Old Fashioned

Old Fashioned

IBA Official Cocktail
Type	Cocktail
Primary alcohol by volume	Whiskey
Served	On the rocks; poured over ice
Standard garnish	Orange twist cocktail cherry
Standard drinkware	Old Fashioned glass
IBA specified ingredients*	4.5 cl Bourbon or Rye whiskey 2 dashes Angostura bitters 1 sugar cube Few dashes plain water
Preparation	Place sugar cube in old fashioned glass and saturate with bitters, add a dash of plain water. Muddle until dissolved. Fill the glass with ice cubes and add whiskey. Garnish with orange twist, and a cocktail cherry.
* Old Fashioned recipe at International Bartenders Association

The Old Fashioned is a cocktail made by muddling sugar with bitters, then adding alcohol, such as whiskey or brandy, and a twist of citrus rind. It is traditionally served in a short, round, tumbler-like glass, which is called an Old Fashioned glass, named after the drink.

The Old Fashioned, developed during the 19th century and given its name in the 1880s, is an IBA Official Cocktail.^[1] It is also one of six basic drinks listed in David A. Embury's The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks.

History

The first documented definition of the word "cocktail" was in response to a reader's letter asking to define the word in the May 6, 1806, issue of The Balance and Columbian Repository in Hudson, New York. In the May 13, 1806, issue, the paper's editor wrote that it was a potent concoction of spirits, bitters, water, and sugar; it was also referred to at the time as a bittered sling.^[2][3] J.E. Alexander describes the cocktail similarly in 1833, as he encountered it in New York City, as being rum, gin, or brandy, significant water, bitters, and sugar, though he includes a nutmeg garnish as well.^[4]

By the 1860s, it was common for orange curaçao, absinthe, and other liqueurs to be added to the cocktail. The original concoction, albeit in different proportions, came back into vogue, and was referred to as "old-fashioned".^[5][6] The most popular of the in-vogue "old-fashioned" cocktails were made with whiskey, according to a Chicago barman, quoted in the Chicago Daily Tribune in 1882, with rye being more popular than Bourbon. The recipe he describes is a similar combination of spirits, bitters, water and sugar of seventy-six years earlier.^[6]

The first use of the name "Old Fashioned" for a Bourbon whiskey cocktail was said to have been at the Pendennis Club, a gentlemen's club founded in 1881 in Louisville, Kentucky. The recipe was said to have been invented by a bartender at that club in honor of Colonel James E. Pepper, a prominent bourbon distiller, who brought it to the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel bar in New York City.^[7]

With its conception rooted in the city's history, in 2015 the city of Louisville named the Old Fashioned as its official cocktail. Each year, during the first two weeks of June, Louisville celebrates "Old Fashioned Fortnight" which encompasses bourbon events, cocktail specials and National Bourbon Day which is always celebrated on June 14.^[8]

Recipe

George Kappeler provides several of the earliest published recipes for Old Fashioned cocktails in his 1895 book. Recipes are given for Whiskey, Brandy, Holland gin, and Old Tom gin. The Whiskey Old Fashioned recipe specifies the following (with a jigger being 2 US fluid ounces (59 ml)):^[9]

Old Fashioned Whiskey Cocktail
Dissolve a small lump of sugar with a little water in a whiskey-glass;
add two dashes Angostura bitters,
a small piece of ice, a piece of lemon-peel,
one jigger whiskey.
Mix with small bar-spoon and serve, leaving spoon in glass.^[1]

1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kappeler_1895 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

By the 1860s, as illustrated by Jerry Thomas' 1862 book, basic cocktail recipes included Curaçao, or other liqueurs. These liqueurs were not mentioned in the early 19th century descriptions, nor the Chicago Daily Tribune descriptions of the "Old Fashioned" cocktails of the early 1880s; they were absent from Kappeler's Old Fashioned recipes as well. The differences of the Old Fashioned cocktail recipes from the cocktail recipes of the late 19th Century are mainly preparation method, the use of sugar and water in lieu of simple or gomme syrup, and the absence of additional liqueurs. These Old Fashioned cocktail recipes are literally for cocktails done the old-fashioned way.^[6]

Gin Cocktail
Use small bar glass
3 or 4 dashes of gum syrup
2 do [dashes] bitters Bogart's
1 wine glass of gin
1 or 2 dashes of Curaçao
1 small piece lemon peel
fill one third full of fine ice shake well and strain in a glass^[1]

1. ^ Thomas (1862). How to mix drinks: or, The bon-vivant's companion... 

Old Fashioned Holland Gin Cocktail
Crush a small lump of sugar in a whiskey glass containing a little water,
add a lump of ice,
two dashes of Angostura bitters,
a small piece of lemon peel,
one jigger Holland gin.
Mix with small bar spoon.
Serve.^[1]

1. ^ Cite error: The named reference Kappeler_1895 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

A book by David Embury published in 1948 provides a slight variation,^[10] specifying 12 parts American whiskey, 1 part simple syrup, 1-3 dashes Angostura bitters, a twist of lemon peel over the top, and serve garnished with the lemon peel.

Two additional recipes from the 1900s vary in the precise ingredients, but omit the cherry which was introduced after 1930 as well as the soda water which the occasional recipe calls for. Orange bitters were a popular ingredient in the late 19th century.^[11]

Modifications

The original Old Fashioned recipe would have showcased the whiskey available in America in the 19th century: Irish, Bourbon or rye whiskey.^[12] But in some regions, especially Wisconsin, brandy is substituted for whiskey (sometimes called a Brandy Old Fashioned).^[13][14][15] Eventually the use of other spirits became common, such as a gin recipe becoming popularized in the late 1940s.^[12]

Common garnishes for an Old Fashioned include an orange slice or a maraschino cherry or both,^[12] although these modifications came around 1930, some time after the original recipe was invented.^[16] While some recipes began making sparse use of the orange zest for flavor, the practice of muddling orange and other fruit gained prevalence as late as the 1990s.^[16]

Cultural impact

The Old Fashioned is the cocktail of choice of Don Draper, the lead character on the Mad Men television series, set in the 1960s.^[17] The use of the drink in the series coincides with a renewed interest in this and other classic cocktails in the 2000s.^[18]

See also

• List of cocktails
• Cuisine of Kentucky
• History of Louisville, Kentucky

References

Further reading

• Clarke, Paul (11 January 2009). "Are You Friends, After an Old Fashioned?". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 November 2011.  - discusses internet forum debates among "home cocktail enthusiasts," using the Old Fashioned as a focal point.
• Minnich, Jerry. "The brandy old-fashioned: Solving the mystery behind Wisconsin's real state drink". The Daily Page. Madison, Wisconsin. Archived from the original on 10 June 2005. Retrieved 8 November 2011. 
• Patterson, Troy (3 November 2011). "The Old-Fashioned". Slate. Retrieved 8 November 2011. 
• Schmid, Albert W. A. (2012). The Old Fashioned: An Essential Guide to the Original Whiskey Cocktail. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-4173-2. 

External links

• Old Fashioned recipe, esquire.com
• Old Fashioned with Bourbon, thebar.com