Breakbeat hardcore
- Not to be confused with Breakcore.
Breakbeat hardcore | |
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Stylistic origins | |
Cultural origins | Late 1980s – early 1990s, United Kingdom |
Typical instruments | |
Derivative forms | |
(complete list) | |
Other topics | |
Breakbeat hardcore (also called oldskool rave hardcore) is a genre of electronic dance music and a derivative of acid house and techno music, of the late 1980s and early 1990s, that combines four-on-the-floor rhythms with breakbeats, and is associated with the UK rave scene. In addition to the including of breakbeats the genre also features shuffled drum machine patterns, upbeat piano rolls and old-school hoover sounds.
Rave scene
The scene was driven around the M25 motorway (London's orbital motorway), and its audience was mainly urban teenagers and lower middle-class suburban teenagers with cars. The scene expanded rapidly in 1991, with large raves of 30–50,000 people attending in open air venues around England, put on by Spiral Tribe and other free party sound systems held at locations up and down the length of England. The late 1980s house music raves such as Sunrise UK spawned the idea of holding huge parties rather than hosting more intimate parties at small clubs. The breakbeat hardcore raves modeled their events after these early raves.
Effect and fragmentation
In the early years, the underground sound became more mainstream. Even without radio play, many hybrid and regional styles made their way into Top 20 charts. However, during the early 1990s, the two main subdivisions of this underground rave movement were primarily either a. House & Techno (often used interchangeably or vaguely used to define a multitude of subgenres of house music) and b. Breakbeat Hardcore. Approximately in 1993, the scene fragmented (a. & b.), and forked off into two distinct styles—jungle music (later giving rise to drum and bass) and 4-beat (alternatively known as happy hardcore). This split was evident at the early Roast events. Roast was England's largest most respected original jungle promoter. The promoters of Roast referred to it as the house scene branching off and going in their own direction, not accepting the new jungle sound (which largely dropped the 4-on-the-floor house kick drum). Jungle's sound was more focused on basslines, often with jazz-like undertones, while 4-beat retained the rave synths, the 4/4 kickdrum and happier piano elements. By 1996, most 4-beat had dropped its breakbeats (in part due to bouncy techno), while drum and bass had long dropped the techno style synth stabs, further separating the two styles. The almost independent evolution of styles created distinct sounds of "bleep and bass", brutalist techno, hardcore jungle, pop-rave, UK garage, and ragga-techno sounds.
Selected information
Record labels
- Absolute 2 Records
- After Dark Recordings
- Awesome Records
- Back 2 Basics
- Basement Records
- Bloody Fist Records and dEAdGirL
- Boogie Beat Records
- Brain Records
- Chill
- D-Zone Records
- De Underground Records
- Déja Vu Recordings
- Face Records
- Fokus Recordings
- Force Inc Music Works
- Formation Records
- Ffrreedom
- Good Looking Records
- Great Asset
- Hithouse Records
- Ibiza Records
- Impact Records
- J4M Records
- Jumpin' & Pumpin'
- Juice Box Records
- Just Another Label
- Kemet
- Kickin Records
- Kniteforce
- Labello Blanco
- Legend Records
- Liquid Wax
- Little Giant Music
- Lucky Spin Recordings
- Mendoza Records
- Moving Shadow
- Network Records
- Parliament Music
- Production House Records
- Rabbit City Recordings
- RAM Records
- Reinforced Records
- Renk Records
- Rising High Records
- Ruff Guidance Records
- Ruffneck Records
- Rugged Vinyl Records
- Shut Up And Dance Records
- Skeleton Recordings
- Slammin' Vinyl
- Soapbar Records
- Strictly Hardcore/Strictly Underground Records
- Suburban Base
- Timeless Recordings (previously known as G-Spot Records)
- Tone Def Records
- Triple Helix
- Unnatural Light
- White House Records
- XL Recordings
It is worth noting that many of these (most notably Moving Shadow) went on to release jungle and even later drum and bass as those genres began to rise and breakbeat hardcore began to decline.
Notable releases
- Acen - "Trip to the Moon" (Production House Records, PNT 42, 1992)
- Altern-8 - "Frequency" (Network Records, NWKTR 34, 1991)
- Awesome 3 - "Don't Go" (Entity Records, 1992)
- Baby D - "Let Me Be Your Fantasy" (Production House, 1994)
- DJ Krome & Mr. Time - "The Slammer" (Suburban Base, SUBBASE 26, 1993)
- DJ Red Alert & Mike Slammer - "Slammin' Vinyl" (GUMH 011, 1995)
- DJ Seduction - "Hardcore Heaven" (FFrreedom, TABX 103, 1992)
- Foul Play - "Finest Illusion" (Section 5, 1993)
- Fat Controller – "In Complete Darkness" (Uphoria Records – UPHORIA 001, 1993)
- Harmony & Xtreme — "Come On And Treat/Music" (Lucky Spin 07, 1993)
- Joint Project - "Total Feeling" (Soapbar Records 001, 1992)
- Liquid - "Sweet Harmony" (XL Recordings, XLT 28, 1992)
- Lords of Acid - "Lust" (Antler Subway Records, 1991)
- Manix - "Oblivion (Head in the Clouds)" (Reinforced Records, 1991)
- Nebula II - "Seance/Atheama" (Reinforced Records, 1991)
- Nookie - "Return of Nookie" (Reinforced, RIVET 1239, 1993)
- The Prodigy - Experience (XL Recordings, XLCD 110, 1992)
- The Scientist - "The Exorcist" (Kickin Records, KICK 001, 1990)
- Shades of Rhythm - "Shades Of Rhythm" (ZTT Records, 1991)
- Shut Up and Dance - "The Green Man" (SUAD Records, 1991)
- SL2 - "DJ's Take Control" (Awesome Records, SL002, 1991)
- Sonz of a Loop Da Loop Era - "Far Out" (Suburban Base, SUBBASE 008, 1991)
- Tekno Too - "Jet-Star" (d-zone, DANCE 12/DANCE CD12/DANCE 12R, 1991)
- Urban Hype - "A Trip to Trumpton" (Faze 2, 1992)
- Wax Doctor - "A New Direction" (Jack Smooth, Basement Records, BRSS 0011, 1992)
See also
References
Sources
- Simon Reynolds' Energy Flash: a Journey Through Rave Music and Dance Culture (ISBN 0-330-35056-0)
- Simon Reynolds' Generation Ecstasy: Into the World of Techno and Rave Culture (ISBN 0-415-92373-5)
- Chris Sharp, Jungle: Modern States of Mind, Modulations, ch. 8 pgs. 130-155