Foothills Winegrowers Association". McMinnville AVA Winegrowers. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  59. ↑ "About North Willamette Vintners | The northern gateway to Oregon’s Willamette Valley wine region | Oregon Wine, Vineyards, Wineries and Wine Tours". nwvintners.org. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  60. ↑ "Home - Ribbon Ridge Winegrowers". Ribbon Ridge Winegrowers. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  61. ↑ "Rogue Valley Winegrowers Association". rvwinegrowers.org. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  62. ↑ "South Willamette Wineries". South Willamette Wineries. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  63. ↑ "Southern Oregon Winery Association – Your Guide to Wine in Southern Oregon – Just another WordPress site". southernoregonwines.org. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  64. ↑ "Umpqua Valley Winegrowers". www.umpquavalleywineries.org. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  65. ↑ "Press Information - Willamette Valley Wineries". Retrieved 2016-08-09.
  66. ↑ "Home - The Yamhill-Carlton American Viticultural Area". The Yamhill-Carlton American Viticultural Area. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  67. ↑ Giraud, Matt (1984). "Grape Expectations: The Birth of Oregon's Wine Industry". Willamette Week.
  68. ↑ Center, International Wine. "Home - International Wine Center". International Wine Center. Retrieved 2016-08-12.
  69. ↑ "Oregon Wine Center: Yamhill Valley Vineyards (profile)".
  70. ↑ "Oregon pinot noir named world's third-best wine of 2015". Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  71. ↑ Wine Spectator’s Top 100 At A Glance. Wine Spectator. Retrieved December 4, 2007.
  72. ↑ "Domaine Drouhin Oregon: New World’s Burgundy Presence | The PinotFile: Volume 9, Issue 7". www.princeofpinot.com. Retrieved 2016-08-21.
  73. ↑ Asimov, Eric (2008-10-13). "David Lett, Oregon Wine Pioneer, Dies at 69". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-08-21.
  74. ↑ "People | Oregon Wine". Oregon Wine. Retrieved 2016-08-21.
  75. ↑ Mary, Reinke, (2014-01-01). "Mary Reinke Interview".
  76. ↑ "Wine Notes: 'Virtual wines' an economic reality for local vintners". OregonLive.com. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
  77. ↑ "Willamette Valley Vineyards, Inc. Common Stock (WVVI)". NASDAQ.com. Retrieved 2017-03-12.

Further reading, by publication date

  1. ↑ "Book Review: Winemakers of the Willamette Valley: Pioneering Vintners from Oregon’s Wine Country and Oregon Wine Pioneers". 2015-12-27. Retrieved 2016-08-21.
  2. ↑ "The Law of Wine: A Guide to Business and Legal Issues in Oregon" (PDF). Stoel Reeves LLP.
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