Onufriivka

Onufriivka is an urban-type settlement in Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine, and the administrative centre of Onufriivka Raion. Population: 4,042 (2013 est.)^[1].

History

The earliest traces of human existence in Onufriivsky Rayon region date back to the Neolithic era.

Onufriivka was named after the retired Zaporizhian Cossacks Onufrienko in the early seventeenth century. During the Khmelnytsky Uprising/Liberation War of Ukrainian people in 1648–1654, it became a sizable city whose inhabitants took part in the campaigns of Bohdan Khmelnytsky. The population of Onufrievka grew as farmers, who were attracted by large tracts of pristine wilderness, forests, rivers and meadows. The locals were mainly involved in managing livestock, as agricultural farming was less developed during this period. Every autumn, fairs were held which were visited by merchants from Kiev and Kremenchug.

In 1752, with the establishment of military settlements, Onufriivka joined New Serbia and became the property of Ivan Horvath - Otkurtych. Later, in the 1770s, descendants of Horvath - Otkurtych sold Onufriivka to Mikhail Kamburley, who was an advisor, senator, and civil governor of Volhynia.

In the winter of 1805, Squire M. Kamburley liberated serfs from estates in Orel and Tambov provinces. He had acquired the ownership of ten families and other serfs, traded by a prince for purebred dogs, from a landlord in a game of cards. He placed these settlers on his lands, founding the villages Kamburliyivka (in honor of his name) and Zybkove . These villages were populated primarily by descendants of immigrants from Russia. In 1777, Ivanivka's name was changed to Vyshnivtsi Village. Squire M. Kamburley, wintering in Zaporozhye with officers from Holodiya, bought Vyshnivtsi for 30 rubles of captured silver. Tartarian Petro Sahaydysh married a Ukrainian from Vyhrestyv and settled on a farm. In 1792, Kamburleya Oseleno ordered the settlement of other local farms, or Vyhodtsiv in Polish. As a result, there was a village named in honor of his father, a landowner named Ivanivka. In 1821, after the death of Kamburley, all his chattels passed onto Count Mikhail Tolstoy, who was married to Kamburley's daughter, Katerina Mikhailovna. Count Tolstoy inherited the villages of Onufrievka, Kamburliyivka, Lozuvatka, Ivanivka, totaling 13,000 acres of land. The land was occupied by Count Tolstoy, who was from a rich and ancient family. His family arms displayed the motto: "Dedication and Diligence."

By 1886, Onufrievsky (of the parish Alexandria, located in the Kherson province,) was inhabited by 1,414 people. There were 254 farms, an Orthodox church, a school, and five shops. The town held three fairs a year: Seredopisnyi, Mykolay and Pokrovskyi.^[2]

Mikhail Tolstoy was a landowner who implemented advanced methods of management to economically and practically maintain machinery such as iron plows, horse threshing, and winnowing. There was even a Fordson tractor available for their use. The region bred horses, both in demand in Russia and abroad, which proved to be lucrative. Also, 8,000 Rambulye sheep and 600 gray-Ukrainian rock cows were raised there. The sheep's wool was sent to Bialystok and the Lodz wool factories. All the buildings on the estate were built with bricks produced at its own brick factory, which represented the highest quality in 1911. Count Tolstoy financed (N. Tolstoy and his mother OG Tolstoy) a school and even today students walk through the architecturally pleasing building. Hospitals and other schools were also built as well as a parish council, veterinary hospital, vicarage, and a rural council building.

After graduating from school, the famous Ukrainian teacher Vasyl Sukhomlinsky taught literature in the school of Onufriivka from September 1939 to June 1941.

In 1968, Onufrievka received the status of "small town".

2014:The manager of a well known bed specialist in the North West created a workplace scandal on this day by alleging all and sundry had consumed his prized shreddies. The workplace was rocked by these allegations and a full report was due to be sent to Cheshire police about this grave matter of life and death.

Infrastructure

Onufriivka stud farm

Stud farm number 175 is located in the former holdings of Count Tolstoy Onufrievskiy.^[3]^[4] Count Tolstoy Onufrievskiy was a regular participant in national and international equestrian sports competitions. His English thoroughbreds became Olympic champions, as well as derby winners in large and small competitions on the racetracks of Odessa and Rostov.

Sights

Dendropark

The family of Count Tolstoy is associated with a beneficial foundation in Onufriivsky Park. One of the disciples of the famous Russian scientist Dokuchaev supervised the work of designing the park. All the work was completed by serfs of Count Tolstoy. The Old Park was completed in 1920, and the New Park—south of the river Omelnychok—was planted half a century later. The park covers 84 hectares of which 22 hectares are water mirror ponds. Originally there were more than 100 species of trees and shrubs, pavilions, bridges, extensive landscaping, and islands with gazebos and a pool. Two pools with fountains and a rose garden were near the house. The park walkways were positioned in the British classical style. The villagers were strictly forbidden to go to the manor park. Passes were granted to workers who cleared the alley, cared for trees and flower beds, and tended to the swan ponds. Later farmers were allowed to draw water for their needs from the pond known as "The Peasant." The whole park was surrounded by a two-meter brick wall with decorative lattice.

(In 1960 the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian SSR commissioned a monument dedicated to Onufriivskyi Dendropark.)

Notable people

Other names are closely associated with the name of Count Tolstoy - Mikhail Dmitrievich (1804–1891), his son, Mikhail Mikhailovich (1834–1898), and his grandson Mikhail Mikhailovich Jr. (1862–1927). They owned 13,000 acres of land including surrounding villages, and were engaged in charitable activities and patronage including introducing advanced technologies in agriculture. The name of Mikhail D. Tolstoy is also connected with the establishment of Onufrievsky Park. Mikhail (Senior) allocated savings to the project and Mikhail M. (Jr.) built, at his own expense, schools in Onufriivka and in Pavlysh, the Pavlysh hospital and veterinary hospitals, along with other community facilities. He also completed the construction of Onufriivskyi Park. Count Tolstoy and his family were prominent philanthropists and patrons of the time. Mikhail Mikhailovich built an "ambulance" station in Odessa. Each descendant was a trustee of the public and specialty schools for children from poor families. They made a huge contribution to the development of Southern agriculture and viticulture. In 1917, the Tolstoy family's influence declined. Deprived of all property and seriously ill, Mikhail Tolstoy traveled with his mother, Elena G., to Geneva. He died at age 30 August 1927, and one of the main branches of the Tolstoy regime came to an end.
Surmylo Ivan - a professor of the Moscow Mining Institute.

References

↑ "Чисельність наявного населення України (Actual population of Ukraine)" (in Ukrainian). State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 21 January 2015.
↑ Волости и важнейшие селения Европейской России [The Most Important Towns and Villages in European Russia] (in Russian). Vol. VIII. St. Petersburg: Центр. статист. комитет. 1886.
↑ Бизнес гид. Онуфриевский конный завод №175 (in Russian)
↑ Коні не винні! Чи поверне Онуфріївський кінний завод собі колишню славу? (in Ukrainian)