Octopus (genus)

Octopus
Octopus vulgaris
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Octopoda
Family: Octopodidae
Subfamily: Octopodinae
Genus: Octopus
Cuvier, 1797
Species

Over 100, see text.

Octopus is the largest genus of octopuses, comprising more than 100 species. These species are widespread throughout the world's oceans. Many species formerly placed in the genus Octopus are now assigned to other genera within the family Octopodidae.[1][2]

The word is derived from the Greek number eight, "octo" (οχτώ) and "pous, podos" (πούς, ποδός) which means feet.

Species

  • Octopus alatus (Sasaki, 1920) (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus alecto Berry, 1953
  • Octopus araneoides * Iw. Taki, 1964 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus arborescens Hoyle, 1904 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus argus Krauss, 1848
  • Octopus australis Hoyle, 1885 – hammer octopus
  • Octopus balboai Voss, 1971
  • Octopus berenice Gray, 1849
  • Octopus berrima Stanks & Norman, 1992 – southern keeled octopus
  • Octopus bimaculatus Verrill, 1883 – California two-spot octopus or Verrill's two-spot octopus
  • Octopus bimaculoides Pickford & McConnaughey, 1949 – California two-spot octopus
  • Octopus bocki Adam, 1941 – Bock's pygmy octopus
  • Octopus briareus Robson, 1929 – Caribbean reef octopus
  • Octopus bulbus Norman, 2001
  • Octopus californicus Berry, 1911 – North Pacific bigeye octopus
  • Octopus campbelli Smith, 1902
  • Octopus chierchiae Jatta, 1889 – Lesser Pacific Striped Octopus
  • Octopus conispadiceus Sasaki, 1917 – chestnut octopus
  • Octopus cyanea Gray, 1849 – big blue octopus or Cyane's octopus,
  • Octopus diminutus Kaneko & Kubodera, 2008 [3]
  • Octopus favonius Gray, 1849
  • Octopus filamentosus Blainville, 1826 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus filosus Howell, 1867
  • Octopus fitchi Berry, 1953 – Fitch's pygmy octopus
  • Octopus fujitai Sasaki, 1929 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus gardineri Hoyle, 1905
  • Octopus globosus Appellöf, 1886 (taxon inquirendum) – globe octopus
  • Octopus gorgonus Huffard, 2007 [4]
  • Octopus harpedon Norman, 2001
  • Octopus hattai Sasaki, 1929
  • Octopus hawaiiensis Eydoux & Souleyet, 1852
  • Octopus hongkongensis Hoyle, 1885 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus hubbsorum Berry, 1953 – Hubb's octopus
  • Octopus humilisHuffard, 2007 [4]
  • Octopus hummelincki Adam, 1936 – bumblebee two-spot octopus or Caribbean two-spot octopus [5]
  • Octopus huttoni Benham, 1943
  • Octopus incella Kaneko & Kubodera, 2007
  • Octopus insularis Leite & Haimovici, 2008 [6]
  • Octopus joubini Robson, 1929 - Atlantic pygmy octopus or small-egg Caribbean pygmy octopus
  • Octopus kaharoa O'Shea, 1999
  • Octopus kaurna Stranks, 1990 – southern sand octopus
  • Octopus laqueus Kaneko & Kubodera, 2005
  • Octopus longispadiceus (Sasaki, 1917) (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus mariles Huffard, 2007 [4]
  • Octopus maya Voss & Solís, 1966 – Mexican four-eyed octopus
  • Octopus mercatoris Adam, 1937
  • Octopus mernoo O'Shea, 1999
  • Octopus microphthalmus Goodrich, 1896
  • Octopus micropyrsus Berry, 1953 – California Lilliput octopus
  • Octopus micros Norman, 2001
  • Octopus mimus Gould, 1852
  • Octopus minor (Sasaki, 1920) (taxon inquirendum)
    • O. m. minor (Sasaki, 1920) · accepted, alternate representation
    •
  • Octopus mutilans Taki, 1942
  • Octopus nanhaiensis Dong, 1976 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus nanus Adam, 1973
  • Octopus niveus Lesson, 1831 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus occidentalis Steenstrup in Hoyle, 1885
  • Octopus ochotensis (Sasaki, 1920) (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus oculifer Hoyle, 1904 – Galapagos reef octopus
  • Octopus oliveri (Berry, 1914)
  • Octopus oshimai (Sasaki, 1929) (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus pallidus Hoyle, 1885 – pale octopus
  • Octopus parvus Sasaki, 1917 – Japanese pygmy octopus
  • Octopus penicillifer Berry, 1954
  • Octopus pentherinus Rochebrune & Mabille, 1889 (nomen dubium)
  • Octopus prashadi Adam, 1939(taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus pricei * Berry, 1913 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus pumilus Norman & Sweeney, 1997
  • Octopus pyrum Norman, Hochberg & C. C. Lu, 1997
  • Octopus rubescens Berry, 1953 – East Pacific red octopus
  • Octopus salutii Vérany, 1836 – spider octopus
  • Octopus sanctaehelenae Robson, 1929
  • Octopus sasakii Taki, 1942 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus selene Voss, 1971 – moon octopus
  • Octopus stictochrus Voss, 1971
  • Octopus spinosus Sasaki, 1920 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus superciliosus frilled pygmy octopus
  • Octopus tehuelchus d'Orbigny, 1834 – Tehuelche octopus
  • Octopus tenebricus Smith, 1884
  • Octopus tetricus Gould, 1852 – gloomy octopus or common Sydney octopus
  • Octopus tsugarensis Sasaki, 1920 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus validus Sasaki, 1920 (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus veligero Berry, 1953 – veiled octopus
  • Octopus verrucosus Hoyle, 1885
  • Octopus vitiensis Hoyle, 1885 – bighead octopus
  • Octopus vulgaris Cuvier, 1797 – common octopus
  • Octopus warringa Stranks, 1990 -club pygmy octopus
  • Octopus wolfi (Wülker, 1913) -star-sucker pygmy octopus
  • Octopus yendoi (Sasaki, 1920) (taxon inquirendum)
  • Octopus zonatus Voss, 1968 – Atlantic banded octopus

The species listed above with an asterisk (*) are questionable and need further study to determine if they are valid species or synonyms.[7]

Species brought into synonymy

References

  1. ↑ Gofas, S. (2013). "Octopus Cuvier 1798". World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 31 March 2014.
  2. ↑ Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2015). Octopus Cuvier, 1798. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=138268 on 2015-02-01
  3. ↑ Kaneko, N. & Kubodera, T. (2008). "Two new species of pygmy octopuses (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from deep water off the Ryukyu Archipelago, southern Japan." Molluscan Research 28(3): 145–157.
  4. 1 2 3 Huffard, C.L. (2007). Four new species of shallow water pygmy octopus (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) from the Kingdom of Tonga. Molluscan Research 27(3): 147–170.
  5. ↑ Octopus hummelincki Adam, 1936 (Mollusca, Cephalopoda): specific name conserved
  6. ↑ Leite, T. S.; Haimovici, M.; Molina, W.; Warnke, K. (2007). "Morphological and genetic description of Octopus insularis, a new cryptic species in the Octopus vulgaris complex (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae) from the tropical southwestern Atlantic". Journal of Molluscan Studies. 74 (1): 63–74. doi:10.1093/mollus/eym050.
  7. ↑ Sweeney, M.J. (2001). "Current Classification of Recent Cephalopoda." (PDF). – updated May 4, 2001. 59 pp.
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