Calochortus nuttallii

Calochortus nuttallii
Sego lily
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Genus: Calochortus
Species: C. nuttallii
Binomial name
Calochortus nuttallii
Torr. & A.Gray
Synonyms[1]
  • Calochortus luteus Nutt. 1834, illegitimate homonym not Douglas ex Lindl. 1833
  • Calochortus watsonii M.E.Jones
  • Calochortus rhodothecus Clokey
Near Kolob Canyon in Zion National Park, Utah

Calochortus nuttallii — known as sego lily — is a bulbous perennial which is endemic to the Western United States.

It is the state flower of Utah.[2]

Distribution

The plant is native to a number of western states including Idaho, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.[3]

Description

Painting by Mary E. Eaton[2]

Calochortus nuttallii are around 15–45 cm (6–18 inches) in height and have linear leaves.[3]

Plants have 1 to 4 flowers, each with 3 white petals (and 3 sepals) which are tinged with lilac (occasionally magenta) and have a purplish band radiating from the yellow base. A yellow petaled form with deep purple bands is known from Petrified Forest National Park.[4] The plant blooms in early summer, with flowers that can be up to 3 inches across.[5][6]

Taxonomy

Calochortus nuttallii is a species within the genus Calochortus, in a sub-group generally referred to as Mariposa Lilies. The specific epithet nuttallii, named for the English botanist and zoologist, Thomas Nuttall, was ascribed to the species by the American botanists John Torrey and Asa Gray when it was officially described in 1857.

former varieties[1][7]

A number of former varieties of Calochortus nuttallii have been reclassified as distinct species:

Uses

Culinary

Native Americans had culinary uses for the bulbs, seeds, and flowers of the plant. Bulbs were roasted, boiled, or made into a porridge by the Hopi, Havasupai, Navajo, Paiute, Gosiute, and Ute peoples.[8][9][10] The Hopi used the yellow flower ceremonially.

They taught the Mormon pioneer immigrants to use the bulb for badly needed food. This resulted in the sego lily being formally designated as the Utah State Flower in 1911.[11]

Cultivation

Calochortus nuttallii is cultivated as an ornamental plant for its attractive tulip-shaped flowers and to attract/support native pollinator species.[12] It prefers a deep, sandy soil with good drainage, and is cold-hardy. Plants can be propagated from newly formed bulblets which take two years to flower.[13]

References

  1. 1 2 Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. 1 2 Source: "Our State Flowers: The Floral Emblems Chosen by the Commonwealths", The National Geographic Magazine, XXXI (June 1917), p. 512.
  3. 1 2 "Calochortus nuttallii". Flora of North America. eFloras.org. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
  4. ↑ Northern Arizona University: Petrified Forest Nat'l Park, Arizona. Yellow Sego Lilies (Calochortus nuttalli)
  5. ↑ NPIN: Calochortus nuttalli
  6. ↑ Extension.usu.edu: Range Plants of Utah − Sego Lily
  7. ↑ "Calochortus nuttallii". electronic Plant Information Centre (ePIC). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
  8. ↑ University of Michigan at Dearborn: Native American Ethnobotany of Calochortus nuttallii
  9. ↑ "Mariposa Lily (Calochortus nuttallii)". Native Wildflowers of the North Dakota Grasslands. Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
  10. ↑ Chamberlin, R.V. "The Ethno-botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah" (PDF). Memoirs of the American Anthropological Association Vol II, part 5. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
  11. ↑ "Utah State Flower". Netstate.com. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
  12. ↑ NPIN: Calochortus nuttallii
  13. ↑ "Calachotus nuttalli". Plants for a Future. Retrieved 2007-11-12.
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