Operation Cactus-Lilly

Part of the Bangladesh Liberation War

Date	3-16 December 1971
Location	East Pakistan
Result	Indian Victory

Belligerents

India

Pakistan

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
Cactus-Lilly Chengiz Khan Jackpot PNS Ghazi Trident Python Atgram Basantar Boyra Chamb Dhalai Garibpur Gazipur Hilli Longewala Sylhet Meghna Heli Bridge Tangail Naval War Simla Agreement

Indo-Pakistani conflicts
Kashmir conflict War of 1947 War of 1965 War of 1971 Siachen conflict Kargil War 2001–02 standoff 2008 standoff Border skirmishes 2011 2013 2014–15 2016–present confrontation

Operation Cactus-Lilly by India, was a military operation done between 3-16 December 1971 by the Indian Air Force (IAF) in the East Pakistan (current Bangladesh).^[1]^[2]^[3]

Popular culture

Hindustan Ki Kasam a Hindi war movie directed by Chetan Anand and released in 1973 was based on the incidents of Operation Cactus Lilly.^[4]

References

↑ Ranbir Singh Gp Capt (1 January 2009). Major Defence Operations Since 1947. Prabhat Prakashan. pp. 106–. ISBN 978-81-88322-67-1. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
↑ "When the Cactus Lilly bloomed...". Deccan Herald. Retrieved 28 July 2012. Operation Cactus Lilly is the name of Indian Air Attack against Pakistan at Western front
↑ D. P. Ramachandran (1 September 2008). Empire'S First Soldiers. Lancer Publishers. pp. 309–. ISBN 978-0-9796174-7-8. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
↑ "Top 10 films on Indo-Pak conflict". The Times of India. 30 Mar 2011. Retrieved 28 July 2012.

Bangladesh Liberation War

Ministry of Liberation War Affairs

Origins of the Bengali Revolution

Philosophy	Bengali renaissance Muslim nationalism in South Asia Two-nation theory Bengali nationalism Bengal Studies Bangamata Joy Bangla
Pakistan Movement	Partition of Bengal in 1905 Eastern Bengal and Assam All-India Muslim League Indian independence movement Pakistan Movement Lahore Resolution United Bengal Muslim National Guard Direct Action Day Noakhali riots Partition of India Partition of Bengal in 1947
East Pakistan	Dominion of Pakistan East Bengal Pakistan Muslim League Objectives Resolution All Pakistan Awami Muslim League Awami League United Front Bengali Language Movement Communist Party of Pakistan East Faction One Unit East Pakistan Republicanism in Pakistan Martial law in 1958 Federalism in Pakistan
Bengali self-determination	Swadhin Bangal Biplobi Parishad Six point movement Agartala Conspiracy Case 1969 uprising in East Pakistan 1970 Bhola cyclone Pakistani general election, 1970
Declaration of war	Sheikh Mujibur Rahman's speech of 7 March Rodionov message Ahsan-Yaqub Mission Operation Searchlight Proclamation of Bangladeshi Independence

Combatants
Campaigns
Theaters
Battles
Events
Massacres

Combatants

Bangladesh	Provisional Government of Bangladesh Mukti Bahini Hemayet Bahini Bangladesh Army K Force S Force Z Force Bangladesh Navy Bangladesh Air Force Bangladesh Rifles Bangladesh Ansar Bangladesh Police Special Guerrilla Forces Gono Bahini Mujib Bahini Kader Bahini Afsar Bahini Crack Platoon
Pakistan	Pakistan Armed Forces Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines Jamaat-e-Islami Central Peace Committee Razakars Al-Badr Al-Shams
Indian allies	Parliament of India Indian Armed Forces Mitro Bahini (Indo- Bangla forces)

Campaigns and
theaters

Major battles

Other events

List of Massacres

Related conflicts

Leaders

Bangladesh

Military	Mohammad Atul Osmani Ziaur Rahman Khaled Mosharraf K.M. Shafiullah Shafaat Jamil A.K. Khandker Muhammad Hamidullah Matiur Rahman
Civilian	Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Syed Nazrul Islam Tajuddin Ahmad AHM Qamaruzzaman Muhammad Hamidullah Khan Dhirendranath Datta Quazi Nuruzzaman Chitta Ranjan Dutta Muhammad Mansur Ali Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad M. A. Hannan Abu Sayeed Chowdhury

Pakistan

Military	Yahya Khan S.M. Ahsan A.A.K. Niazi Yaqub Ali Khan Mohammad Shariff Rao Farman Ali A.O. Mitha Khadim Hussain Mitty Masud Ahmad Zamir Inamul Haque Siddique Salik K.M. Arif
Civilian	Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Dr. Abdul Motaleb Malik Nurul Amin Shah Azizur Rahman Ghulam Azam Motiur Rahman Nizami J.A. Rahim Tridev Roy

India

Military	Indian Army Sam Manekshaw Jagjit S. Aurora Hari Chand Dewan Nilakanta Krishnan J.F.R. Jacob Om Prakash Malhotra Sagat Singh Inderjit S. Gill Shabeg Singh Sankaran Nair Hoshiar Singh
Civilian	Indira Gandhi V. V. Giri Gopal Swarup Pathak Rameshwar Kao Swaran Singh Jagjivan Ram Dilip Mahalanabis

Aftermath

Related topics
Categories

Commemoration

Monuments and memorials	National Martyrs’ Memorial Martyred Intellectuals Memorial Swadhinata Stambha Liberation War Memorial Trust Liberation War Museum Bangladesh Police Liberation War Museum Aparajeyo Bangla Shabash Bangladesh
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♦ Bangladesh Liberation War Portal ♦

Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

History

Conflict

Pakistani peace proposals

Leaders

India	Indira Gandhi Sam Manekshaw P. C. Lal S. M. Nanda Jagjit Singh Aurora K. P. Candeth Sourendra Nath Kohli Gopal Gurunath Bewoor Anil Tipnis T. N. Raina Sartaj Singh J.F.R. Jacob Kuldip Singh Chandpuri Kulwant Singh Pannu G. M. Hiranandani
Pakistan	Yahya Khan Nurul Amin Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Abdul Hamid Khan A. A. K. Niazi Mohammad Sharif M. A. K. Lodhi Leslie Mungavin Gul Hassan Abdul Ali Malik Rashid Ahmed A. Rahim Khan Tikka Khan Muzaffar Hassan Patrick Callaghan
Bangladesh	Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Tajuddin Ahmed Muhammad Mansur Ali A. H. M. Qamaruzzaman Abu Taher
United States	Richard Nixon Henry Kissinger Archer Blood George Bush, Sr. William Westmoreland Elmo Zumwalt Chuck Yeager J. S. Farland Kenneth Keating
Soviet Union	Leonid Brezhnev Alexei Kosygin Alexei Rodionov Nikolai Pegov Yakov Malik Andrei Gromyko Sergey Gorshkov Vasili Kuznetsov Nikolai Podgorny

Highest
awards

Param Vir Chakra	L/Nk. Albert Ekka^† Fl. Off. N. J. S. Sekhon^† 2nd Lt. Arun Khetarpal^† Maj. Hoshiar Singh
Nishan-E-Haider	Maj. Muhammad Akram^† Plt. Off. Rashid Minhas^† Maj. Shabbir Sharif^† J/Swr. Muhammad Hussain^† L/Nk. Muhammad Mahfuz^†
Bir Sreshtho	Flt. Lt. Matiur Rahman^† Sepahi Hamidur Rahman^† Sepahi Mostafa Kamal^† Engine Room Artificer Mohammad Ruhul Amin^† Lance Naik Munshi Abdur Rouf^† Captain Mohiuddin Jahangir^† Lance Naik Noor Mohammad^†

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