Norwich University

Norwich University – The Military College of Vermont

Motto	I Will Try[1]
Type	Private military college
Established	1819
Endowment	$175.8 million[2]
President	Richard W. Schneider
Academic staff	112
Undergraduates	2,100+
Postgraduates	1,300
Location	Northfield, Vermont, United States
Campus	Rural, 1200 acres (420 hectares)
Colors	Maroon & Gold
Athletics	NCAA Division III Great Northeast Athletic Conference 18 sports teams
Mascot	Cadet
Website	www.norwich.edu

Norwich University – The Military College of Vermont is a private university located in Northfield, Vermont. It is the oldest private military college in the United States. The university was founded in 1819 at Norwich, Vermont, as the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy. It is the oldest of six senior military colleges, and is recognized by the United States Department of Defense as the "Birthplace of ROTC" (Reserve Officers' Training Corps).^[3]

History

Partridge and his military academy

The university was founded in 1819 at Norwich, Vermont by Captain Alden Partridge, military educator and former superintendent of West Point. Partridge believed in the "American System of Education," a traditional liberal arts curriculum with instruction in civil engineering (the first in the nation) and military science. After leaving West Point because of congressional disapproval of his system, he returned to his native state of Vermont to create the American Literary, Scientific and Military Academy. Partridge, in founding the academy, rebelled against the reforms of Sylvanus Thayer to prevent the rise of what he saw as the greatest threat to the security of the young republic: an aristocratic officer class. He believed that a well-trained militia was an urgent necessity and developed the American system around that idea. His academy became the inspiration for a number of military colleges throughout the nation, including The Citadel, and later the land grant colleges created through the Morrill Act of 1862.^[4] Today, Norwich offers substantial online distance graduate programs and is similar in many regards to The Citadel in mission, online offerings, student body composition, and size. Partridge was the founding father of ROTC and the Citizen-Soldier concept.^[5]

All entering freshman entering the Corps of Cadets are called "Rooks" and their first year at Norwich is called "Rookdom". The institution of "Rookdom" consists of two three-month processes that mold civilians into Norwich Cadets: Rook Basic Training and Basic Leadership Training. Culmination of Rook Basic Training marks the halfway point toward Recognition and occurs before Thanksgiving break, after which Rooks are awarded privileges. Recognition into the Corps of Cadets typically occurs around the twenty-third week.

Partridge's educational beliefs were considered radical at the time, and this led to his conflicting views with the federal government while he was the superintendent of West Point. Upon creation of his own school, he immediately incorporated classes of agriculture and modern languages in addition to the sciences, liberal arts, and various military subjects. Field exercises, for which Partridge borrowed cannon and muskets from the federal and state governments, supplemented classroom instruction and added an element of realism to the college’s program of well-rounded military education.

Partridge founded six other military institutions during his quest to reform the fledgling United States military. They were the Virginia Literary, Scientific and Military Academy at Portsmouth, Virginia (1839–1846), Pennsylvania Literary, Scientific, and Military Academy at Bristol, Pennsylvania (1842–1845), Pennsylvania Military Institute at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (1845–1848), Wilmington Literary, Scientific and Military Academy at Wilmington, Delaware (1846–1848), the Scientific and Military Collegiate Institute at Reading, Pennsylvania (1850–1854), Gymnasium and Military Institute at Pembroke, New Hampshire (1850–1853) and the National Scientific and Military Academy at Brandywine Springs, Delaware (1853).^[6]

Fire and hardship: the 19th century

In 1825 the academy moved to Middletown, Connecticut, to provide better naval training to the school's growing corps of cadets. Beginning in 1826, the college offered the first program of courses in civil engineering in the US. In 1829, the state of Connecticut declined to grant Captain Partridge a charter and he moved the school back to Norwich (the Middletown campus became Wesleyan University in 1831). In 1834 Vermont granted a charter and recognized the institution as Norwich University. During the 1856 academic year, the first chapter of the Theta Chi Fraternity was founded by cadets Frederick Norton Freeman and Arthur Chase. With the beginning of the Civil War in 1861, Norwich cadets served as instructors of the state militias throughout the Northeast and the entire class of 1862 enlisted upon its graduation. Norwich turned out hundreds of officers and soldiers who served with the federal armies in the American Civil War, including four recipients of the Medal of Honor. One graduate led a corps, seven more headed divisions, 21 commanded brigades, 38 led regiments, and various alumni served in 131 different regimental organizations. In addition, these men were eyewitnesses to some of the war's most dramatic events, including the bloodiest day of the conflict at Antietam, the attack up Marye's Heights at Fredericksburg, and the repulse of Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg. Seven hundred and fifty Norwich men served in the Civil War, of whom sixty fought for the Confederacy.^[7] Because of the university's participation in the struggle, the number of students dwindled to seven in the class of 1864 alone.

The Confederate raid on St. Albans, Vermont precipitated fear that Newport, Vermont was an imminent target. The Corps of Cadets quickly boarded an express train for Newport, the same day, October 19, 1864, to the great relief of the inhabitants.^[8]

After a catastrophic fire in 1866 which devastated the Old South Barracks and the entire Military Academy, the town of Northfield welcomed the struggling school. The Civil War, the fire, and the uncertainty regarding the continuation of the University seriously lowered the attendance, and the school opened in the fall of 1866 with only 19 students. The 1870s and 1880s saw many financially turbulent times for the institution and the renaming of the school to Lewis College in 1880. In 1881 the student body was reduced to only a dozen men. Later, by 1884, the Vermont Legislature had the name of the school changed back to Norwich. In the 1890s the United States Army and Norwich expanded their collaboration, including the two-year appointment of career officer Jesse McI. Carter as an instructor and Commandant of Cadets. In 1898 the university was designated as the Military College of the State of Vermont.

War and expansion: the 20th century

As part of the Vermont National Guard, the school's Corps of Cadets was mobilized as a squadron of cavalry in the First Vermont Regiment to assist in General John J. Pershing's Mexican Expedition. This greatly disrupted the academic year and in 1916 the War Department designated Norwich as the first site for a Senior ROTC cavalry unit; also in 1916, the first African-American, Harold "Doc" Martin (NU 1920), matriculated. Classes graduated early for both the First and Second World Wars and many Norwich-made officers saw service in all theaters of both conflicts. Professional education offered at Norwich also changed and adapted with the advance of technology. Military flight training began in 1939 and from 1946 to 1947, horse cavalry was completely phased out in favor of armored cavalry.

Graduates returning from European and Pacific fields of battle found a university very different from the one they had left behind. From the late 1940s to the 1960s, Norwich was greatly expanded and added a number of new opportunities. In 1947, the Army Department created a new program uniquely suited to Vermont's harsh climate: a mountain and cold weather warfare unit. Air Force and Navy ROTC programs were established in 1972 and 1984 respectively. During the 1974 school year, the university admitted women into the Corps of Cadets, two years before the federal service academies. Although unpopular at the time, Norwich University began a social trend that would move the country closer in gender equality. The 1972 merger and 1993 integration with Vermont College added two groups to "the Hill," women and civilian students. Norwich later sold its Vermont College campus and non-traditional degree programs to the Union Institute and University in 2001.^[9] Vermont College's arts programs were spun off as the once again independent Vermont College of Fine Arts in 2008.

Prior to the 2009–2010 school year companies consisted of one upperclassmen platoon and one freshmen platoon, with each platoon consisting of three squads. The companies in the original system were Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf, Hotel, India, Kilo, Lima, Mike, Band, Drill Team, Military Police and Artillery. The companies Alpha through Mike were known as "line companies", and were part of Battalions 1, 2, 3 and 4. Band, Drill Team, Military Police and Artillery were placed in Provisional Battalion. Under this traditional system a cadet could spend his entire time at the school in one company. While this had the benefit of creating unique cultures and traditions in each company, and strengthened the bond each cadet had with his/her fellow "Rook Buddies" and the Corps and school at large, sometimes long-standing company traditions would lead to fraternity-like hazing and eventually challenge the authority of the Corps chain of command.

In 2009, the Provisional Artillery Company was deactivated.^[10]

Hazing

In the nineteenth century, hazing of undergraduates by upper classmen was normal in all military schools and many non-military ones as well. Hazing diminished in the early 20th century. By the late 20th century, it became not only counter to university rules but illegal as well. Nevertheless, there have been several instances of hazing in 1990 and 1995.^[11]

Campus

Academic buildings

Ainsworth Hall

In 1910 Ainsworth Hall was constructed for the United States Weather Bureau as its central Vermont station. Later returned to the university in 1948, it served as the Administrative Headquarters of the campus. By 1955, growth of the University forced the relocation of the Administration back up the hill to Dewey Hall. When also in 1955 construction began on Webb Hall to the immediate west of the building, the infirmary moved into the now empty structure. Due to expansion of the university in the 1960s and 1970s the building was converted into the home of the Division of Social Sciences. The building is named for Mrs. Laura Ainsworth, widow of Captain James E. Ainsworth (NU 1853), who in 1915 worked to bring an infirmary to campus.

Chaplin Hall

Chaplin Hall, originally Carnegie Hall, was built in 1907. The School of Architecture & Art is located there. Paid for by Andrew Carnegie, the building served as the university's library until 1993 with the construction of Kreitzberg Library. When the library was renovated in 1952, from the contributions of trustee Henry P. Chaplin, it was rededicated as the Henry Prescott Chaplin Memorial Library. Until 1941 and the addition of Partridge Hall to the growing campus, Chaplin Hall also provided the classrooms and offices for the Department of Electrical Engineering.

Communications Building

This building, on the site of the first building in Center Northfield, contains the offices and classrooms of the Communications Department. The offices for the school newspaper The Guidon and the studios for the university's radio station WNUB-FM are also located in this building. The building was purchased by the university in 1973 and restored in 1988.

Dewey Hall

Named for Admiral of the Navy George Dewey (NU 1852–1854), and completed in 1902, Dewey Hall is one of the oldest buildings in the Northfield campus. It was originally two stories high with the lower floor occupied by offices of the university's administration, the library and museum. Office space for trustees and faculty, a chapel with a seating of five hundred and the United States Weather Bureau were located on the second floor. With the departure of the Weather Bureau in 1909 and the completion of the then new Carnegie Library in 1907 the Hall was primarily used by the Military Department. In October 1925 a fire gutted the building which led to its reconstruction as a three story structure. Dewey Hall currently houses the Division of Business & Management and a computer lab.

Hollis House

Hollis House is today the location of a number of classrooms and offices of the College of Liberal Arts. Built in 1852, the building was until 1909 the house of a number of prominent residents of Northfield. When sold that year to the university, it became part of the US Weather Bureau's station collocated on campus. The building was later named for David B. "Dixie" Hollis (NU 1922) who upon his death in 1993 gave what was then the largest donation in the university's history: $7 million.

Engineering, Math and Science Complex

The Engineering, Math and Science Complex houses the David Crawford School of Engineering as well as the departments of Geology, Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Mathematics and Sports Medicine. An addition of Nursing was completed in 2011. The complex (known as the "U" building) is composed of six sections: Juckett, Partridge and Tompkins Halls; the Science Building, Bartolleto Hall and the Cabot Annex. The complex was completed in 1997 and replaced a previous set of 1940s- and 1950s-era facilities. The Engineering, Math and Science Complex also contains the university's Computer Services office and the majority of the campus' independent computer labs.

Kreitzberg Library

Kreitzberg Library is named in recognition of Barbara and Chairman of the Board of Trustees Fred Kreitzberg (NU 1957).^[12] The library has a catalog of more than 240,000 books, about 45,000 electronic journals, and a collection of federal government publications. The Norwich University Archives and Special Collections has rare books and unique source materials relating to military history, the history of Vermont, and the history of the university. The 58,000-square-foot (5,400 m²) library was designed by Perry Dean Rogers Architects. It was completed in 1993 at a cost of $8.1 million. The administration has announced that the library will go through a period of reconstruction starting in 2015, during which the building will be upgraded and a cafe will be installed on the first floor.. Completed on September 1, 2015, 77% more seating, group study rooms, an improved service desk, and other improved technologies.^[13]

Webb Hall

Webb Hall was completed in 1960 and originally housed the English, Modern Languages, Social Sciences, Business Administration and the Psychology and Education departments. The Division of Humanities and Education program are located in this building. Twenty one classrooms, three seminar rooms and a computer lab are available.

Dole Auditorium, which can seat over four hundred people, is located in Webb Hall. The building is named after J. Watson Webb, a Norwich trustee. The auditorium honors Charles Dole (NU 1869), who served in his career at the university as an instructor in mathematics and Latin, a professor of history and rhetoric, the commandant of cadets and acting president of the university from 1895 to 1896.

Cadet barracks

• Hawkins Hall – Named for General Rush Hawkins, a colonel in the Civil War, and philanthropist. Built in 1940 and renovated in 1994 and again in 2008
• Dodge Hall – Named for Major General Grenville M. Dodge, a leader in the construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad and US Congressman. Originally named Cabot Hall, it was built in 1937 and renovated in 1998 and again in 2013
• Patterson Hall – Named for a 1909 graduate in civil engineering and a trustee. Built in 1958
• Goodyear Hall – Named for Major General A. Conger Goodyear, a trustee and founder of the Museum of Modern Art. Built in 1955 and renovated in 1999 and again in 2015
• Wilson Hall – Named for Governor of Vermont, Stanley Calef Wilson. Renovated in 2011
• Alumni Hall – First housing-only hall at the Northfield campus, named for the significant alumnus contributions that allowed for its construction. Built in 1905 and renovated in 2005
• Ransom Hall – Named after Colonel Truman B. Ransom, the second president of the university who was killed leading the assault on Chapultepec during the Mexican-American War.^[14] Built in 1957
• Gerard Hall – Named after industrialist and philanthropist Jacques A. Gerard who became a trustee in 1959. Built in 1962, and renovated in 2010

Residence halls

• Crawford Hall – Named after David C. Crawford (1952) and after whom the School of Engineering is also named, it is the first residence hall to not be on the Upper Parade Ground and was typically reserved for traditional students. As of 2012, it housed both upperclassmen in the Corps of Cadets and civilians. Since the opening of West Hall, it solely houses cadets. Built in 1988.
• South Hall – It is the second dorm to be located off of the Upper Parade Ground and is reserved for traditional students. Built in 2009, it opened for the 2009–10 school year.
• Dalrymple Hall – The newest residence hall, completed in 2014 at a cost of $23.2 million. Tuition will rise 3% as a result of this new building.^[15]

Athletic buildings

Andrews Hall

Andrews Hall, built in 1980, houses the Department of Athletics. In addition, it has basketball and racquetball courts and the equipment and athletic training rooms for the university's varsity and intramural teams. The Athletic Hall of Fame is also located in Andrews Hall. The facility honors trustee Paul R. Andrews (NU 1930).

Kreitzberg Arena

Kreitzberg Arena is home to the men’s and women’s varsity ice hockey teams, as well as the school’s club team.

Plumley Armory

The armory, built in 1928, is named to honor a notable 1896 graduate of the university, Charles A. Plumley. Plumley served as the president of the university from 1930 to 1934 when he was elected to Congress as Vermont's sole representative from 1934 to 1951. The main floor of the building provides seating space for 4,000 in an area as large as three basketball courts. There is an elevated running track as well as locker rooms, training rooms, and Navy ROTC offices in the basement. Connected to the armory is Goodyear Pool. Built in 1962, the pool is a 25 x 14 yard 5 lane facility that is open to all university members.

Sabine Field

Dedicated in 1921, Sabine Field is currently home to the university football and cross country teams. Sabine field is slated for a complete renovation. The renovation will include the installation of all-weather turf, stadium lighting, new bleachers, and a state-of-the-art press box. It is designed so that lacrosse, soccer, and rugby will also be able to use the field.

Shapiro Field House

Shapiro Field House, built in 1987 and named for trustee Jacob Shapiro (NU 1936), houses a multipurpose arena that has a 200-meter indoor running track, four tennis courts, and a climbing wall. It is also used for morning PT (Physical Training), athletic practices, Commencement, concerts and other university functions.

Other buildings

The Harmon Memorial

The Harmon Memorial is a tribute to Major General Ernest Harmon, who attended Norwich University from 1912 to 1913 and was later president from 1950 to 1968. Recorded on the memorial, by year of death, are the names of alumni, faculty, staff, and friends of Norwich University that have made a "significant contribution" to the university.

Harmon Hall & Wise Campus Center

Harmon Hall opened in 1955 and later enlarged in 1958. Since then, it has served as the focal point for student life and activities. The campus mess hall, bookstore, post office, and The Mill (a snack bar open to Corps upperclassmen and civilians) are located on the lower two floors. The Foreign Student Office, Student Activities, Yearbook Office, Music Program offices, a game room, and a lounge were located on the top floor. This floor originally housed the departments of English, History, and Modern Languages until they were moved to Webb Hall in 1960. Harmon Hall was renovated in 2007. The addition onto Harmon Hall is named the Wise Campus Center.

Jackman Hall

Norwich University moved to Northfield from Norwich, Vermont, in 1866 when the South Barracks at the older location were destroyed by fire. Old Jackman Hall was the first building to be constructed at the new central Vermont site. The building was erected in 1868, and named Jackman Hall in 1907 to honor Brigadier General Alonzo Jackman (NU 1836) a faculty member, proponent of the Transatlantic telegraph cable and militia Brigadier General during the American Civil War. From its construction till 1905 the building served as housing for cadets. In the mid-1950s Jackman Hall was extensively remodeled and modernized, however, it became apparent that the almost century-old barracks were too costly to maintain. It was decided that rather than pay for near continual upkeep to build a new hall on the same site. As many newer barracks had been built since its original construction it was decided that the new Jackman Hall would serve as the primary administration building. Currently the Army and Air Force ROTC departments are also housed in Jackman Hall.

White Chapel

Constructed by a gift from Eugene L. White (NU 1914), a trustee, the chapel was completed in 1941. Originally designed as a multi-purpose building, then White Hall has served as a mess hall with a dining room, lunch room, kitchen, a college store and a recreational room. White Hall was converted to the university's first single-purpose chapel after Harmon Hall was opened in 1955. There are two bronze plaques on the walls that honor the Norwich war dead. Weekly services include Catholic Mass on Wednesday and Sunday, non-denominational service on Sunday, and Islamic prayer on Friday.

Sullivan Museum and History Center

One of the newer buildings on the campus, the Sullivan Museum was opened January 22, 2007. The building is named after General Gordon R. Sullivan (ret.), Norwich class of 1959 and former U.S. Army Chief of Staff. The Sullivan Museum houses state of the art conservation, storage, and display facilities for the wide variety of Norwich University artifacts and memorabilia. Items currently displayed cover a wide spectrum of Norwich history, including uniforms worn by Alden Partridge and Alonzo Jackman to pieces from more recent history.

Students and organization

The university has approximately a total of 3,400 students, 2,100 undergraduate students/ 1300 graduate students, 112 full-time faculty (approximately 80% hold a doctorate), and a fluctuating number of adjunct professors. The student/faculty ratio is 14:1 and a male/female ratio is 7:1. The freshman retention rate is 80%. The student body comprises students from over 45 different states and 20 countries.

As of 2011, 72.9 percent of full-time undergraduates receive some kind of need-based financial aid and the average need-based scholarship or grant award is $18,150.

The university offers a number of student services including nonremedial tutoring, placement service, health service, and health insurance. Norwich University also offers campus safety and security services like 24-hour foot and vehicle patrols, 24-hour emergency telephones, and lighted pathways/sidewalks. 42% of students have cars on campus and 83% of students live on campus. Alcohol is not permitted for students of legal age at Norwich University with exception of Partridge’s Pub. More than 90% are involved in activities outside the classroom.

Norwich University has two different on-campus resident programs: the traditional Corps of Cadets and a non-military student body. 63.5% of applicants to Norwich are accepted yearly.^[16]

Corps of Cadets

The Norwich Cadet’s Creed

I believe that the cardinal virtues of the individual are courage, honesty, temperance and wisdom; and that the true measure of success is service rendered—to God, to Country, and to Mankind.

I believe that the fundamental problem of society is to maintain a free government wherein liberty may be secured through obedience to law, and that a citizen soldiery is the cornerstone upon which such a government must rest.

I believe that real education presupposes a sense of proportion in physical, mental, and moral development; and that he alone is educated who has learned the lessons of self-control and open-mindedness.

I believe in Norwich, my Alma Mater, because within her halls throughout the years these tenets have found expression while men have been taught to be loyal to duly constituted authority in thought and word and deed; to view suffrage as a sacred privilege to be exercised only in accordance with the dictates of conscience; to regard public office as a public trust; and finally to fight, and if need be to die, in defense of the cherished institutions of America.

Organization

Cadet officers and non-commissioned officers command the Corps of Cadets. As leaders, they are responsible for the day-to-day administration, operation, training and discipline of the Corps. Norwich is one of six senior military colleges in the country recognized by Title 10 of the U.S. Code, Section 2111a(f). This entitles eligible ROTC graduates to active duty service if they so choose. The Corps is structured as a regiment commanded by a cadet colonel (C/COL) with five battalions each commanded by a cadet lieutenant colonel (C/LTC) and a Headquarters company commanded by a cadet major. 1st, 2nd, and provisional battalions are composed of companies of upperclassmen commanded by a cadet captain with two or three platoons per company. 3rd and 4th Battalion are freshman training battalions and are composed of three companies of three platoons each.

This structure was put in place for the 2009–2010 school year, replacing the more traditional "Original Company" system.

New Corps structure (Fall 2009 onwards):

Headquarters	1st Battalion	2nd Battalion	3rd Battalion	4th Battalion	Provisional Battalion
Headquarters Company (HHC)	Alpha	Delta	Cadet Training Company 17-1 (CTC 1)	Cadet Training Company 17-4 (CTC 4)	Regimental Band[17]
	Bravo	Echo	Cadet Training Company 17-2 (CTC 2)	Cadet Training Company 17-5 (CTC 5)	Drill[18]
	Charlie	Foxtrot	Cadet Training Company 17-3 (CTC 3)	Cadet Training Company 17-6 (CTC 6)	Cavalry Troop[19]

Norwich University Corps of Cadets rank insignia follows West Point with the use of chevrons to show all cadet ranks in lieu of chevrons, disks & lozenges. As of the 2010 academic year, the rank structure has changed. Juniors and seniors are no longer permitted the rank of sergeant, but rather default to the rank of private if they hold no responsibilities in the Corps of Cadets. Likewise, sophomores no longer default to the rank of corporal unless they hold some sort of responsibility.

Ranks are as follows:

• Freshman: Rook, Private
• Sophomore: Private, Corporal
• Junior: Private, Sergeant, Staff Sergeant, Sergeant First Class, Master Sergeant, First Sergeant, Sergeant Major, Command Sergeant Major
• Senior: Private, Sergeant, Command Sergeant Major, 2nd Lieutenant, 1st Lieutenant, Captain, Major, Lieutenant Colonel, Colonel

Special units

The college has several special units that are supervised by federal ROTC units. The Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (AROTC) detachment contains the Norwich Artillery Battery,^[20] the Norwich Ranger Company, the Ranger Challenge team, and the Mountain Cold Weather Company. The NROTC detachment sponsors a chapter of the Golden Anchor Society.

Academics

Norwich has 29 majors across six academic divisions with the most popular major being criminal justice.

Graduate program

The College of Graduate and Continuing Studies^[21] oversees the university's graduate programs. The majority of the graduate programs are conducted on a distance learning platform. The university offers accredited and highly recognized programs in a range of fields including diplomacy, military history, history, business administration, civil engineering, justice administration, public administration, information assurance, education, nursing, and organizational leadership.^[22]

Norwich offers 9 online graduate programs, including a combined 5-year Master of Architecture program, and, since 2001, a National Security Agency-sponsored Centers of Academic Excellence in Information Assurance Education.^[23]

Rankings

Norwich was ranked by U.S. News & World Report in 2014 at 74th in the Regional Universities (North) category.^[24]

Athletics

Norwich offers 20 varsity sports, including baseball, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, football, men's and women's ice hockey, men's and women's lacrosse, men's and women's rugby, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's swimming and diving, softball, men's tennis, wrestling, and women's volleyball. The Cadets compete at the NCAA Division III level and are affiliated in four conferences, mainly the Great Northeast Athletic Conference (GNAC) and the Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference. The football team has competed in the Eastern Collegiate Football Conference since 2009. The college also has a number of student clubs for sports such as golf, paintball, fencing, horseback riding etc.^[25]

Football

The Cadets first fielded a football team in 1893. Among early notable moments is a 28-6 loss to Boston College at Fenway Park in 1914, the first college football game ever played at that venue. Overall, the program has appeared in 7 ECAC Bowl games (1984, 2003, 2004, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014) and 2 NCAA Tournaments (2011, 2015). Norwich has produced 16 All-Americans, and has won or shared 4 Eastern Collegiate Football Conference (ECFC) Championships (2009, 2011, 2013 w/Gallaudet University, 2015). Six former Cadets have reached an NFL camp.

Since the formation of the ECFC in 2009, Norwich leads the league in conference wins, overall wins, academic all-conference selections, and postseason appearances. Through the 2015 season, Norwich is one of a handful of teams who have reached the postseason 7 consecutive years. Norwich will depart the ECFC in 2017 for the NEWMAC.

The Cadets' home field is Sabine Field at Haynes Family Stadium. The field underwent a massive renovation for the 2013 season, transitioning from grass to turf, and adding lights for night contests. Since 2009, Norwich football is 28-8 at home (24-2 in conference games). Campus folklore includes a tale of a ghost of an old cavalry cadet who guards the gate to the stadium.

Rivalries

Norwich's most prominent football rivals include Middlebury College, Castleton University, and the United States Coast Guard Academy. The series with Middlebury concluded after the 1991 season, after 99 contests, with the NESCAC's decision to eliminate non-conference football competition. Castleton founded their football program in 2009, and the Norwich game quickly became an intense rivalry. The Norwich/Coast Guard series (the Little Army/Navy Game) has been dormant since 2005, but will resume in 2017.

All three rivalry games involve a traveling trophy awarded to the winner:

• Norwich vs. Middlebury: The Wadsworth Trophy
• Norwich vs. Coast Guard: The Mug
• Norwich vs. Castleton: The Maple Sap Bucket

Rugby

Women's rugby has existed at Norwich since 1985 and gained a varsity status in 2008. They won the inaugural USA Rugby Collegiate Division II National Championship in the spring of 2012 and a USA Rugby Collegiate Division 1 National Sevens Title in the fall of 2011.^[26]

Ice hockey

Men's ice hockey is nationally ranked and had its 100th season in 2009–10. The program has won Eastern Collegiate Athletic Conference East hockey championships in the regular season every year from 1998–2016.^[27] They won the NCAA Division III Men's Ice Hockey Championship title in 2000, 2003, 2010, and 2017. In 2010, Norwich defeated St. Norbert College, 2–1, in double overtime.^[28] Overall, the program has reached the NCAA Division III Frozen Four 12 times.

2007–08 marked the first season of competition for the Norwich women's ice hockey program. A year later, the Cadets won their first-ever ECAC East conference championship and advanced to the NCAA Division III Women's Ice Hockey tournament. Norwich won the program's first NCAA Division III title in 2011.^[29]

Other Sports

Women's lacrosse program gained varsity status in 2008. They have won 3 consecutive Great Northeast Athletic Conference Titles (2010, 2011, 2012), advancing to the NCAA Division III Tournament each time.

Rifle team won the national intercollegiate rifle championship in 1916^[30] and 1920.^[31] It is no longer a sport at the school.

National Champions

Rifle (2): 1916, 1920

Women's Rugby (6): 2011 Division I Sevens (USA Rugby), 2012 Division II 15s (USA Rugby), 2012 Division I Sevens (USA Rugby), 2013 Division I Sevens (USA Rugby), 2013 Division I 15s (ACRA), 2014 Division I Sevens (ACRA)^[32]

Men's Hockey (4): 2000, 2003, 2010, 2017

Women's Hockey (1): 2011

Notable alumni

Military

138 graduates of Norwich University have served as general officers in the U.S. armed forces: 102 Army generals, 12 Air Force generals, 9 Marine Corps generals, and 16 Navy admirals. 26 graduates served as generals in foreign armies: 9 Royal Thai Army generals, 1 Royal Thai Air Force general, and 16 Republic of China Army generals.^[33][34]

Among the notable military graduates and former students of Norwich are:

• Rear Admiral Hiram Paulding (class of 1822) – Commander of the Navy's Home Squadron, 1856–1858; Commandant of the New York Navy Yard
• Commander James H. Ward (1823) – First Commandant of the United States Naval Academy; first Union Naval officer killed in action during the American Civil War.
• Gideon Welles (1826) – United States Secretary of the Navy from 1861–1869.
• Major General William Huntington Russell (1828) – Commander of Connecticut state militia during the American Civil War; founder of the Skull and Bones society at Yale University.
• Captain George Musalas "Colvos" Colvocoresses (1831) – Commanded USS Saratoga during the American Civil War.
• Major General Horatio G. Wright (attended 1834–1836) – Commander of the VI Corps of the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War; Chief of Engineers for the Army; Chief Engineer for the completion of the Washington Monument.
• Major General Lewis Samuel Partridge (1838) – Nephew of Alden Partridge, Adjutant General of the Vermont Militia from 1852–1854.
• Brigadier General Thomas E. G. Ransom (attended 1848–1850) – general in the Union Army during the American Civil War. At various times, he commanded divisions of XIII, XVI and XVII Corps.
• Major General Grenville M. Dodge (1851) – Commander, Department of the Missouri; Chief Engineer of Union Pacific during construction of the Transcontinental Railroad. Dodge City, Kansas is named in his honor.^[35][36]
• Brigadier General Frederick W. Lander (1852) – Surveyor of railroad routes and wagon trails in the Far West; commanded a division in the Army of the Potomac during the American Civil War.
• Admiral of the Navy George Dewey (attended 1852–1854) – Commanded the Navy's Asiatic Squadron at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War.
• Brigadier General Henry Clay Wood (1856) – Received the Medal of Honor for Distinguished Gallantry at the Battle of Wilson’s Creek, Missouri, on August 10, 1861.^[37][38]
• Brigadier General Edward Bancroft Williston (1856) – Received the Medal of Honor for heroism at Trevilian Station during the Civil War.
• Brigadier General Edmund Rice (1859) – Received the Medal of Honor for repelling Pickett's Charge at the Battle of Gettysburg.
• Albert Martin (soldier) – defender of the Alamo in 1836^[39]
• Brigadier General Robert H. Milroy (1843) – In command or present at the Union reverses of the Battle of McDowell, Battle of Cross Keys, and Battle of Second Winchester.
• Colonel Thomas O. Seaver (1859) – Commanded the 3rd Vermont Infantry during the American Civil War; received the Medal of Honor for his heroism at Spotsylvania.
• Rear Admiral George A. Converse (1863) – Notable naval engineer; Chief of the Bureaus of Equipment, Ordnance, and Navigation.
• 1st Lieutenant James Porter (attended 1863–1864) – Officer in the 7th Cavalry from 1869 to 1876; killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn.
• Rear Admiral George Partridge Colvocoresses (1866) – Commandant of Cadets at the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis from 1905–1909.
• Brigadier General Hiram Iddings Bearss (attended 1894–1895) – Received the Medal of Honor for heroism during the Philippine–American War
• Lieutenant General Edward H. Brooks (1916) – Commander, VI Armored Corps, 1944–1945, during World War II; commanding general, U.S. Army in the Caribbean, 1947; commanding general, Second Army, 1951.
• Major General Leonard F. Wing Sr. (attended 1910–1914) – Commander, 43rd Infantry Division during World War II.
• Major General Ernest N. Harmon (attended 1914) – Commander, 1st Armored Division, 2nd Armored Division, and XXII Corps during World War II; commander, VI Corps. Twenty-second President of the University, 1950.
• Major General Briard Poland Johnson (1927) – Commander of 67th Armored Regiment during World War II; Chief of Staff for the Continental Army Command, Fort Monroe, Virginia, 1963.^[40]
• Major General Francis William Billado (1933) – Adjutant General of the Vermont National Guard from 1955 to 1966.
• Major General Reginald M. Cram (1936) – Adjutant General of the Vermont National Guard in 1966, and from 1967 to 1981
• Brigadier General Robert F. McDermott (attended 1937–1939) – Flew 61 combat missions during World War II in the European Theatre. In 1956 he was appointed Dean of Faculty to the Air Force Academy. In 1959 President Eisenhower appointed him the first Permanent Dean of Faculty and promoted him to Brigadier General.^[41]
• Captain James M. Burt (1939) – Received the Medal of Honor for heroism at Aachen during World War II.^[42]
• Major General Jonas Mansfield Platt (1940) – Participated in the assault landings of Guadalcanal, Tarawa, Kwajalein, and Peleliu during World War II. During the Korean War he Commanded 1st Battalion, 5th Marines. From 1958–1960 he Commanded the Marine Barracks in Washington, D.C. – the oldest Post in the Corps. Commanded the 6th Marine Regiment from 1961–1962. Commanded Task Force Delta in Vietnam from 1965–1966.^[43]
• Brigadier General Leonard F. Wing Jr. (1945) – Captured by Germans and held as Prisoner of War during World War II and successfully escaped. Later served as Commander of the 86th Armored Brigade.^[44]
• Major General Robert S. Holmes (1952) – Commanding General of the 91st Infantry Division in Fort Baker, Calif.^[45]
• Brigadier General Charles E. Canedy (1953) – named to the Army Aviation Hall of Fame in 1995.^[46]
• Major General Donald E. Edwards (1959) – Adjutant General of the Vermont National Guard from 1981 to 1997.^[47]
• General Gordon R. Sullivan (1959) – Army Chief of Staff, 1991–1995.^[48]
• Major Ken Jacobs (1969) – Headed the creation of Task Force 160.^[49]
• Major General Stephen T. Rippe (1970) – Vice Director/Director of Management of the Joint Staff.^[50]
• Brigadier General Jeffrey P. Lyon (1972) – Chief of Staff of the Vermont Air National Guard from 1997 to 2002.^[51]
• Lieutenant General John C. Koziol (1976) – Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence) for Joint and Coalition Warfighter Support.^[52]
• Lieutenant General Mark S. Bowman (1978) – Chief Information Officer (CIO) and J6 for the Pentagon Joint Staff.^[53]
• Lieutenant General David E. Quantock (1980) – Inspector General of the United States Army.^[54]
• Lieutenant General Bruce A. Litchfield (1981) – Commander of the Air Force Sustainment Center, Air Force Materiel Command, Tinker Air Force Base, Okla.^[55]
• Brigadier General Steven J. Spano (1983) – Director of Communications, HQ Air Combat Command, Langley Air Force Base, VA.^[56]
• Major General John J. Broadmeadow (1983) – Commanding General Marine Corps Logistics Command (LOGCOM).^[57]
• Lieutenant General Michael H. Shields (1984) – Director of Joint Improvised-Threat Defeat Agency (JIDA).^[58]
• Major General John W. Baker (1985) – Commanding General of the 7th Signal Command (United States).^[59]
• Major General Thomas A. Bussiere (1985) – Vice Deputy Director, for Nuclear, Homeland Defense, and Current Operations, Joint Staff, the Pentagon, Washington, D.C.^[60]
• Brigadier General Michael J. Bouchard (1985) – Assistant Adjutant General for the Maine National Guard.^[61]
• Major General Gary W. Keefe (1986) – Adjutant General for the Massachusetts National Guard.^[62]
• Major General Mark J. O'Neil (1986) – Served in Army Special Operations at every level of leadership to include Troop Commander, Squadron Commander, and Regimental Commander.^[63]
• Major General Frank Muth (1986) – Director of the Office of the Program Manager for the Saudi Arabian National Guard
• Brigadier General Jeffrey A. Farnsworth (1986) – Director of Army Safety and Commanding General U.S. Army Combat Readiness Center, Fort. Rucker, Alabama
• Colonel Michael S. Heimall (1987) – Director of Walter Reed National Military Medical Center.
• Brigadier General Raymond R. Descheneaux (1987) – Assistant Deputy Commandant for Aviation. Piloted 319 combat missions in Iraq, Kosovo, Burundi and Somalia in the KC-130, AH-1, UH-1, CH-46 and CH-53.^[64]
• Major General Cedric D. George (1987) – Deputy Director, Resource Integration, Deputy Chief of Staff for Logistics, Engineering and Force Protection, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C.^[65]
• Major General Thomas W. Geary (1988) – Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C.^[66]
• Brigadier General Peter J. Lambert (1988) – Director of Intelligence, Headquarters Air Combat Command, Joint Base Langley, Eustis, Virginia
• Edward C. Byers, Jr. – Navy SEAL, Medal of Honor recipient^[67]

Political

• Ansel Briggs 1820 – First Governor of Iowa
• Thomas Green Clemson 1824 – US Ambassador to Belgium and founder of Clemson University^[68]
• Ryland Fletcher 1824 – Governor of Vermont.^[69]
• Charles D. Drake 1825 – United States Senator from Missouri.
• Gideon Welles 1826 – Secretary of the Navy from 1861 to 1869^[70]
• George W. Clinton 1827 – Mayor of Buffalo, son of DeWitt Clinton.^[71]
• Horatio Seymour 1828 – Governor of New York, 1868 Democratic nominee for President of the United States.^[72]
• Edward Stanly 1829 – Whig politician and orator who served the State of North Carolina in the Congress from 1837 to 1843 and again from 1847 to 1853.
• Thomas Bragg 1830 – Governor of North Carolina from 1855 to 1859, US Senator for North Carolina 1859 to 1861 and 2nd Attorney General of the Confederate States.
• Jefferson P. Kidder 1834 – 17th Lieutenant Governor of Vermont, United States Congressman for the Dakota Territory, and a justice of territorial Supreme Court.^[73] Kidder County, North Dakota is named for him.
• Caleb Lyon 1841 – Governor of the Idaho Territory from 1864 to 1865 and Member of the 33rd United States Congress from 1853–1855.^[74][75]
• Alvan E. Bovay 1841 – Co-founder of Republican Party and of Ripon College^[76][77]
• William Little Lee 1842 – Lawyer and privy counselor to Kamehameha III of Hawaii, later served as the Kingdom's chief justice from 1848 to his death in 1857.^[78][79]
• William Pitt Kellogg 1848 – Chief Justice of the Nebraska Territory (1861) Elected to the Senate from Louisiana in 1868; governor of that state in 1873; and left office with the end of Reconstruction 1877. Returning to the Senate in 1877–1895. one of the few carpetbagger politicians to remain in power in the South post-Reconstruction.
• George E. Bryant – member of the Wisconsin State Senate
• James KP Chamberlin (NU 1856–1858) – Appointed to the Nebraska State Supreme Court in 1887^[80]
• Burleigh F. Spalding 1877 – Served as a United States Representative from North Dakota from 1899 to 1901 and again from 1903 to 1905. Chief Justice of the North Dakota Supreme Court from 1908 to 1915.^[81]
• Colonel Ernest Willard Gibson 1894 – U.S. Senator from Vermont.
• Charles A. Plumley 1896 – Served in United States Congress from January 16, 1934, to January 3, 1951 as U.S. Representative from Vermont.^[82]
• Tarak Nath Das, 1908 – Indian freedom fighter, co-founder of the Ghadar Party, expelled for his anti-British political activities^[83]
• Colonel Ernest W. Gibson, Jr. 1923 – U.S. Senator from 1940 to 1941. Later the Governor of Vermont from 1946 to 1950.
• F. Elliott Barber, Jr. 1934 – Vermont Attorney General^[84]
• Charles J. Adams 1939 – Vermont Attorney General^[85]
• John P. Connarn 1941 – Vermont House of Representatives, 1957-1965; Vermont Attorney General, 1965-1967; Judge, Vermont District Court, 1967-1985^[86]
• Colin Kenny 1966 – Adviser to Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau from 1970 to 1979, appointed to the Canadian Senate by Trudeau in 1984 for the province of Ontario.
• Francis K. Brooks 1967 – Majority Leader of the Vermont House of Representatives and member of the Vermont Senate^[87]
• Paul N. Poirier 1970 – Majority Leader of the Vermont House of Representatives.^[88]
• Jason R. Holsman 2003 – State Senator for the 7th District of Missouri.

Business

• Harry Bates Thayer – President from 1919 to 1925 and Chairman of the Board of AT&T until 1928
• Brigadier General Robert F. McDermott (1937–1939) – CEO of United Services Automobile Association (USAA). Appointed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower to be the first dean of the United States Air Force Academy. Called the "Father of the Modern Military Education" and the "Father of the Air Force Academy."^[89]

Law

• Theodore Sedgwick 1826 – United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York.^[90]

Engineering and architecture

• Edwin Ferry Johnson 1825 – Surveyor of the Champlain Canal and chief engineer of the New York & Erie, Hartford & New Haven and Northern Pacific railroads. Early proponent of a transcontinental railroad and later mayor of Middletown, CT.^[91]
• Major General Grenville Dodge 1850 – Civil War General, US Congressman and later Chief Engineer of the Union Pacific Railroad. Dodge City, KS is named in his honor.
• Edward Dean Adams 1864 – Engineer and builder of the Niagara Falls Power facility.^[92][93]
• Samuel T. Wellman 1866 – American steel industry pioneer, industrialist, and prolific inventor. Wellman was also president of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers from 1901 to 1902.
• William Rutherford Mead – Joined with Charles Follen McKim and Stanford White to form McKim, Mead, and White in 1879. Associated with the City Beautiful and Beaux Arts movements, McKim, Mead, and White designed the Rhode Island State House, the Morningside Heights campus of Columbia University, the New York Pennsylvania Station and the West Wing of the White House.^[94]
• Richard E. Hayden 1968^[95] – acoustics researcher, won the Wright Brothers Medal in 1973 for a research paper on noise reduction for STOL aircraft

Athletes

• Arlie Pond 1888–1890 – Major league pitcher for the Baltimore Orioles from 1895–1898
• Frank Liebel 1941 – Professional football player 1942–1948 with the New York Giants and Chicago Bears.^[96]
• Thomas W.W. Atwood 1953 – 1952 National Intercollegiate Rifle Champion. 1959 National Service Rifle Champion. 1961 International Military Sports Council (CISM) Rifle Champion. Inducted into the US Army Marksmanship Unit Service Rifle Hall of Fame in 1994.^[97]
• Allen Doyle 1971 – Golfer on the Champions Tour. 2005 & 2006 US Senior Open Champion. 1999 Senior PGA Champion.^[98]
• Chris Bucknam 1978 – Head men’s track and field and cross country coach at the University of Arkansas. He was Northern Iowa’s head men’s track and field coach from 1984–2008 and the women’s head coach from 1997–2008. Bucknam has guided his teams to 35 league titles, two top-10 and six top-20 finishes at NCAA Indoor and Outdoor Championships. A 33-time conference coach of the year, Bucknam produced three national champions and an outstanding 34 All-Americans, who earned a total of 85 All-America awards.^[99]
• Frank Simonetti 1983 – Professional American ice hockey player with the Boston Bruins from 1984–1988.^[100]
• Brent Thompson 1998 – Head Football Coach at The Citadel
• Emily Caruso 2000 – 2002, 2005, 2006, & 2007 National Air Rifle Champion. Member of the 2004 & 2008 Olympic Rifle Teams. 2011 Pan American Games gold medalist.^{[101][102][103][104]}
• Mike Thomas Brown 2000 – Academic All-American wrestler; Professional Mixed Martial Artist,^[105] former WEC Featherweight Champion with his victory over Urijah Faber in November 2008,^[106] current UFC Featherweight.^[107]
• Keith Aucoin 2001 – Professional American ice hockey player.^[108][109]
• Kurtis McLean 2005 – Professional Canadian ice hockey player^[110]

Other notable alumni

• Frederick Townsend Ward 1853 (non-graduate) – American soldier of fortune famous for his military victories for Imperial China during the Taiping Rebellion.
• Arthur Chase 1856 – Co-founder of Theta Chi Fraternity.
• Bill W 1917 – co-founder of Alcoholics Anonymous. Was recognized by Time Magazine as being in the top 20 persons of the Time 100: Heroes and Icons in the 20th century.^[111]
• Marjorie Welish 1965? – Poet, author, artist and art critic.
• Lieutenant Colonel Michael Mori 1991 – Marine Corps officer and lawyer of Guantanamo Bay detainee David Matthew Hicks, aka Abu Muslim al-Austraili. Received the American Civil Liberties Union's Roger N. Baldwin Medal of Liberty Award in 2005.

Notable faculty and administrators

• Barksdale Hamlett, president from 1965 to 1972.^[112]
• Ernest N. Harmon, commandant of cadets from 1927 to 1931, president from 1950 to 1965.^[113]
• Alonzo Jackman, professor and librarian.^[114]
• Frank Tompkins, Professor of Military Science and tactics 1910, commandant of cadets 1910-1913, 1916-1917, 1919,1923
• Leon Kromer, commandant of cadets from 1941 to 1943^[115]
• George Nichols, acting president from 1885 to 1895.^[116]
• Alden Partridge, founder and president from 1819 to 1844.^[117]
• Charles Albert Plumley, president from 1920 to 1934.^[118]
• Truman B. Ransom, professor, vice president, and president from 1844 to 1847.^[117]
• W. Russell Todd, president from 1982 to 1992.^[119]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Norwich University.

• Norwich University official website
• NU Student Clubs and Activities
• Norwich University official athletics website
• Norwich University School of Graduate and Continuing Studies
• Norwich University official online store
•  Reynolds, Francis J., ed. (1921). "Norwich University". Collier's New Encyclopedia. New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company. 

Coordinates: 44°08′20″N 72°39′36″W / 44.13889°N 72.66000°W / 44.13889; -72.66000