Oculus VR

Oculus VR, LLC

Type	Subsidiary
Industry	Virtual reality
Founded	June 2012 (2012-06) in Irvine, California, United States
Founder	Palmer Luckey Brendan Iribe Michael Antonov Nate Mitchell
Headquarters	Menlo Park, California, United States
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Hugo Barra (Vice President, VR) Brendan Iribe (Vice President, PC VR) John D. Carmack (CTO) Michael Abrash (Chief Scientist)
Products	Oculus Rift Samsung Gear VR (partnership with Samsung)
Parent	Facebook
Website	oculus.com

Oculus VR is an American technology company founded by Palmer Luckey in June 2012 in Irvine, California, now based in Menlo Park. It specializes in virtual reality hardware and software products.

In April 2012, Luckey announced the Rift, a virtual reality headset designed for video gaming, and launched a Kickstarter campaign in August to make virtual reality headsets available to developers. The campaign proved successful and raised $2.4 Million, ten times the original goal of $250,000. Two pre-production models were released to developers: the Oculus VR DK1 (Development Kit 1) and Oculus VR DK2 (Development Kit 2). The consumer product was released on March 28, 2016 with an all-new design incorporating specialized VR displays, positional audio, and infrared tracking system.

In March 2014, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg agreed to acquire Oculus VR for US$2.3 billion in cash and stock.^[1][2][3] In 2015, Oculus VR acquired Surreal Vision, a British startup focused on 3D reconstruction and mixed reality, stating that it could be possible for Oculus VR to develop products with the concept of telepresence.

The company also partnered with Samsung to develop the Samsung Gear VR in November 2015, for the Samsung Galaxy smartphones.^[4]

History

Founding

As a head-mounted display (HMD) designer at the University of Southern California Institute for Creative Technologies, Palmer Luckey earned a reputation for having the largest personal collection of HMDs in the world, and was a longtime moderator in Meant to be Seen (MTBS)'s discussion forums.^[5]

Through MTBS's forums,^[6] Palmer developed the idea of creating a new head-mounted display that was both more effective than what is currently on the market, and inexpensive for gamers. To develop the new product, Luckey founded Oculus VR with Scaleform co-founders Brendan Iribe and Michael Antonov,^[7] Nate Mitchell and Andrew Scott Reisse.^[8]

Coincidentally, John Carmack of id Software had been doing his own research on HMDs and happened upon Palmer's developments as a fellow MTBS member.^[9] After sampling an early unit, Carmack favored Luckey's prototype and just before the 2012 Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3), id Software announced that their future updated version of Doom 3, Doom 3 BFG Edition, would be compatible with head-mounted display units.^[10]

During the convention, Carmack introduced a duct taped head-mounted display based on Palmer's Oculus Rift prototype, which ran Carmack's own software. The unit featured a high speed IMU and a 5.6-inch (14 cm) LCD, visible via dual lenses that were positioned over the eyes to provide a 90 degrees horizontal and 110 degrees vertical stereoscopic 3D perspective.^[11][12] Carmack later left id Software as he was hired as Oculus VR's Chief technology officer.^[13]

Funding for Oculus Rift and company

Following the demonstration of the Oculus Rift prototype at E3 in June 2012, on August 1, 2012, the company announced a Kickstarter campaign to further develop the product. Oculus announced that the "dev kit" version of the Oculus Rift would be given as a reward to backers who pledged $300 or more on Kickstarter, with an expected shipping date set of December 2012 (though they did not actually ship until March 2013).^[14]

There was also a limited run of 100 unassembled Rift prototype kits for pledges over $275 that would ship a month earlier. Both versions were intended to include Doom 3 BFG Edition, but Rift support in the game was not ready, so to make up for it they included a choice of discount vouchers for either Steam or the Oculus store.^[15] Within four hours of the announcement, Oculus secured its intended amount of US$250,000,^[16][17] and in less than 36 hours, the campaign had surpassed $1 million in funding,^[18] eventually ending with $2,437,429.^[19]

On December 12, 2013, Marc Andreessen joined the company's board when his firm, Andreessen Horowitz, led the $75 million Series B venture funding.^[20] In total, Oculus VR has raised $91 million with $2.4 million raised via crowdfunding.^[15]

Facebook acquisition and chief scientist

Although Oculus VR had only released a development prototype of its headset, on March 25, 2014, Mark Zuckerberg announced that Facebook would be acquiring Oculus VR for US$ $2 billion, pending regulatory approval. The deal includes $400 million in cash and 23.1 million common shares of Facebook, valued at $1.6 billion, as well as additional $300 million assuming Facebook reaches certain milestones.^[1][2][3] This move was ridiculed by some backers who felt the acquisition was counter to the independent ideology of crowdfunding.^[21]

Many Kickstarter backers and game industry figures, such as Minecraft developer Markus Persson, criticized the sale of Oculus VR to Facebook.^[22][23] On March 28, 2014, it was announced that Michael Abrash had joined the company as Chief Scientist.^[24]

As of January 2015, the Oculus VR Headquarters has been moved from Irvine, California to Menlo Park, California, where Facebook's Headquarters is also located. Oculus has stated that this move is for their employees to be closer to Silicon Valley.^[25]

Oculus Story Studio

In 2014, Oculus VR founded Oculus Story Studio to pioneer content creation for VR cinema. The studio is led by Creative Director Saschka Unseld, a six-year veteran of Pixar.^[26] The studio was first launched publicly at the 2015 Sundance Film Festival.^[27]

Partnership with Samsung

In 2014, Samsung partnered with Oculus to develop the Gear VR, after the success of the, in-development, Rift.^[28]

During the course of 2014-15, two Innovator Editions, in-development versions of the Gear VR mainly sold to developers for sole research and understanding, were developed, manufactured, and sold.^[29] The devices that the Innovator Editions used were the Note 4, Galaxy S6, and Galaxy S6 Edge.

On 20 November 2015, the consumer edition of the Gear VR was released to the public, and sold out during the first shipments. The device supported the Samsung Galaxy Note 5, Samsung Galaxy S6, Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge, Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge+, and later, the Samsung Galaxy S7, and Samsung Galaxy S7 Edge.^[30]

Acquisition of Surreal Vision

In May 2015, Oculus acquired British company Surreal Vision, a company based on 3D scene-mapping reconstruction and augmented reality. News reported that Oculus and Surreal Vision could create "mixed reality" technology in Oculus's products, similar to the upcoming HMD, Microsoft HoloLens.^[31] They reported that Oculus, with Surreal's help, will make telepresence possible.^[32]

Acquisition of The Eye Tribe

On December 28, 2016 media reported that Facebook Inc., the parent company of Oculus, has acquired the Danish startup The Eye Tribe for an undisclosed amount. The company delivers eye tracking technology that's used to improve virtual reality user experience and it has developed rendering technology that's only generating perfect graphics on the retina where you're looking.^[33]

Oculus Rift

Oculus Rift worn at a research showcase

The Oculus Rift is a virtual reality head-mounted display. Software, most notably video games, must be custom programmed to use the Rift. Developer kit preorders were made available for $300 through Oculus VR's website starting on September 26, 2012. These kits sold at a rate of 4–5 per minute for the first day, before slowing down throughout the week.^[34] In March 2014 at GDC, Oculus announced the upcoming Devkit 2 (DK2) which they expected to begin shipping in July 2014.^[35]

In January 2016 at CES 2016, Oculus announced it will start shipping the Oculus Rift headset to customers in 20 countries on March 28, and it will cost $599.^[36] In January 2016, as a gesture of appreciation, Oculus announced it will give the 6,855 people who participated in the 2012 Kickstarter project a special-edition Oculus Rift one day before the new product goes on sale to the public on March 28, 2016.^[37]

Oculus Touch motion controllers officially launched on December 6, 2016 for $199. Touch motion controllers had 53 game options at launch. Oculus Rift Earphones also started delivery on December 6, 2016 for $49.^[38]

ZeniMax Media lawsuit

Following Facebook's acquisition of Oculus VR, ZeniMax Media, the parent company of id Software and John Carmack's previous employer, sought legal action against Oculus, accusing the company of theft of intellectual property relating to the Oculus Rift due to Carmack's transition from id to Oculus. The case, ZeniMax v. Oculus, was heard in a jury trial in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, and their verdict was reached in February 2017, finding that Carmack had taken code from ZeniMax and used it in developing the Oculus Rift software, violating his non-disclosure agreement with ZeniMax, and Oculus' use of the code was considered copyright infringement. ZeniMax was awarded $500 million in the verdict, and both ZeniMax and Oculus are seeking further court actions.^[39][40]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oculus VR.

• Official website
• Official Oculus developer forum
• "Tuscany Demo" using AstoundSound on TrueAudio on YouTube — special version of Oculus VR's "Tuscany Demo" showcasing GenAudio's AstoundSound with calculations shunted to AMD TrueAudio.