North Pennines

North Pennines
Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
Cauldron Snout in the North Pennines AONB
Country England
County County Durham, Northumberland, North Yorkshire, Cumbria
Location North-east England
Highest point Cross Fell
 - elevation 893 m (2,930 ft)
Animal Red squirrel
Map of England and Wales with a green area representing the location of the North Pennines AONB
Location of the North Pennines AONB in the UK

The North Pennines is the northernmost section of the Pennine range of hills which runs north–south through northern England. It lies between Carlisle to the west and Darlington to the east. It is bounded to the north by the Tyne Valley and to the south by the Stainmore Gap.

Overview

The North Pennines was designated as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) in 1988 for its moorland scenery, the product of centuries of farming and lead-mining. At almost 770 square miles (2,000 km2) it is the second largest of the 49 AONBs in the United Kingdom.[1] The landscape of the North Pennines AONB is one of open heather moors between deep dales, upland rivers, hay meadows and stone-built villages, some of which contain the legacies of a mining and industrial past. The area has previously been mined and quarried for minerals such as barytes, coal fluorspar, iron, lead, witherite and zinc.[2] In 2013, a Canadian mining company were allowed to test drill for zinc around Allenheads and Nenthead. They said the region was sitting on a "world-class" deposit of zinc and predicted that a new mine in the area could produce 1,000,000 tonnes (980,000 long tons; 1,100,000 short tons) of zinc ore per year.[3]

In the North Pennines are: 40% of the UK's upland hay meadows; 30% of England's upland heathland and 27% of its blanket bog; 80% of England's black grouse (and also breeding short-eared owl, ring ouzel, common snipe and common redshank); 36% of the AONB designated as Sites of Special Scientific Interest; red squirrels, otters and rare arctic alpine plants; 22,000 pairs of breeding waders and one of England's biggest waterfalls – High Force.[4] The area shares a boundary with the Yorkshire Dales National Park in the south and extends as far as the Tyne Valley, just south of Hadrian's Wall in the north.[5]

One of the many walking routes in the North Pennines is Isaac's Tea Trail, a circular route of 37 miles (60 km) around the area, running from Ninebanks via Allendale, Nenthead and Alston.[6] In addition to this, a large section of the Pennine Way falls in the AONB,[7] including one of the most celebrated stretches through Teesdale, a lush valley with dramatic river scenery including the twin attractions of High Force and Cauldron Snout.

The AONB is notable for rare flora and fauna, including wild alpine plants not found elsewhere in Britain. It is also home to red squirrels and diverse birds of prey. The impressive landscape of the North Pennines – from High Force on the River Tees to the sweeping valley of High Cup Gill above Dufton – are the product of millions of years of geological processes. The worldwide significance of the geology found in the area was recognised in 2003 when the AONB became Britain's first European Geopark.[8] A year later the area become one of the founding members of the UNESCO-assisted Global Geopark family and in 2015 it was accorded official status as a UNESCO Global Geopark.[9] Geoparks are areas with outstanding geological heritage where this is being used to support sustainable development.[10]

Another of the North Pennines' oddities is that it is home to England's only named wind, the Helm Wind. It has caught out many walkers traversing the plateaux around Cross Fell, the Eden Valley fellside, and the valleys between Alston and Dufton.[11]

The great English poet W. H. Auden spent much time in this area and some forty poems and two plays are set here. Auden visited the area in 1919 and "five years later was writing poems about Alston Moor and Allendale."[12] He referred to the region as his "Mutterland", his "great good place", and equated it with his idea of Eden. Scores of Pennine place-names are found in his work, including Cauldron Snout and Rookhope.[13][14]

Visitor centre

There is a small visitor centre at Bowlees which aims to provide a gateway to Upper Teesdale and the wider North Pennines AONB.[15][16]

References

  1. ↑ "Where is the North Pennines". www.northpennines.org.uk. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  2. ↑ "BBC - Seven Wonders - North Pennines". BBC. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  3. ↑ "North Pennines zinc mine 'could create 500 jobs'". BBC News. 15 August 2013. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  4. ↑ "North Pennines AONB". www.landscapesforlife.org.uk. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  5. ↑ "North Pennines AONB" (PDF). www.landscapesforlife.org.uk. pp. 26–27. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  6. ↑ "Isaac's Tea Trail - LDWA Long Distance Paths". www.ldwa.org.uk. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  7. ↑ Stephenson, Tom (1980). The Pennine Way (2nd ed.). London: H.M.S.O. for the Countryside Commission. pp. 48–67. ISBN 0-11-700903-2.
  8. ↑ "13/08/03 - North Pennines AONB gets Country`s first European Geopark status". www.cumbria.gov.uk. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  9. ↑ Henderson, Tony (22 November 2015). "North Pennines is to be formally declared an official UNESCO global geopark". nechronicle. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  10. ↑ McMillan, A A (2008). "The role of the British Geological Survey in geoconservation". In Burek, C V; Prosser, C D. The history of geoconservation (1 ed.). London: British Geological Society. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-86239-254-0.
  11. ↑ Plester, Jeremy (21 April 2013). "Weatherwatch: The rolling clouds of the wind that shook the Normans". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  12. ↑ Mitchell, W R (September 2007). The Eden Valley and the North Pennines. Phillimore. p. 100. ISBN 9781860774508.
  13. ↑ "Historic Humanists- Auden, W. H. | The Eloquent Atheist". www.eloquentatheist.com. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  14. ↑ Partridge, Frank (24 February 2007). "North Pennines: Poetry in motion". The Independent. Retrieved 5 January 2017.
  15. ↑ "Bowlees Visitor Centre".
  16. ↑ "Winners announced for North East England Tourism Awards". 2016.

Coordinates: 54°44′N 2°8′W / 54.733°N 2.133°W / 54.733; -2.133

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