Northern Mexico

Northern Mexico location

Northern Mexico (Spanish: el Norte de México), commonly referred as El Norte, is an informal term for the northern cultural and geographical area in Mexico. Depending on the source, it contains some or all of the states of Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sinaloa, Sonora and Tamaulipas.

In fact there is not a border that separates the northern states from the southern states in Mexico. For some authors, only states that have a border with the US are considered as northern Mexico, i.e. Baja California, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Sonora and Tamaulipas.^[1] Others also include Durango, Sinaloa and Baja California Sur.^[2] Other people consider that the north starts above the Tropic of Cancer,^[3] but this description would include some parts of Zacatecas and San Luis Potosí that are usually not considered northern states.

History

Before colonization

It is not known exactly when the first settlers came to Northern Mexico. The bad weather in the region limited the practice of agriculture, so ancient cultures developed a nomadic lifestyle dedicated to hunting and gathering.^[4]

One of the most important native cultures at northern Mexico are the Tepehuanes in Durango, who are actually named the Odamis, meaning "people from the mountains".^[5] Something similar has happened with the Raramuris in Chihuahua; Raramuri means "people who run", but they are known as Tarahumaras. Other important cultures are Mayos and Yaquis in Sonora, and Laguneros in Coahuila. In Nuevo Leon, many nomads were exterminated for resisting the construction of Monterrey.^[6]

Colonial era

The first city of the region was Durango, founded by Francisco de Ibarra, a Basque explorer. During the colonial era, Durango, Chihuahua and some parts of Sinaloa and Coahuila were a Basque colony named the Nueva Vizacaya. Now, most Duranguenses are Basque descendants.^[7] Other important cities like Monterrey were founded almost 50 years later.

States

Baja California	Baja California Sur	Chihuahua

Mexicali	La Paz	Chihuahua
Coahuila	Durango	Nuevo León

Saltillo	Durango	Monterrey
Sinaloa	Sonora	Tamaulipas

Culiacán	Hermosillo	Ciudad Victoria

References

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Northern Mexico.

↑ Mize, Ronald L.; Swords, Alicia C. S. (2010). Consuming Mexican Labor: From the Bracero Program to NAFTA. University of Toronto Press. p. 175. ISBN 9781442601581.
↑ Burian, Edward (2015-08-15). The Architecture and Cities of Northern Mexico from Independence to the Present. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292771901.
↑ Hobbs, Joseph J. (2008-03-13). World Regional Geography. Cengage Learning. p. 506. ISBN 0495389501.
↑ http://portalacademico.cch.unam.mx/materiales/prof/matdidac/sitpro/hist/mex/mex1/HMI/Aridoamerica.pdf
↑ http://pueblosoriginarios.com/norte/suroeste/odami/odami.html
↑ http://www.elclima.com.mx/historia_y_fundacion_de_monterrey.htm
↑ https://www.elsiglodetorreon.com.mx/noticia/595895.siglos-de-historia.html

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